小学英语语法入门.doc

小学英语语法入门（一）接数字要大写首字母的单词有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母，并且数字的首字母也要大写，这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number等。如LessonOne第一课，ClassTwo,GradeThree三年级二班，TeamFour第四组，NumberFive第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。Be动词的一般用法be动词包括am、is、are, 其用法如下：1.am只用于I的后面，如：Iamagirl. Iamten.2.is只用于she/he/it或其他单数第三人称后面，如：Itisabigapple.Agirlisinabus.(agirl一个女孩，单独一个人是单数第三人称)MikeisinTeamThree.(Mike一个人名是单数第三人称)Anappleisinabox.(anapple一个苹果，一个东西是单数第三人称)Abookisinadesk.(abook一本书，也是单数第三人称)3.are只用于you、we、they或复数人称后面。如：YouareNumberThirteen.TheyareinGradeNine.Weareathome.Mikeandagirlareinabus.(Mike和一个女孩指的是两个人，是复数人称)SixboysareinTeamSix.（Sixboys六个男孩，多于两个人也是复数人称）Abookandaboxareonadesk.（Abookandabox一本书和一个盒子，两个物是复数人称）Threepencilsareinthepencil-box.（Threepencils三支铅笔，多于两个物也是复数人称）如何变一般疑问句（一）1.提前原句中的be动词is、are，Be动词首字母要大写，原句首字母恢复小写，照抄剩余部分，然后加问号。举例如下： TomisinGradeOne.IsTominGradeOne?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.ThisisaneggIsthisanegg?Yes,itis./No,itisnt.(anegg是物，所以用it来回答)ThatisRoseIsthatRose?Yes,sheis./No,sheisnt.（Rose是女孩，所以用she回答） ThisisTomIsthisTom?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.（Tom是男孩，所以用he回答） TheyareinClassNine.AretheyinClassNine?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent. Acatandadogareonthefloor.Areacatandadogonthefloor?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent. Manybirdsareflyinginthesky.Aremanybirdsflyinginthesky?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent.2.提前情态动词can，举例如下： Shecanspellclock.Canshespellclock?Yes,shecan./No,shecant. Maxcansaythenumbers.CanMaxsaythenumbers?Yes,hecan./No,hecant. TheycanspeakverygoodEnglish.CantheyspeakverygoodEnglish?Yes,theycan./No,theycant.如何变一般疑问句（二）变一般疑问句，所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称（特殊除外）。即：I(me)you,we(us)you,am are,my your,mine yours.1.IamNumberSix.AreyouNumberSix?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.2.WeareinTeamFour.AreyouinTeamFour?Yes,weare./No,wearent.3.Thisismy classroom.Isthisyour lassroom?Yes,itis./No,itisnt.练习：变一般疑问句1.Weareinthesamegrade.2.IaminClassSix.3.Thatismysister.练习：变一般疑问句并作两种回答1.Eveisinabus.2.Thisisanorange.3.ThatisMrsZhang.4.ThisisMrHu.5.Katecanrideabike.6.Tomandagirlareintheclassroom.7.TheyareJapanese.8.LucyandLilycanspeakChinese.如何变一般疑问句（三）一、如果句中谓语动词是have/hasgot，则提前have/has。（注意：有some要改成any,有第一人称要改成第二人称，有第二人称要改成第一人称。）1.Ivegotaknife.Haveyougotaknife?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.2.Tomsgotsomegoodfriends.HasTomgotany goodfriends?Yes,hehas./No,hehasnt.练习一：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1.SimonsgotsomepostcardsfromMexico.2.Laurasgotaviolin.3.Ivegotapiano.4.Shesgotaknifeandforkandchopsticks.二、如果句中谓语动词是动词原形，则在句首加do；如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数，则在句首加does，原动词第三人称单数恢复原形；如果句中谓语动词是过去式，则在句首加did，原动词过去式恢复原形。1.IoftensingsongsonFlagDay.DoyouoftensingsongsonFlagDay?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.2.KatealwayshasEasterEggsonEaster.DoesKatealwayshaveEasterEggsonEaster?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.3.WeatezongzilastDragonBoatFestival.DidyoueatzongzilastDragonBoatFestival?Yes,wedid./No,wedidnt.4.Imeatingdeliciousmooncakesnow.Areyoueatingdeliciousmooncakesnow?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.5.FatherChristmasoftengivesyoupresentsonChristmas.DoesFatherChristmasoftengiveuspresentsonChristmas?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.练习二：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1.Isometimesgetupat6:00.2.RoseneverdancesonHalloween.3.TheywatchedabigfootballgamelastThanksgiving.4.TomandMikeareswimminginthelake.5.SantaClausalwaysgivesyoupresentsonChristmas.变特殊疑问句一般分三步：第一步：根据划线部分确定疑问词。第二步：将原句变成一般疑问句。第三步：去掉划线部分，并加问号。三步当中以第一步最难确定，现总结如下：如何变特殊疑问句（一）1.对姓名提问用What，例如 HisnameisMax.Whats/Whatishisname? HernameisRose.Whats/Whatishername?2.对物提问用What，例如 Itisabanana.Whats/Whatisit? Thisisapear.Whats/Whatisthis? Thatisachick.Whats/Whatisthat?3.对年级提问用Whatgrade，例如 TomisinGradeSix.WhatgradeisTomin? SheisinGradeNine.Whatgradeisshein?练习：变特殊疑问句1.Thatisabag.2.HisnameisSam.3.Thisisablackboard.4.AmyisinGradeEight.5.HeisinGradeSeven.如何变特殊疑问句（二）1.对班级提问用Whatclass TomisinClassOne,GradeTwo.WhatclassisTomin? IaminClassSix,GradeThree.Whatclassareyouin? WeareinClassFour,GradeSix.Whatclassareyouin?2.对组、队提问用Whatteam IaminTeamNine.Whatteamareyouin? WeareinTeamTen.Whatteamareyouin? LinglingisinTeamEleven.WhatteamisLinglingin?练习：变特殊疑问句1.DamingisinTeamTwelve.2.IminClassSix,GradeNine.3.WeareinTeamFive.选择疑问句选择疑问句是由一般疑问句+or+其他构成的供选择的句子。1. Isthisapenorapencil?Itsapen.2.AreyouEnglishorAmerican?ImanAmerican.(注意：1，择疑问句or前面的单词要读声调，or后面的要读降调。2，择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，只能在or前后选择。)练习：将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答1.AreyouinClassOne?(ClassTwo)2.CanyouspeakChinese?(Japanese)3.Doyoulikeplayingbasketball?(football)4.Wouldyoulikesomemilk?(somejuice)5.IsheTom?(Sam)如何变特殊疑问句（三）1.对人提问用Who，对人名提问用what(一句话中有单词name，并在name下划线，疑问词就要用What；如果没有单词name，并在人名下划线，疑问词就要用Who。) SheisKate.Whoisshe?HernameisKate.Whatishername? ThisboyisJim.Whoisthisboy?HisnameisJim.Whatishisname?ThatwomanisMsSmart.Whoisthatwoman?HernameisMsSmart.Whatishername?2.对年龄提问用Howold.Sheisnine.Howoldisshe?.Eveisten.HowoldisEve?3.对排、行提问用Whatrow.MikeisinRowNine.WhatrowisMikein?.HeisinRowFive.Whatrowishein?.IminRowFour.Whatrowareyouin?4.对地点提问用Where.Mikeisonthehill.WhereisMike?.Thecatisinthebox.Whereisthecat?.Apearisonthechair.Whereisthepear?(上句出现a，下句用the特指)练习：变特殊疑问句1.Coyisinabus.2.LauraisinRowFive.3.Roseistwelve.4.ThegirlisLucy.5.Iamatschool.6.ThatmanisMrHu.7.Imtwenty.8.Awomanisintheroom.9.HernameisLucy.10.IamMrWang.如何变特殊疑问句（四）一.对长度提问用Howlong1.TheGreatWallisthousandsofkilometers.HowlongistheGreatWall?2.TheChangjiangRiverisabouttwelvethousandLilong.HowlongistheChangjiangRiver?二.对人口数量提问用Howbigis+地名？1.Beijinghasgotabout14millionpeople.HowbigisBeijing?2.NewYorkhasgot8millionpeople.HowbigisNewYork?练习：1.TheYellowRiverisabout5thousand4hundredkilometerslong.2.Shanghaihasgotabout17millionpeople.3.Heilongjiangisaboutfourthousandthreehundredkilometerslong.4.SanFranciscohasgotabouteighthundredthousandpeople.如何变特殊疑问句（五）一、对时间提问用When。1.ChristmasisonDecember25thWhenisChristmas?2.AprilFoolsDayisonApril1stWhenisAprilFoolsDay?练习一：对划线部分提问1.HalloweenisonOctober31st.2.EasterSundayisonthefirstSundayafterApril21st.3.ChildrensDayisonJune1st.4.ThanksgivingisonthefourthThursdayinNovember.二、对数量提问用Howmany+可数名词复数或Howmuch+不可数名词。1.Icanseethreebirdsinthesky.Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthesky?2.Ivegottwobrothers.Howmanybrothershaveyougot?3.Therearetwenty-sixgirlsinClassFour.HowmanygirlsarethereinClass4?4.Thereissomebreadinthebag.Howmuchbreadisthereinthebag?5.Shesgotalotofapples.Howmanyappleshasshegot?练习二：对划线部分提问1.Therearethirty-threeboysinGrade9.2.Ivegotlotsoftoys.3.Thereissomejuiceinthebottle.4.Hesgotalotofstamps.5.Icanseemanymonkeysinthezoo.6.TherearelotsoffestivalsinAmerica.三、对所做事情提问用What。（注意：如果划线部分是动词原形、第三人称单数或过去式，都要用do替代划线部分；如果划线部分是动词现在分词，则用doing替代划线部分。）1.WecarryflagsonFlagDay.WhatdoyoudoonFlagDay?2.HehasaspecialmealontheSpringFestival.WhatdoeshedoontheSpringFestival?3.Sheissingingsongsnow.Whatisshedoingnow?4.Thecatateabirdlastnight.Whatdidthecatdolastnight?练习三：对划线部分提问1.TheyoftenwatchTVonSaturdays.2.Implayingcomputergamesnow.3.ShegoestoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.4.IvisitedmyrelativeslastSpringFestival.5.Weareseeingthedragondance.6.HeatelotsofmooncakeslastMid-autumnDay.7.WeseelanternsonLanternFestival.8.WeeatjiaozionSpringFestival.9.Wesay“Thankyou.”onThanksgiving.10.TheygiveEasterEggstoeachothersonEaster.四、对职业提问用Whatbe+sb?/Whatssbsjob?/Whatdo(es)sbdo?1. Sheisateacher.Whatisshe?/Whatsherjob?/Whatdoesshedo?2.Imadoctor.Whatareyou?/Whatsyourjob?/Whatdoyoudo?练习四：对划线部分提问1.Lilyisastudent.2.MrSmartisadriver.3.Wearepupils.4.Theyareteachers.英语中的打电话英语中的打电话，通常是接电话者自报号码，如Hello,89321204.我是XXX，不说Im，而说Thisis。你是XXX吗？不用Areyou？而说Isthat？你是谁？不用Whoareyou?而说Whosthat?人名+s的用法（一）1.人名+s是人名与is的缩写,表示XXX是。.Tomsathome.(Tom是在家).Katesinabus.（Kate是在公共汽车上）2.人名+s是名词所有格，表示XXX的。.Mikespenisinthepencil-box.（Mike的钢笔是在文具盒里）.CoyshomeisinEngland.（Coy的家是在England）3.人名+s是人名与has的缩写，表示XXX有。.Simons got abigbag. (Simon有一个大书包。).Lilysgotabrotherandtwosisters.(Lily有一个哥哥和两个妹妹。)练习：翻译下列句子1.Tomsdadisathome.2.Jimsathometoday.3.ImJimsdad.4.Evesonahill.5.LiLeisgotapetdog.6.Katesinabus.7.Mikespenisinthepencil-box.8.CoyshomeisinEngland.9.Lucysgotagoodfather.10.Tomsathome.小学英语语法入门（二）名词复数一、规则变化：1.一般在名词词尾加s，如：adesk twodesks, anapple threeapples2.以s、x结尾的在名词词尾加es，如：abox fourboxes, abus fivebuses二、名词复数的读音1.加在清辅音后面的s发s，如：deskdesks,mapmaps2.加在浊辅音后面的s发z，如：eggeggs,girlgirls3.加在元音后面的s发，如：carcars,treetrees4.加在s、x后的es发 ，如：busbuses, boxboxes5.加在 音素后与其合发 ，如：catcats6.加在 音素后与其合发 ，如：bedbeds7.加在 音素后发 ，如：orangeoranges练习：将下列名词变复数并标注所加的s或es的发音cake desk jeep book map bike clock cup girl lesson apple egg pen pencileraser boy tree picture ruler car dress fox bus box boat cat friend bird orange 三、不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese代词(一)人称代词主格你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you I he she it you we they人称代词宾格你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you me him her it you us them形容词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 your my his her its your our their名词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 yours mine his hers its yours ours theirs1.人称代词主格用在动词前，做动作的执行者，在句中作主语。I look.Hecanseeabird.They haveagoodteacher.2.人称代词宾格用在动词或介词后，做动作的承受者，在句中作宾语。Lookatme,please.Icanseeherinthebus.Pleaseaskthem3.形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，主要用在名词前修饰、限制名词，但是不可单独使用。Thisismy friend.Thatsyourorange.Her nameisRose.MissLiisour teacher.Thosearetheirbananas.4.名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，可用于动词前或动词后，可单独使用。Thisismydesk.=ThisdeskismineA:Thosearetheirapples.Whereareours?B:Yoursareinthebox.练习一：完成下表人称代词主格：你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他（它）（她）们人称代词宾格：你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他（它）（她）们名词性物主代词：我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她）（它）们的练习二：根据汉语提示完成下列各题1. sing, danceallday.Thisis life.(我)2. isEnglish. nameisJack.(他)3. isRoseandthisis desk., Thatchairis ,too.(她)4. askme,Iask .(他们)5.can rideabike?Thisis bike.Thatbikeisnt .(你)6. isacat. nameisTam.Canyousee inthepicture?(它)7.Lookat ,please. areChinese.MissLiis Englishteacher.(我们)hundred、thousand、million、billion当hundred、thousand、million、billion前面有具体数量词的时候，它们是数量词，没有复数变化，如:athousand,threethousand,eightmillion等；当它们前面没有具体的数量词时，则它们是名词，总以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，但不确定，一定要与介词of构成短语之后才能修饰名词,如：hundredsofboys数百男孩，thousandsofbirds数千只鸟，millionsofpeople数百万人，IfIhadbillionsandbillionsofdollars（数十亿美元）,Iwillbuyyoueverythingyouwant.butthatsimpossible.haha.练习：选择正确答案1.Thereare volunteersinBeijing2008OlympicGames.A.tenmillions B.tenmillionsof C.millionsof D.millionof2.Many treesshouldbeplantedonthemountains.A.thousand B.thousandof C.thousands D.thousandsof3.Morethanfive_peoplearethere.A.thousands B.thousand C.thousandsof4.-HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingfortheOlympicGamesin2008?-Itshardtosay._people,Ithink.A.Millionof B.Millionsof C.Twomillionsof D.Twomillionof基数词基数词是表示数量的词，如下：one two three four five .Hundred thousand million1.几十几用整十加连字符“-”再加几，如：34：thirty-four98：ninety-eight2.几百几十几用几百and几十几，如：112：ahundredandtwelve375：threehundredandseventy-five序数词1.序数词是表示顺序的词，如下：first第一，second第二，third 第三，fourth 第四.2.基数词变序数词，一般都在基数词词尾加th，其规律如下：一二三要全变，（onefirst，twosecond，threethird）其余将th加后边，（fourfourth，fifty-sevenfifty-seventh）th变化有特例，（如下）八减t，（eighteighth）九去e，（nineninth）ty改成tie，（twenty twentieth，ninety ninetieth）ve变f再加th。（fivefifth，twelvetwelfth）基数词变序数词记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty将y变成i，th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序小学英语语法入门（三）方位名词与方位介词1.方位名词Nmeansnorth,Smeanssouth,WmeanswestandEmeanseast.NEmeansnortheast,SEmeanssoutheast,NWmeansnorthwestandSWmeanssouthwest.mean代表，意思是north北south南west西east东2.方位介词：包含in，接壤on，相望to.BisinthenorthofA.(B在A的北部).CisinthewestofA.(C在A的西部).FisonthenorthofA.(F在的北边).IisonthesouthofG.(在的南边).GistothewestofA.(在的西边).HistotheeastofA.(在的东边)练习一：翻译下列句子 北京在中国的北部。2.上海在中国的东部。3.旧金山在美国的西部。4.海南在中国的南部。5.日本在中国的东边。6.Russia（俄罗斯）在中国的北边。练习二：看右图，用正确的方位名词或方位介词填空。1.Eis the southof A.2.Dis inthe of A.3.Gis thenorthofI.4.Gis thewestofC.5.Jis thenortheastofA.Therebe句型一、Therebe+sb（某人）/sth（某物）+someplace（某处），表示在某地有某人或某物。当be后是单数名词时，be用is，后面是复数名词时be用are。1.Thereisabirdinthetree.(在树上有一只鸟。)2.Thereisabookonthedesk.(在桌子上有一本书。)3.Therearetwoboysonthehill.(在山上有两个男孩。)练习一：仿照例句翻译下列句子1.Thereisapencilinthepencil-box.2.Therearesomefootballsontheplayground.3.在桌子里有一个书包。4.在椅子上有一个茶杯。5.在六年二班有27个女孩。二、Therebe+sb/sth+doing+someplace.表示有某人或某物正在某地做某事。1.Thereisamanswimmingintheriver.(有一个男人正在河里游泳。)2.Therearesomepeopleridingbicycles.(有一些人正在骑自行车。)练习二：翻译下列句子1.Thereisagirlreadingabookunderthetree.2.Thereisawomanlisteningtomusic.3.Therearetwoteacherstalkingintheoffice.4.Thereisamansittingonthechair.三、Therebe句型变一般疑问句，只需要提前be，但有some要改成any。1.Therearesomepearsinthebag.Arethereanypearsinthebag?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.2.ThereisadogplayingwithCoy.IsthereadogplayingwithCoy?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.练习三：变一般疑问句并作两种回答1.ThereisaChinatowninAmerica.2.ThereissomewaterinMars.3.Therearesomeorangesinyourbag.四、对此句型中的人提问用Whos+someplace?对物提问用Whats+someplace?（注意：不论原句中be动词是单数还是复数，对人对物提问一律用is）1.Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.Whosintheroom?2.Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Whatsinthetree?练习四：变特殊疑问句1.ThereisamantalkingtoMrLi.2.Therearesomebooksinmybag.3.Thereisapostcardonthedesk.4.Therearesomepeopletalkingunderthetree.五、对地点提问用Where+is/are+sb/sth?1Therearetwoboysintheclassroom.Wherearethetwoboys?2.Thereisacatonthebed.Whereisthecat?(注意：对地点提问时be动词要和原句保持一致。原句中人或物如果是复数，变特殊疑问句时要在数字前加the，如果是单数要把a/an改成the,如果有some，lotsof，alotof，many等都要改成the。)练习五：变特殊疑问句1.Thereisanorangeonthechair.2.Therearefourgirlsintheclassroom.3.Thereisawomaninthebus.4.ThereareaChinatowninAmerica.5.Therearelotsofboysandgirlsontheplayground.小学英语语法入门（四）一、动词的现在分词变化动词的现在分词变化规则如下：1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping练习、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。在小学与初中阶段现在进行时常会伴随这样的标志词：Look！Listen!Now.1现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词现在分词（doing）.Look!Sheisdancingintheclassroom.Listen!Roseissinging.Nowwearedoingourhomework.2现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。.Iamnotrunningnow.Imriding.Theyarentplayingtheviolin.Theyareplayingtheguitar.3现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。.Tomislisteningtomusic.IsTomlisteningtomusic?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.Theyarewalkinginthepark.Aretheywalkinginthepark?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent.IamhavingmyPElesson.AreyouhavingyourPElesson?Yes,Iam/No,Imnot.WearewatchingTVathome.AreyouwatchingTVathome?Yes,weare./No,wearent.练习一：用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy (draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls (sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What you (do)now?5.Look.They (have)anEnglishlesson.6.They (not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!Thegirls (dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She (listen)tomusic.9.Its5oclocknow.We (have)suppernow.10. Helen (wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.练习二：句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3Implayingthefootballontheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)4Tomisreadingbooks.(对划线部分进行提问)二、动词的第三人称单数变化1. 一般在动词词尾加s，Collect collects play plays2.以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es，miss misses watch watches g