各大时态的被动语态讲解.ppt

We should move from ”Made in China” to “Created in China”, from “China speed “ to “China quality”, “from “Chinese products” to “Chinese brands”. The Passive Voice 被动语态基本用法 当句子的 主语 是动作的 执行者 时， 谓语的形式是 主动语态 。当句子的 主语是动作的 承受者 时，谓语要用 被动语态 。被动语态由助动词 be+ 过去分词 构成，时态通过 be表现出 来。 一 、 运用被动语态的情景 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的 执行者 (这时可省 by 短语 )。 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子 。 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） His brother washes bowls every day. 主 谓 宾 (受动者 ) Bowls are washed by his brother every day. 改为被动语态 They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beilun. People speak English as the first language in UK. Football is played by them on Sunday. The homework is done by Lucy in the evening. Computers are often used by them in class. These machines are made in Beilun. English is spoken as the first language in UK. 你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？ 1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语） +am/is /are +过去分词 He looked after the little baby yesterday. 主 谓 宾 (受动者 ) The little baby was looked after by him yesterday . They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting. They planted many trees years ago. The tall building was built by them last year. His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday. Our classroom was cleaned by us just now. This room was used for resting by them. Many trees were planted by them years ago. 2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时： S+was/were +过去分词 Tom will clean the room tomorrow. 主 谓 宾 (受动者 ) The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow. We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon. The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring. Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow. A sports meeting will be had by us next week. Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow. A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon. Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring. The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow. 3.They will finish the work in ten days. The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词 4 Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词 1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well. 5.Jim could do it yesterday. The baby can be taken care of by him. The picture may be drawn by Lucy. The lights must be turned off by you. English should be learned well by them. It could be done by Jim yesterday. 归纳总结方法 把主动语态变为被动语态可按“ 一变、二套、三注意 ” 来进行。 即： 一变 -把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语 态的主语 改为被动语态的介词 by的宾语。 二套 -根据原句的时态套用相应的时态。 三注意 -注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例如： Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday. is spoken were washed 练习： 1.Many people speak English. 2.They made computers in the U.S.A. 3.People used knives for cutting things. 4.People used metal for making machines. 5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou. 6.They speak English in Canada. 7.They write business letters in English. 8.They grow rice in South China. 9.They plant many trees in North China. 10.Lu Xun wrote this book. 11.The workers built some bridges. 12.We can use the box as a table. 13.We should clean the classroom every day 下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees. 2.The boy was mending his bike. 3.We have finished our compositions. Some workers are painting the rooms now The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词 I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词 We have made twenty more keys Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 1 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+过去分词 2 一般过去时 did was/were+过去分词 3 一般将来时 will/be going to+动词原 形 will/be going to+ be+过去分词 4 过去将来时 would+动词原形 would+ be+过去分词 5 现在进行时 am/is/are+现在分词 am/is/are+ being+过去分词 6 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 was/were+ being+过去分词 7 现在完成时 have/has+过去分词 have/has+ been+过去分词 8 过去完成时 had+过去分词 had+ been+过去分词 9 含情态动词 情态动词 +动词原形 情态动词 +be+过去分词 被动语态中的特殊情况 1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语 态时，仍然要带上介词。 e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class. 被动句： The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. e.g. They look after the new students in the school. 被动句： The new students are looked after by them in the school. 1).Parents always look after their children carefully. Children are always looked after carefully. 2).She will turn off the light after class. The light will be turned off after class。 3).She listened to the teachers carefully sometimes. The teachers were listened to carefully sometimes. 2.当动词带有复合宾语 (有宾补 ), 并且宾补是省去“ to”的 动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加“ to” e.g. They make us do all the work. 被动句： We are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs. 被动句： She is often heard to sing songs by us. e.g. I saw him walk to school. 被动句： He was seen to walk to school by me. 特别提示： 一些使役动词 (let, have, make等 )或感观动词 (see, hear, watch, 中后面接的动词不定式不带 to，但改为 被动时，要补上 to。 (记忆口诀 ： “ 使感动词 ” 真奇怪， to在句中像妖怪，主动语态 to走开，被动语态 to回 来。 ” ) 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 主动语态 被动语态 使 役 动 词 make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. have sb. do sth. sb. be had to do sth. let sb. do sth. sb. be let to do sth. 感 观 动 词 see sb. do sth. sb. be seen to do sth. watch sb. do sth. sb. be watched to do sth. hear sb. do sth. sb. be heard to do sth. notice sb. do sth. sb. be noticed to do sth. go The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意 当使用 see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.时，变为被动语 态时， doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动 ) He was seen going into the shop.(被动 ) 3.当动词带双宾语时 (一个宾语是指人，一个是指物 )，将 其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按 顺序照抄下来； 如是将指 物 的宾语提前作被动句的主语， 在被动句中则指 人 宾语前应 加“ to”或“ for” 。 e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被动 1 I am given a flower by him everyday. 被动 2 A flower is given to me by him everyday. e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被动 1 I was bought a computer by my mother . 被动 2 A computer was bought for me by my mother . 1.He passed me some paper. I was passed some paper by him. Some paper was passed to me by him. 2.He bought me a present for my birthday. I was bought a present by him for my birthday. A present was bought for me for my birthday by him. 3. They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me. 练习： 将下列句子变为被动句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully. Li Leis father is listened to carefully by Li Lei . 2.The mother looked after the baby in the room. The baby was looked after by the mother in the room. 3.We took care of the things. The things were taken care of by us. 4.They gave us some work. We were given some work by them. Some work was given to us by them. 5.The boy made them laugh all the time. They were made to laugh all the time by the boy. 6.My mother buys me a bike. A bike is bought for me by my mother. I am bought a bike by my mother. 1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are used are cleaned (变被动语态） 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used 3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time. The ticket was found was told 9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us 7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today? Were many trees planted Must be finished 10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done 12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken 14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _? is studied Is talked by them Homework : 1.He cleans the classroom everyday. 2.They finished their homework. 3.I can mend his bike. 4.She will buy ten books tomorrow. 5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends. 6.The old man often makes us laugh. 各种时态的被动语态构成 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 过去进行时： S+am/is /are +done S+was/were +done S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done S+ will+be+ done S+ am/is/are + being + done S+ have/has + been+ done S+ was/were+being+ done