非谓语动词不定式优秀课件

1大学英语大学英语College English2英英 语语 语语 法法n从句从句n非谓语动词非谓语动词n虚拟语气虚拟语气n主谓一致主谓一致n时态与语态时态与语态n强调和倒装强调和倒装3非谓语动词非谓语动词4非非谓谓语语动动词词不定式（不定式（to do）分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing）过去分词（过去分词（-ed）现在分词（现在分词（-ing）5 不定式的语法功能不定式的语法功能 动词不定式的构成：动词不定式的构成：（to）+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征；具有名词、形容词、副词的特征；否定式：否定式：not+（to）do6不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态时态、语态时态、语态主动主动被动被动一般式一般式to doto be done进行式进行式to be doing /完成式完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing/71 1一般式：一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。动作之后。Its nice to meet you.He wants to be a physicist We plan to pay a visit to the Leaning Tower of Pisa.82 2进行式：进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。与谓语动词动作同时发生。The boy pretended to be studying seriously.She seems to be reading in his room.93 3完成式：完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。生在谓语动词动作之前。I happened to have seen the opera.He is pleased to have met his old classmates.10 不定式的语法功能不定式的语法功能 n作主语作主语n作作表语表语n作宾语作宾语n作宾语补足语作宾语补足语n作定语作定语n作状语作状语11主主 语语12To finish the task in a week is very hard.一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。To lose your heart means failure.灰心意味着失败。灰心意味着失败。13主主 语语 动词不定式短语作主语时，动词不定式短语作主语时，常用常用it作作形式主语形式主语，真正的主，真正的主语不定式置于句后。语不定式置于句后。14It is very hard to finish the task in a week.一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。It means failure to lose your heart.灰心意味着失败。灰心意味着失败。15主主 语语It+be+名词名词+to doIt takes sb.+some time+to doIt+be+形容词形容词+of sb.+to do16It took me only a month to complete the project.It is very difficult for me to finish the report overnight.Its our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.17表表 语语18My work is to clean the washing room every day.His ideal is to be a top engineer.He appears to have caught a cold.19宾宾 语语20宾宾 语语afford（负担得起），（负担得起），agree（同意），（同意），dare（敢于），（敢于），decide（决定），（决定），happen（碰巧），（碰巧），hesitate（犹豫），（犹豫），fail（不能），（不能），guarantee（保证），（保证），tend（倾向），（倾向），manage（设法），（设法），pretend（假装），（假装），offer（提供），（提供），plan（计划）（计划）21He offered to help me.The student failed to pass the exam.I really cant afford to see this company go bankruptcy.I guarantee to fulfill the task.We manage to get most of our produce in Britain.22注意事项注意事项 1 1 如果不定式（宾语）后面如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用有宾语补足语，则用it作作形式形式宾语宾语，真正的宾语（不定式），真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。后置，放在宾语补足语后面。23Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.All of us think it urgent to implement economic reform.24注意事项注意事项 2 2动词动词+疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 有些动词可以要求其后的不定式有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等。等。25Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic?My mother showed me how to prepare meals.He gave us some advice on how to learn computer.26注意事项注意事项 3 3动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式 不定式可以做宾语补足语不定式可以做宾语补足语27The officer ordered his soldiers to fire.Father will not allow us to play on the street.I have no choice but to believe what youre saying.I have no choice but to do as he tells me.28定定 语语29定定 语语 通常放在被修饰的词后面，通常放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。往往表示未发生的动作。30I have a lot of work to do.I have a meeting to attend.She found a comfortable house to live in.Thats the thing to worry about.备注：备注：所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词等，应有必要的介词 31It is a great place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.Lets practice now.Its the best way to learn.备注：备注：如果不定式修饰如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词。，可以省略介词。32状状 语语33状状 语语n表目的表目的n表结果表结果n表原因表原因n表程度表程度34作目的状语作目的状语常用结构：常用结构：to do,only to,in order to,so as to do,so（such）as to35He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.He worked day and night in order to get the money.36To save money,every means has been tried.To save money,he has tried every means.To learn English well,a dictionary is needed.To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.备注：备注：注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。与句子主语要一致。n.方法，手段方法，手段37作结果状语作结果状语常用常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+as to引导。引导。38I awoke to find my luggage gone.I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.He searched the room to find nothing.39作原因状语作原因状语40She smiled to see the students so happy.She smiled because she saw the students so happy.They were very sad to hear the news.They were very sad because they heard the news.41状状 语语n表目的表目的n表结果表结果n表原因表原因n表程度表程度42省略省略to 的不定式的不定式43cannot but（只得）（只得）cannot help but（不得不，只得）（不得不，只得）had better（最好还是）（最好还是）had rather（宁愿）（宁愿）would rather（宁愿）（宁愿）would sooner（宁愿）（宁愿）may（just）as well（还是（还是.的好）的好）must（just）as well（幸好）（幸好）rather than（而不是）（而不是）why not（为什么不）（为什么不）would you please（请您（请您.）help sb.（to）do sth.44I cannot but admire your bravery.I cannot help but think that is very important.They had better think again.I would rather sleep than watch this movie.45This promotes empathy rather than resentment.Why not eat more fruits?Would you please fill out a deposit slip?Could you help me find an apartment?n.同情同情n.憎恨憎恨填写填写存款单存款单46省略省略to 的不定式的不定式do nothing/anything/everything.but/except结构结构不带不带to。47Last night I did nothing but watch TV.I have done nothing except do what I should.Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools.48省略省略to 的不定式的不定式 当谓语动词是感官动词当谓语动词是感官动词see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find和使役动词和使役动词let,have,make时，作宾语补语的不定时，作宾语补语的不定式可以省去式可以省去to。如果这些动词为被。如果这些动词为被动形式，则要保留动形式，则要保留to。49I heard him lock the door.The boss made them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.50 不定式的语法功能不定式的语法功能 动词不定式的构成：动词不定式的构成：（to）+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征；具有名词、形容词、副词的特征；否定式：否定式：not+（to）do51不定式不定式Subject（主语）（主语）Object（宾语）（宾语）Predictive（表语）（表语）Attribute（定语）（定语）Adverbial（状语）（状语）Complement（补语）（补语）To do that sort of thing is foolish.It is foolish to do that sort of thing.I want to see you this weekendAll you have to do is（to）finish it quicklyWe found a house to live in.She came here to study English.The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.They jumped with joy to hear the news.52不不 定定 式式