Matlab摄像头基本操作

Matlab摄像头基本操作分类：matlab(机器人视觉 SLAM 项目)2012-09-26 09:48529人阅读 评论(0)收藏 举报matlabinputparametersimagevideopropertiesMatlab中的图像获取工具箱给我们提供了必要的函数，我们 直接调用就可以了。在在这帖中我们主要就是简单的介绍如 何使用该工具箱进行对USB2.0摄像头的编程废话不多说，我们开始言归正传了。但是一定记住你必须安 装了 PC摄像头才可以进行下面的东西，如果说首次安装摄 像头最好重启下PC，否则可能出现没法识别摄像头。 整个过程我们需要做如下几件事情：1、查询 USB2.0Camera 的具体参数(imaqhwinfo)2、创建视频输入对象(videoinput)3、图像预览和显示(preview、stoppreview、closepreview 和 image)4、获取视频图像(getsnapshot)5、图像获取设备的获取和设置(get和set)6、关闭视频对象(delete)在正式讲解之前，我想说明下几个个在图像获取工具箱中的 术语：图像获取设备：比如摄像头、扫描仪图像获取适配器：主要的目的是通过驱动在Matlab和图像获取设备之间传递信息ROI : region-of-inter感兴趣区域在说说几个常用的函数，我们这里只是说明它的作用，具体 如何使用参考帮助系统getselectedsourceimaqfindisvalidpeekdatagetdataimaqmontage给我们一个摄像头我们必须知道他的相关参数，才可能进行 我们的编程下。当然我们可以查询商家手册，但是那个累不 累人呀。Mat lab的图像获取工具箱为我提供了 imaqhwinfo()，来获取PC上以安装的图像获取硬件信息没有输入参数时，返回一个结构体，它包含了系统中存在的适配器和Mat lab相关的版本信息(第一次我们一般使用这个)代码： info二imaqhwinfoinfo =InstalledAdaptors:coreco winvideo%这里可以看至U我的PC上安装了两个适配器MATLABVersion: 7.6(R2008a)ToolboxName: Image AcquisitionToolboxToolboxVersion: 3.1(R2008a)有输入参数的时候，返回一个结构体，包含了指定的适配器的数据信息代码： win_info=imaqhwinfo(winvideo)% 我们看看第二适配器的具体参数win_info =AdaptorDllName: 1x81 char%适配器 dll文件绝对路径AdaptorDllVersion: 3.1(R2008a)%适配器dll文件版本AdaptorName: winvideo%s 适配器名称DeviceIDs: 1%设备 ID 号，这个我 们经常需要用到DeviceInfo: 1x1 struct%设备信息，这里主要是图像获取设备的一些参数，比较重要F面我们了解下，这个图像获取设备到底有哪些的详细信息吧 win info.DevicelDsans1 dev win info=win info.Deviceinfodev win infoDefaultFormat: RGB24 320x240%获取图片的默认格式DeviceFileSupported: 0DeviceName: USB PC CAMERA P227%设备名称DeviceID: 1设备号ObjectConstructor:videoinput(winvideo, 1)% 对象构建方式，这个绝大部分都是一样的SupportedFormats: 1x12 cell%获取的图像支持格式，一般都有好多种，上面的DefaultFormat只是默认格式而已看看图像获取设备支持的图像格式 dev_win_info. SupportedFormats%可以看至U我的PC上的摄像头支持下面12中图片格式ans =Columns 1 through 5I420_160x120I420_176x144I420_320x240I420_352x288I420_640x480Columns 6 through 9RGB24_1280x960RGB24_160x120RGB24 176x144 RGB24 320x240Columns 10 through 12RGB24_352x288RGB24_640x480 RGB24_800x600视频预览、采集和保存(1)创建视频输入对象obj = videoinp ut( adap to rname,deviceID,forma t)adaptorname：适配器名称，首次可以使用不带参数的imaqhwinfo函数获取deviceID:设备ID号，首次可以通过imaqhwinfo函数获取format：视频采集格式，可以通过Deviceinfo的SupportedFormats获取，不填写则使用默认格式代码： obj =videoinput(winvideo,1,RGB24_320x240)%这里我们使用默认的视频采集格式Summary of Video Input Object Using USB PCCAMERA P227Acquisition Source(s): inputl isavailable.Acquisition Parameters:inputl is the current selected source 10 frames per trigger using the selected source RGB24_320x240video data to be logged upon START Grabbing first of every 1 frame(s)Log data to memory on trigger Trigger Parameters: 1 immediate trigger(s) on START Status:Waitingfor START 0 frames acquired since starting 0 frames availablefor GETDATA(2)打开视频预览窗口himage二preview(obj,himage)obj：视频米集对象himage：视频预览窗口对应的句柄，也就是说在指定的句柄对象中预览视频，该参数可以空缺至于预览窗口的关闭和停止可以使用colsepreview和stoppreview 函数代码：vidRes = get(obj, VideoResolution);nBands = get(obj, NumberOfBands);figure()%指定预览窗体显示的figureaxes()%指定预览窗口显示的坐标系hImage = image( zeros(vidRes(2), vidRes(1),nBands);preview(obj, hImage);(3 )图像捕捉、显示和保存代码：%frame是HxWxB的矩阵。H图像高度，由ROIPosition 指定；w图像宽度，由ROIPosition指定；B索线个数， 由 NumberOfBands 扌旨定frame = getsnapshot(obj);imshow(frame);imwrite(fame,snapjpg,jpg);实验步骤1、查询USB2.OCamera的具体参数 输入 imaqlnfo = imaqhwinfo 返回信息Ins talledAdap to rs: winvideoMATLABVersion: 7.1 (R14SP3)ToolboxName: Image Acquisition Toolbox ToolboxVersion: 1.9 (R14SP3) 输入 imaqlnfo.InstalledAdaptors 返回信息ans =winvideo输入 winvideoinfo = imaqhwinfo(winvideo) 返回信息winvideoinfo =AdaptorDllName: 1x76 charAdap to rDllVersion: 1.9 (R14SP3)AdaptorName: winvideoDeviceIDs: 1DeviceInfo: 1x1 struet输入 winvideoinfo.DeviceInfo返回信息 ans =DefaultFormat: YUY2_160xl20DeviceFileSupported: 0DeviceName: USB 视频设备DeviceID: 1ObjectConstruetor: videoinput( winvideo, 1)SupportedFormats: 1x5 cell输入 devicel = winvideoinfo.Devicelnfo(l) 返回信息 devicel =DefaultFormat: YUY2_160x120DeviceFileSupported: 0DeviceName: USB 视频设备DeviceID: 1ObjectConstruetor: videoinput( winvideo, 1) SupportedFormats: 1x5 cell 输入 device1.DeviceName 返回信息ans =USB视频设备输入 devicel.DevicelD返回信息ans 1输入 devicel.DefaultFormat 返回信息ans =YUY2_160xl20输入 devicel.SupportedFormats返回信息Columns 1 through 4YUY2_160xl20YUY2_176xl44YUY2_320x240YUY2_352x288Column 5YUY2_640x4802、最简单采集实验，输入如下代码，可以得到预览下的默 认格式的摄像头捕捉窗口 obj=videoinput(winvideo,l); preview(obj);3、输入如下代码vidobj = videoinput( winvideo,l,YUY2_640x480);sources = vidobj.Source;whos sources set(v idobj,Selec tedSourceName,inp utl); sourcesselectedsrc = getselectedsource(vidobj); get(selectedsrc);dele te(vidobj);clear vidobj;返回信息NameSizeBytes Classsources1x1726 videosource objectGrand total is 30 elements using 726 bytesDisplay Summary for Video Source Object:Index:SourceName:Selected:1inp ut1onGeneral Settings:Parent 二1x1 videoinputSelected = onSourceName = input1Tag =Type = videosourceDevice Specific Properties:BacklightCompensation 二 onBrightness = -16Contrast 二 120FrameRa te = 30.0000Gamma = 60Hue = 0Saturation 二 40Sharpness = 34、输入如下代码clc;elf;clear all;imaqmem(30000000);%申请内存空间%ADAPTOR:MATLAB与视频设备之间的接口，主要的目的是传 递信息vid = videoinp ut( winvideo, 1, YUY2_640x480); preview(vid);start(v id);h=figure(NumberTitle,off,Name,视频，.MenuBar,none,color,c,.Pos ition, 0, 0, 1, 1, Visible,set( h,doublebuffer,on ,out erpos itio n,ge t(0，sc reensize);h1=axes(Posi tion, 0.02, 0.1, 0.4,0.8,Parent,h); %新建显示窗口hold on;axis off;while ishandle(h)%判断是否有效的图像对象句柄a=getsnapshot (vid);% 捕获图像flushda ta(vid);%清除数据获取引擎的所有数据、置属性SamplesAvailable为0imshow(a);%显示图像drawnow;%实时更新图像end;dele te(vid);matlab 视频工具箱常用函数窗体顶端窗体顶端视频显示 vision.DeployableVideoPlayer 发送视频数据到电脑屏幕上 vision.VideoPlayer 播放视频或显示图像序列视频文件 I / O vision.BinaryFileReader 读取视频数据从二进制文件 vision.BinaryFileWriter 写入二进制视频数据文件 vision.VideoFileReader 浏览视频和/或从一个视频文件的音频取样 vision.VideoFileWriter 视频帧写入到视频文件和音频样本特征检测，提取和匹配MSERRegions 对象的存储 MSER 区域 SURFPoints对象的存储SURF兴趣点 vision.BoundaryTracer 跟踪对象的二进制图像边界 vision.CornerDetector 角的度量矩阵和角点检测 vision.EdgeDetector 查找图像中的物体边缘目标检测vision.CascadeObjec tDe tec tor检测对象的使用的维奥拉-琼斯算法运动分析和跟踪vision.BlockMatcher估计图像或视频帧之间的运动 vision.ForegroundDetector检测采用高斯混合模型的前景 vision.HistogramBasedTracker 基于直方图的对象跟踪 vision.OpticalFlow 估计物体的速度 vision.TemplateMatcher 图像中找到模板分析与增强vision.ContrastAdjuster调整图像的对比度，线性缩放vision.Deinterlacer删除运动伪影的隔行扫描视频输入信号 vision.Histogram EqualizerEnhance 对比度的图像，使用直方图均衡化 vision.MedianFilter 二维中值滤波转换vision.Autothresholder 转换强度图像二值图像 vision.ChromaResampler 缩减像素采样或上采样图像的色度分量 vision.ColorSpaceConverter 色彩空间之间转换颜色信息vision.DemosaicInterpolator 拜耳模式的图像转换为真彩色 vision.GammaCorrector 应用或删除伽玛校正，图像或视频流 vision.ImageComplementer 在二进制或强度图像的像素值的补 vision.ImageDataTypeConverter 转换和缩放输入图像到指定的输出数据类型过滤integralKernel 积分图像过滤器 vision.Convolver 计算 2-D 离散卷积的两个输入矩阵 vision.ImageFilter 执行 2-D FIR 滤波的输入矩阵 vision.MedianFilter 二维中值滤波几何变换vision.GeometricRotator 指定的角度旋转图像 vision.GeometricScaler 放大或缩小图像尺寸 vision.GeometricShearer Shift 键的行或列的图像线性变化的偏移 vision.GeometricTransformer 应用投影或仿射变换的图像 vision.GeometricTransform EstimatorEstimate 几何变换的匹配点对 vision.GeometricTranslator 翻译在二维平面上的图像，使用位移矢量形态学操作 vision.ConnectedComponentLabeler 标签和计算连通区域的二值图像 vision.MorphologicalBottomHat 底帽滤波图像 vision.MorphologicalClose 图像进行形态闭 vision.MorphologicalDilate 对图像进行形态学膨胀 vision.MorphologicalErode 上的图像进行形态学腐蚀 vision.MorphologicalOpen 图像进行形态开 vision.Morphological TopHatTop 帽子图像过滤统计vision.Autocorrelator 计算 2-D 输入自相关矩阵 vision.BlobAnalysis 属性连通区域vision.Crosscorrelator 2-D 剖面的两个输入矩阵的相关性 vision.Histogram 生成直方图的每个输入matrixvision.LocalMaximaFinder 查找本地最大矩阵 vision.Maximum 查找输入或输入序列中的最大值 vision.Mean 输入或输入序列的平均值 vision.Median 查找中值在输入 vision.Minimum 查找最低值在输入或输入序列vision.PSNR计算峰值信号的信噪比（PSNR）的图像之间的 vision.StandardDeviation 查找标准偏差的输入或输入序列 vision.Variance 查找在输入或输入序列的变异值 文本和图形vision.AlphaBlender 将图像，叠加图像，或突出显示选定的像素 vision.MarkerInserter 输出图像上绘制标记 vision.ShapeInserter 绘制矩形，线，多边形或圆形图像上 vision.TextInserter 绘制文本，图像或视频流变换 vision.DCT 计算 2-D 离散余弦变换 vision.FFT 两维离散付里叶变换vision.HoughLines查找rho沸石和0对所描述的线的笛卡尔坐标 vision.HoughTransform 查找图像中的线，通过 Hough 变换 vision.IDCT 计算 2-D 的逆离散余弦变换 vision.IFFT二维离散傅立叶逆变换vision.Pyramid 执行高斯金字塔分解定义新的系统对象matlab.System 系统对象的基类 getDiscreteStateImpl 离散状态的属性值 getNumInputsImpl 号码的输入参数传递步骤和设置方法 getNumOutputsImpl 返回的输出两步法 isInactivePropertyImpl 活动或不活动标志的属性 matlab.system.mixin.FiniteSource 有限源 mixin 类 isDoneImplEnd 的数据标志processTunedPropertiesImpl 时的动作调谐特性的变化 releaseImpl 释放资源resetImplReset 系统对象的状态 setProperties 设置属性值的名称 - 值对输入 setupImpl 初始化系统对象stepImpl 系统输出和状态更新方程matlab.system.StringSet 一套有效的字符串值 validateInputsImpl 验证输入步骤方法 validatePropertiesImpl 验证属性值实用工具vision.ImagePadder 垫或作物输入图像沿其行，列，或两者兼而有之 復原編輯窗体底端Video Displayvision.DeployableVideoPlayer Send video data to computer screen vision.VideoPlayer Play video or display image sequences Video File I/Ovision.BinaryFileReader Read video data from binary files vision.BinaryFileWriter Write binary video data to files vision.VideoFileReader Read video and/or audio samples from a video filevision.VideoFileWriter Write video frames and video fileFeature Detection, MSERRegions ObjectSURFPoints ObjectExtraction,for storing MSER regions for storing SURF interest vision.BoundaryTracer Trace object vision.CornerDetector Corner metric vision.EdgeDetector Find edges of Object Detection vision.CascadeObjectDetector Detect s algorithmMotion Analysis and Trackingvision.BlockMatcher Estimate motionand Matchingaudio samples tomatrixand cornerdetectorobjectsin imagesobjectsusing theViola-Jonebetweenimages orvideo frboundariespointsin binary imagesames vision.ForegroundDetector Detects foreground using Gaussian mixt ure modelsvision.HistogramBasedTracker Histogram-based object tracking vision.OpticalFlow Estimate object velocities vision.TemplateMatcher Locate template in imageAnalysis & Enhancementlinear scalingvision.ContrastAdjuster Adjust image contrast byby deinterlacingimages using histvision.Deinterlacer Remove motion artifacts input video signalvision.Histogram EqualizerEnhance contrast of ogram equalizationvision.MedianFilter 2D median filteringConversions ents of images vision.ColorSpaceConverter Convert color information between col or spacesvision.Autothresholdervision.ChromaResamplerConvert intensity imageDownsample or upsampleto binary imagechrominance componvision.DemosaicInterpolator Bayer-pattern image conversion to tr ue colorvision.GammaCorrector Apply or remove gamma correction from im ages or video streams vision.ImageComplementer Complement of pixel values in binary or intensity image vision.ImageDataTypeConverter Convert and scale input image to specified output data typeFiltering integralKernel Integral image filter vision.Convolver Compute 2-D discrete convolution of two input matricesvision.ImageFilter Perform 2-D vision.MedianFilter 2D median Geometric Transformations vision.GeometricRotator vision.GeometricScaler vision.GeometricShearer early varying offsetFIR filtering of input matrix filteringRotateEnlargeShiftimage by specified angle or shrink image rows or columnssizeof image by linvision.GeometricTransformer Apply projective or ation to imageaffine transformvision.GeometricTransform EstimatorEstimate on from matching point pairs vision.GeometricTranslator Translate image ane using displacement vector Morphological Operations vision.ConnectedComponentLabeler Label and regions in a binary imagegeometric transformatiin two-dimensional plcount the connectedvision.MorphologicalBottomHat Bottom-hat filtering vision.MorphologicalClose vision.MorphologicalDilateimagevision.MorphologicalErodePerformPerformPerformmorphologicalmorphologicalmorphologicalon imageclosing on imagedilation on anerosion on an imagevision.MorphologicalOpen Perform morphological opening on an image ces vision.Histogram Generate histogram of each inputvision.Morphological TopHatTop-hat Statisticsvision.Autocorrelator Compute 2-D ixvision.BlobAnalysis Properties ofvision.Crosscorrelator 2-Dfiltering on image autocorrelation of input matr connected regionsof two input matricross-correlationmatrixvision.LocalMaximaFinder Find local maxima in matrices vision.Maximum Find maximum values in input or sequence of i nputs vision.Mean Find mean value of input or sequence of inputs vision.Median Find median values in an input vision.Minimum Find minimum values in input or sequence of i nputs vision.PSNR Compute peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) between images vision.StandardDeviation Find standard deviation of input or s equence of inputsvision.Variance Find variance values in an input or sequence of inputsText & Graphicsvision.AlphaBlender Combine images, overlay images, or highligh t selected pixelsvision.MarkerInserter Draw markers on output image vision.ShapeInserter Draw rectangles, lines, polygons, or circl es on imagesvision.TextInserter Draw text on image or video stream Transforms vision.DCT Compute 2-D discrete cosine transform vision.FFT Two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform vision.HoughLines Find Cartesian coordinates of lines that a re described by rho and theta pairs vision.HoughTransform Find lines in images via Hough transform vision.IDCT Compute 2-D inverse discrete cosine transform vision.IFFT Two -imensional inverse discrete Fourier transform vision.Pyramid Perform Gaussian pyramid decomposition Define New System Objects matlab.System Base class for System objects getDiscreteStateImpl Discrete state property values getNumInputsImpl Number of input arguments passed to step and setup methodsgetNumOutputsImpl Number of outputs returned by step method isInactivePropertyImpl Active or inactive flag for properties matlab.system.mixin.FiniteSource Finite source mixin class isDoneImplEnd-of-data flag processTunedPropertiesImpl Action when tunable properties change releaseImpl Release resources resetImplReset System object states setProperties Set property values from name-value pair inputs setupImpl Initialize System object stepImpl System output and state update equations matlab.system.StringSet Set of valid string values validateInputsImpl Validate inputs to step method validatePropertiesImpl Validate property valuesUtilitiesvision.ImagePadder Pad or crop input image along its rows, columns, or both