人教版八年级英语下册单元知识手册及练习题

八年级英语下册单元知识手册及练习 （分单元归纳总结，非常实用）Unit1 Whatt the matter ?1.What s the matter with you?你怎么了？= What s wrong with you?= Whats the trouble with you?I have a cold 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽have a sore back. 背痛have a sore throat 喉咙痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a toothache 牙痛have a headache 头痛2. lie down and rest 躺下来休息3. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶4. see a dentist 看牙医5. take one s temperature 量体温6. feel very hot 感到很热7. all weekend 整个周末8. in the same way 以同样的方式9. go to a doctor 看医生10. go along 沿着走11. on the side of the road 在马路边12. shout for help 大声呼救13. without thinking twice 没有多想without doing sth.没有做14. get off 下车 get on 上车15. have a heart problem 有心脏病16. to one s surprise 令某人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地17thanks to 幸亏，由于18. on time 准时/in time 及时19. save a life 挽救生命20. get into trouble 陷入困境be in trouble 处于困境中21. right away/at once 立刻；马上22. because of 因为23. get out of 离开;从出来24. hurt oneself 受伤24. fa ll down 摔倒25. feel sick 感到恶心26. have problems breathing 呼吸困难27. mountain climbing 登山运动28. used to do sth 过去常常做某事29. be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事30. run out (of) 用完;用尽()31. so that 以便32. so. . . that 如此以至于24. be in control of 掌管;管理34. keep （on） doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事35. take risks 冒险36. give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做事37. see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth 看见某人做了、常做某事38. lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺39. 24-year-old 24 岁的40. agree with sb. 同意某人38. agree to do sth 同意做某事38. all the time 一直39. think about（doing sth.） 考虑(做)40. have trouble/problems/difficulties（in) doing sth 做某事有困难45 sick+ n. be sick /ill(ill adj illness n.“疾病”)because of illness 因为疾病46. be interested in(doing sth.)= take/have an interest in(doing sth.)对感兴趣47places of interest 名胜古迹48. (all) by oneself= alone 单独49. the importance of的重要性性50. decide to do sth 决定做某事=make a decision 做决定(to do sth.)make decisions (to do sth.)51.be the same as 与相同be different from 与.不同52.die v.死 death n. 死dead adj. 死的 dying adj.将死的because of his fathers death 因为他父亲的死Exercises:1Whats _ with you?A. trouble B. the matter C. the wrong D. matter2Tony, Whats _ matter with you? I have _ toothache.A. a; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /3. Id like a cup of black coffee. What about you? I like coffee _ sugar.A. with B. in C.on D. /4. You _ be quiet when you are in the reading room.A. should B. shouldnt C. can D. cant5You _ drive your car so fast. Its very dangerous.A. wouldnt B. shouldntC. couldnt D. mightnt6.Must I finish my homework now?No, you _. You can go home now.A. neednt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. cant7. _ a teacher, Mr. Wang thinks its very important to teach the students how to learn.A. From B. With C. As D. Of8. My parents_getting up early on weekdays.A. used to B. be used toC. was used to D. are used to9. She_live with her grandparents ,but she doesnt now.A. used to B. is used to C. was used to10. She _ live alone. But she _ living alone because she feels lonely.A. used to; doesnt used toB. is used to; was used toC. used to; is not used toD. was used to; doesnt used to11.My grandpa is used to_(live)in country.12.Dont forget to take your bagwhen you _ the bus.A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off 13. _his surprise, she did it all by herself.A. At B. To C. In D. On14. _ her husband，she became a famousmovie star.A. Because B. Thanks toC. Thanks for D. With the help15.Tom didnt go to school _ this morning because he stayed up late.A. at once B. on time C. in time D. right away 16.The problem is so difficult for you,but dont _.A. give it up B. give it outC. give up it D. give out it17.The _ girl was in hospital yesterday.A. sick B. ill C. good D. well18 . This book is very _ and I am _ in it. A. interest; interestB. interesting; interestedC. interested; interestedD. interested; interested19.I think her_(ill) is very serious. 20.Anyone can see the _(important)of good health.21.Tom make a _(decide) tolearn English well.22.Because of his mothers _(die) ,Tom was very sadUnit2 Ill help to clean the city parks. 1.cheer up 使高兴 fix up 修理 put up 张贴call up 打电话 clean up 打扫干净 set up 建立give up (doing sth.)放弃2put off 推迟 cut off 切除3 give away 捐赠，赠送 put away 收拾好4 run out of 用光 get out of 从出来5 take after 像（be similar to 与.相似）look after 照顾 look up （在字典中）查找6. ome up with 想出=think of /think up6. give out/hand out 分发6. try out 参加选拔7. make a difference to 对产生影响8. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事11. put off (doing sth.) 推迟做11. 动词不定式用法小结：(1)作宾语。would like to do sth.常见动词有,want, help, learn, hope, decide, volunteer,expect (2). 作宾语补足语。ask sb. to do sth.常见动词有 ask, help,want, tell, invite,expect(3). 作目的状语 “为了，目的是”e.g. To get a good job, we must work hard.=We must work hard to get a good job.(4). 作后置定语。e.g. Reading is a good way to learn English.(5).“疑问词 +不定式” 做宾语。I dont know what to do. Please tell me how to do it. 13. feel lonely 感到孤独（指内心）live alone 独自居住 （指周围没别人）14. alone 独自= (all ) by oneself15. raise money for homeless people为无家可归的人筹钱16. give out food 分发食物17. put up signs 张贴标志18. the feeling of satisfaction 满足感19. the look of joy 愉快的表情16. the owner of the shop 店主17. be excited about 对感到兴奋16. because of kindness 因为善良17. help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难18. at the age of four 在四岁时=when he was four years old25. at the same time 同时26. less lucky 更不幸运的27. worry about =be worried about 担心28. stop doing sth 停止做stop to do sth.停下来去做 29.in their free time 在他们的空闲时间30. use hands easily 容易地使用手31. at once =right away 立刻，马上30. a friend of mine =one of my friends 我的一位朋友 33.have difficulties/ trouble/ problems(in) doing sth. 34.be able to do sth. 能做某事be unable to do sth.不能做某事35. best wishes 最好的祝福36. send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.寄、发送给某人某物37.the idea of 的注意38.plan to do sth.=make plans to do sth.计划做. 39.some interests 一些兴趣places of interest 名胜古迹40. interest sb.使某人感兴趣40. be interested in对.感兴趣an interesting job.一份有趣的工作42.feel v.感觉feeling n. 感受own v.拥有 adj 自己的-owner 物主break v.弄坏-broken adj 坏了的difference n.（可数）不同之处-different adj.不同的 difficulty n.(可数)困难-difficult adj.困难的train v.训练/n.火车-training n. 训练kind adj-友善的-kindness 善良interest v.使.感兴趣 n.（可数）兴趣Exercises:1. My computer is broken. I need _.Why not ask Tom_ for you?A. repaired; to fix up itB. repairs; fix up itC. to repair it; to fix it upD. repairing; fix it up2. I _all my money last week.A. ran out B. run out C. run out of D. ran out of3. Can you give me a hand?I want to_the map on the wall.A. put up B. look up C. set up D. mix up4. Your glasses are under the bed. Please _.A. put away them B. put it awayC. put them away D. put away it5. Mike _ lots of money to the disabled people _. A. gave out; help them outB. gave away; to help them outC. put out; to help them outD. gave away; to help out them6. I fixed up the bikes and _A. give them away B. give them offC. gave them away D. give off them7. They need to come_ a good idea.A. on with B. up to C. on to D. up with8. Dont put off _ to the doctor whenyou are ill.A. go B. to go C. going D. gone9.Jim takes_ his father.- You mean he is similar _his father?A. for; as B. to withC after; to D. away; from10. Nancy _ a bus to school, but now he ridesa bike.A. is used to taking B. was used to takeC used to take D. used to taking11.Bob used to _in the countryside .But now he is used to _ in the big city .A live ; live B live; livingC. living ; living D living , live12. The driver saw an old man _ on the side of the road . A lie B.lay C lying D. to lie13. Our parents often tell us not_ alone in the river. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam12. This is _ house. Im the _ of the house.A. myself; owner B, my own; ownerC. owner; own D. myself; own15. After training hard, they made _possible to win the game.A.this B that C. it D. one16.The old man lives alone ,but he doesntfeel l_.17.Giner is sad ,I want to tell her a storyto c_ her up.18.Thank you for your k_，I can finish the work on time.19.I was so _(激动) that I couldnt say anything. 20.Do you have _(困难) finishing the workon time?21. My bike is _(损坏的) ,I will fix it up.22. At last , he _(理解) what I said.21. We need to keep on _(study) English hard.22. We cant put off _(make) plans. .25. He _(get ) off and helpedthe blind man cross the road .26._(thank ) to the passengers ,the doctors saved the man in time .27. Did Mary cut _(she) ? Yes , she did .27. To _(he) surprise , he won in the end. .28. Doctors often tell us_(drink)more water every day.30.We need time _ ( exercise )at school.31. He was not ready _(die) that day .Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 语法：Could you please （not）+ do sth.？表示委婉地提出请求 Could you please clean your room?Yes, I can./Yes, sure./ Of course/ No problem.Could you please do the dishes?No, I cant. /Sorry，I have to do my homework.I have a headache.Im very busy.Could I do sth. ?委婉的请求许可（Could/would 引导委婉客气的 一般疑问句，句中 用 some /something）1 。叠衣服 fold the clothes2 。洗餐具 do the dishes3 。倒垃圾 take out the rubbish4 。整理床铺 make the bed/make ones bed5 。扫地 sweep the floor6 。呆在外面晚点儿 stay out late7 。熬夜 stay up (late)8 。打扫客厅 clean the living room9 。从事，忙于 work on10 。搭车 get a ride11 。外出吃晚餐 go out for dinner12 。帮助做几件事 help out with a few things13 。至少 at least14 。做完某事 finish doing sth.15 。随时 any minute16 。生某人得气 be angry with sb17 。放学回家 come home from school18 。扔下 throw down19 。坐下 sit down20 。走过来,顺便拜访 come over21 。带狗散步 take the dog for a walk22 。一直 all the time23 。整天 all day24 。一就. as soon as（具有主将从先原则）25 。吃惊地 in surprise26 。喝的东西 something to drink27 。闲逛 hand out28 。尽力（不）做某事 try (not) to do sth.1. 使它变湿 get it wet2. 递给某人某物 pass sb. sth. /pass sth. to sb. 31.做家务 do chores/do housework32. 讨厌做某事 hate to do sth./hate doing sth.33. 买些饮料和小吃 buy some drinks and snacks34. 邀请我的朋友参加聚会 invite my friends to a party 35。 邀请某人去某处 invite sb. to spl.36 。邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth.36 请你可以（不）做吗？Could you please (not) to do sth?38. make sb. do sth. ; make sb./sth. adj39. a waste of. 浪费 .40. have time to do sth.41. spend time/money on sth.;spend time/money (in) doing sth.42.“以便，为了”in order to do sth.=so that 从句43.对于某人做某事没必要there is no need for sb. to do sth.44. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.45. 为某人提供某物provide sth for sb /provide sb with sth46.“越。 就越。 ”the 比较级+从句， the 比较级+从句。47. Its adj. (for sb.) to do sth.47. depend on 依赖，依靠；取决于47 。 be always doing sth.总是做某事48 。developing countries 发展中的国家developed countries 发达的国家51. the idea of fairness 公正性想法52. keep it clean and tidy53。I have no idea.=I dont know.54. fall ill 生病56。照顾（好）take (good) care of/look after (well) / care for .(well)57. as a result 结果58。lend “借出”“把某物借给某人”lend sth to sb / lend sb. sth.borrow“借入”“向某人借某物”borrow sth from sbkeep “保管”与一段时间的时间状语连用(for +一段时间时间； How long.?)59 。我也没干 neither did I60 。（1）neither “两者都不，两者中没有一个”我们两个都没有 neither of us （谓语动词用单数）（2）既不.也不. neither.nor.（连接并列主语-谓语动词采取就近原则。）（3）neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人也不是如此”So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人也是如此”（前后应使用同类动词且应时态一致 ）61 surprising. /surprised adj.be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶be surprised + that 从句 因.而惊讶be surprised at 对感到吃惊surprise（V.） sb 使某人吃惊Eg: The bad news surprised me.to ones surprise(n.) 使某人吃惊的是in surprise(n.) 吃惊地62Learn how to do chores.Teach how to look after themslves.Have no idea how to take care of himself.宾语可由：“疑问词+ 不定式” 构成63independence “n” 独立性 - independent “adj”独立的 fairness “n” 公正性-fair “adj”公正的/unfair 不公正的Exercises:1.Could you _ (叠) your clotheswhen you were five?2. Father usually does the _(洗餐具)after meal at home.4. When you finish _(打扫) the floor,you can go home.4. The boy _(不喜欢) eating rice all the time.5. Mrs. Black always _(带) her dog for a walkafter supper.6. Peter gets bad grades every time because heplays computer games _(总是，一直)after school.7. He was afraid of losing his _(独立性).8. We should not _(扔) rubbisheverywhere in order to provide a clean environment.9. Young people _ (依靠)their parents too much.10. What a _(杂乱，不整洁)！I cant stand it.11.-Could I use your computer?-No, you _. I have to _ it.A.could, working on B. can, work onC. couldnt, work on D. cant, work on12. -Could you buy _ useful books for her?-Sorry, but I dont have _ moneyA.some, any B. any, anyC. some, some D. any, some13My room is very clean ._.A.So is his B. So his isC. So does his D. So his does14. -Peter doesnt know many people here. -_.A. So do I B. So am IC. Neither am I D. Neither do I15. _ get the early bus,Mr. Green gets up at 6 oclock every day.A. So that B. In order thatC. In order to D. As soon as16.He came into the classroom and look at me_ surprise.A. at B. to C. in D. on17. Could you _ me your dictionary?I want to find the meaning of this new word.A. keep B. lent C. borrow D. lend18. -May I_ your bike?-Certainly, but you mustnt_ it to others.A. lend; lend B.borrow; lendC.borrow; borrow D. lend;borrow19. -How long may I _ your bike?-For a week. But you mustnt _ itto others.A.borrow, lend B. keep, lendC. lend, borrow D. keep, borrow20. He often borrows money _others,but he nevergives bick.A.to B.from C.in D. for21. Dear students, please read every sentence carefully._ you are, _ mistakes youll make.A. The more carefully, the fewerA. The more careful, the lessB. The more carefully, the lessC. The more carful, the fewer22.Neither he nor I _a doctor.A.am B.are C.is D.beUnit4 Why dont you talk to your parents?1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。allow doing sth 允许做某事。allow sth 允许某事。2.get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架have a fight with sb. / fight with sb.3. notuntil直到才4. Why dont you do sth.?=Why not do sth. ?5. （1）find sb doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事find sb do sth 发现某人做了、常做某事 (hear/see/notice 有以上相同的用法。) （2）find sb./sth. adj.6.look through 浏览 look around 到处看look up (字典中)查找 look out 小心；向外看look after 照顾；照看7.give back 、return 归还give sth back (to sb)= return sth (to sb) /return (sb) sth“把某物归还给某人”8.return 回来；返回return to spl.= come/get back to spl. “回到某处”= go back to spl. “返回某处”9. write (a letter ) to sb.=write sb. a letter给某人写信10. be good at (doing sth.)擅长=do well in (doing sth.) 在某方面做得好be good for 对-有益be good with 与-相处得好be nice/good to sb.对某人好11. refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事12. get on /along (well ) with sb与某人相处(地好)get on /along （well） with sth.某事进展(顺利)13. argue with sb 与某人争吵13. instead “反而，代替”（用在句首后加逗号/句尾）instead of sb./sth./doing sth “代替,而不是.”15. communicate with sb.与某人交流16. offer to do sth. 提出做某事offer sb sth /offer sth to sb 提供给某人某物（=provide sth for sb 或 provide sb with sth ）17. clear “adj” 清楚的，清晰的“adj” clearly 清楚地，清晰地17. explain to sb. 向某人解释18. Dont be nervous. 不要紧张feel/be/get nervous about. 对感到紧张be nervous to do sth. 做某事紧张20. 最好（不）做某事 had better (not) do sth.21. 依看 in ones opinion22. 上如此多的课外课程take so many after-school classes23. 进入好的高中 get into a good high school24. 泰勒一家人、泰勒夫妇 the Taylors某家人、某对夫妇（做主语是复数）the +姓氏复数25.删去他们的几种活动cut out a few of their activites26.notuntil直到才Eg：疲劳的孩子们直到下午七点后才到家 The tired children didnt get home until after 7：00 p.m. .27. 快速吃晚饭 have a quick dinner28. 这种压力 such stressso/ such 如此；这样 （区别）:（1） so adj./adv.（2） such (a/an) (adj.) n.（3） so much/many/few/little n.（4） so/such.that. 如此.以至29.继续做(另一件事) continue to do sth.继续做(同一件事) continue doing sth.30. 长大 get older= grow up31. 送他们的小孩去上各种各样的课send their small kids to all kinds of classes32. 逼她们的孩子很紧 push their kids so hard33. 太多的压力 too much pressure在压力下 be under pressure34. 甚至更重要 even more important35. 第一个做某事的人 be the first (one ) to do sth.36. 像平常一样 as usual37. tooto太.而不能.so.that如此以至于(so that 以便；为了)notenough to do sth.做某事不够pete kmpi:t V.竞争，比赛 - n. competition kmptnsuccess n. 成功 -adj. 成功的 successfultrain v.训练 - n. trainingdevelop v. 发展-n. developmentExercises:1. In some families, _（compete) starts very young and continues until the kids get older.2. Many parents are always _ (compare) their kinds with other children. 3.Jack has to go to baseball_(train) after school every day.4. Too much pressure is not good for a childs_ (develop)5. Mother cooked breakfast for me as _ (usually) ,although she is ill. 6.Dont_（push) that door .Its broken.7.What he said_（cause）a lot of problems. That made others unhappy. 8.Mr.chen is a_(type) good teacher .He loves his students and teaches well. 9.Jack went to school at 9 clock yesterday.(改为同义句）Jack_go to school _9 oclock yesterday.10.You should write him a letter. (改为同义句） You should_ _ 11.The boy is too young to go to school.(改为同义句）The boy is_ young _he cant go to school.12.Some children are practicing sports. They can compete and win.(合并 为一句） Some children are practicing sports_ _ they can compete and win . 13. To have too much pressure is not good for a child .(改为同义句）_not good for a child _ _too much pressure.Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?1. 在暴风雨时 at the time of the rainstorm2. 等待某人、某物 wait for sb./sth.3. 过去进行时态 “表示过去.某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作”。结构 : was/ were+ 动词-ing标志：过去具体某一时刻当暴风雨来临时 when the rainstorm came在昨天的这个时候 at this time yesterday在那时 at that time/at that moment在昨晚九点 at 9:00 last night.4. wake up 醒来；弄醒，唤醒 wake-woke5. run to跑向 run-ran6. 开始做begin/start to do sth. ； begin/start doing sth.4. 下大雨 rain heavily heavy rain 大雨（雨大、雪大用 heavyheavily）大风 strong wind （风大用 strong-strongly）8. pick up 捡起；拾起 用车接送 （3） 接电话9. either （1）否定句末“也”（2）代词 “两者中的(一个)”（3）either.or或者 或者;要么要么10. 过去某事正在进行过程中发生另一件了某事When 从句一般过去时，主句过去进行时。While 从句过去进行时，主句一般过去时。两个动作同时发生While 从句进行时，主句进行时。11. （1）report that 从句 v “报道”（2） report 可数 n make a report “做报告”（3） reporter n.“记者”12. （1）wood 不可数 n “木头”a piece of wood“一块木头”(2)wood 可数 n “树林”13.确保，确定make sure （that） 从句;make sure of sth.;make sure to do sth.14. beat against the windows 敲打窗户beat sb.打败某人 (beat过去式 beat)be against sth./doing sth. 反对play against 与.对抗15. 外面没光亮 with no light outside16. 感觉像 feel like 17.在那个地区 in the area18.几块木头 pieces of wood 19.确保，确定 make sure20. 敲打窗户 beat against the windows21. 首先 at first 22.入睡 fall asleep23.逐渐变弱 die down 24.醒来 wake up25.一团糟 in a mess 26.倒下的树 fallen trees27.坏了的窗户 broken windows 28.打扫 clean up29. 火柴 matches30. 听说. hear of/about.收到某人来信 hear from sb.31. 历史上重要事件的新闻the news of important events in history32.在这一天 on this day 33.被杀 was killed34.超出，多于 over/more than.35.在那时 at that time36. 通过广播 on the radio37. 被完全震惊 were completely shocked38. 剩余的 the rest of36. 他经常沉默 He is often in silence(n).He is often silent(adj.).40. 更近些 more recently41. 被恐怖分子摧毁 was taken down by terrorists42 记得曾经做过某事.(做过) remember doing sth记住去做某事（没做）