高考英语语法复习专题

2012高考英语语法复习专题高考英语语法复习专题 The Subjunctive Mood2011-11-23 一虚拟语气概述：一虚拟语气概述：二考点整合，技法点拨。二考点整合，技法点拨。1 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气。非真实条件句中的虚拟语气。2 名词性从句中的虚拟语气。名词性从句中的虚拟语气。3 特殊句型中的虚拟语气。特殊句型中的虚拟语气。三三.虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。四四.失误清单失误清单,深度剖析深度剖析 五五.高考连接巩固练习高考连接巩固练习 六六.小结小结 七七.作业作业本节课复习要点本节课复习要点1）概念概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。一虚拟语气概述一虚拟语气概述意义if 从句中的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式（were）Would/could/should/might+do.（原）与过去事实相与过去事实相反反had doneWould/could/should/might+have+done与将来事实相反1.did2.should+do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+do考点考点1 虚拟语气在非真实条件状句中的应用。虚拟语气在非真实条件状句中的应用。二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。If the school bus driver_ more carefully,the 20 children_ in the accident last week.had driven would not have been killed肃庆阳肃庆阳 正宁幼儿园校车车祸正宁幼儿园校车车祸 20人死亡人死亡 Practice1Practice2 If we _ (have)time now,we _(read)it again.hadwould read2011福建卷）34.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution。I _ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended.【DWhat would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I would解析解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。（10陕西）4.If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken考点考点：考查虚拟语气。解析解析：根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。（10湖南）29.If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow 二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。在句型在句型“It is+形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词/名词名词+that”句型中，句型中，that 所引导的所引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用主语从句的谓语动词常用“should+do”结结构，构，should可以省略。可以省略。常用的形容词为常用的形容词为：necessary,important，strange,natural,essential,proper,desirable,surprising,vital表表示某事是示某事是“重要重要”，“奇怪奇怪”，“自然自然”，“必要必要”等意等意义。义。常用的过去分词为常用的过去分词为：demanded,required,desired,suggested,ordered,decided,requested,recommended等表示建议命令要求等的等表示建议命令要求等的过去分词。过去分词。常用的名词为常用的名词为：duty,pity,regret,no wonder,shame等等。例句例句1.Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2.Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。4.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be delayed.5.Its a pity that he(should)refuse to take part in the activities.二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。2）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。A:在表示建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,desire,insist),命令(order,command)等后面接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+do”结构，should可以省略。注意：注意：insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，用虚拟形式，即，即 should+do;Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事实。，表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。例句例句1)The teacher suggested that we(should)clean the blackboard after class.老师老师建建议议我们课后把黑板擦了。我们课后把黑板擦了。2)He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他他坚持要坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。3)He insisted that he was right and(should)be praised.二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。2）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。B:wish后面的宾语从句后面的宾语从句I wish I remembered the I wish I remembered the address.address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）I wish he had not left.I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrowI wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+that clausedid/were 对现在虚拟had done对过去过去虚拟would/might/could do 对将来将来虚拟B:wish后面的宾语从句虚拟语气形式后面的宾语从句虚拟语气形式二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。3）虚拟语气在表语和同位语从句中的用法。）虚拟语气在表语和同位语从句中的用法。在表示建议、命令、要求、主张、目的和愿望等的名在表示建议、命令、要求、主张、目的和愿望等的名词后面的词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式为气，其形式为“should+do”结构，should可以省略。常用的名词为：advice,suggestion,order,proposal，desire,request,等词后接表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容命令等的内容。My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。4）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法。）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法。A:在含在含as if/though（表语或状语）从句中，用（表语或状语）从句中，用过去式过去式表示与现表示与现在和将来事实相反；用在和将来事实相反；用(had done)表示与过去事实相反。表示与过去事实相反。She looks as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的她看起来似乎是冰做的 He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there long ago.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenCThe actor is 58 years old.But he acts as if he _ a young man.A.is B.will be C.am D.wereDThe clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it _rain.A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.wouldA二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。4）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法。）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法。B:在含在含even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句或从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式主从复合句中，主句或从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与与if非真实条件句相同。非真实条件句相同。5)虚拟语气在其它特殊从句中的用法。虚拟语气在其它特殊从句中的用法。A:if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希望真希望.;只要只要,只要只要.就好就好 表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用应用过去式过去式;如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用应用过去完成时过去完成时态态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.B:Its(high/right)time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或过去时或should+do （should不可以省略不可以省略）Its time that you left/should leave here.二考点整合，技法点拨二考点整合，技法点拨。考点考点2 虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。5)虚拟语气在其它特殊从句中的用法。虚拟语气在其它特殊从句中的用法。C:在Id rather(that)句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式/had done表示虚拟语气，意思是“我宁愿/希望”。Id rather you told me the truth.我真希望你告诉我真相。Id rather I hadnt seen him.我宁愿没见着他。三虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。三虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。1 在条件句中的省略。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有句中有were,had或或should，可以把，可以把if省略，而把这几省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it 我要是你，就不做这事我要是你，就不做这事 Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Had you told me earlier,I could have done something.三虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。三虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。2 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句(混合条件句混合条件句)。主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整（此时主从句的谓语动词形式应该与各自所在句子中的时间状语或其所表达的意义相对应。）eg.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。（从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）。eg.If you had practised speaking English more,you would be able to speak it fluently.如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了三虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。三虚拟语气中需特别注意的情况。3 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句。用介词短语代替条件状语从句或暗含在上下文中用介词短语代替条件状语从句或暗含在上下文中（如（如with,without,but for等来表示等来表示).Without air(If there were no air),there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help),I couldnt have done it.要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。四四失误清单失误清单,深度剖析深度剖析 失误点失误点1：对含蓄条件句：对含蓄条件句 分辨有误。分辨有误。(09福建35)But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won But for 部分表了一个隐含条件的虚拟语气。此处部分表了一个隐含条件的虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might+have done结构，结构，故故选选B。做此类题目时，要根据常见标志词（做此类题目时，要根据常见标志词（but for,without,otherwise等或句意辨别含蓄条件句，等或句意辨别含蓄条件句，从而选择正确的虚拟形式）从而选择正确的虚拟形式）四四 失误清单失误清单,深度剖析深度剖析 失误点失误点2：对：对虚拟虚拟条件句条件句的省略理解有误。有误。10浙江）10Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved考点考点：本题考查虚拟语气。解析解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。Practice:.(08山东24)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_ it without you.A.can manage B.could have managed C.could manage D.can have managed8.（2011陕西卷）22.I_through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt goC.wouldnt go D.hadnt goneBA2010-2011年高考英语试题年高考英语试题 虚拟语气虚拟语气 五五.高考连接巩固练习高考连接巩固练习（2011福建卷）34.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution。I it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attendedC.would attend D.would have attended.【D】考点考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气解析解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做（10上海）29.-Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh,you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A.must B.mustnt C.should D.shouldnt考点考点：本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态A。（10安徽）26.Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he-_ A.was busy B.is busy C.had been busy.D.will be busy 考点考点：考查虚拟语气。解析解析：根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。（10湖南）29.If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow 考点考点：考查虚拟语气。句意句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。解析解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had+过去分词。（10天津）15.John went to the hospital alone.If he_ me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 解析解析：would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式 B（10江苏）34.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused解析解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。（10陕西）15.If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken答案答案：(should)be discussed考点考点：虚拟语气解析解析：“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟，从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形，主语“problem”是要“被讨论”。（10湖北）76.Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _(讨论)at the meeting.(discuss)考点：考点：本题考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟。解析解析：第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop,my vegetables wouldnt have died.DIf+had done,主句为couldnt/shouldnt/wouldnt have done.（10北京）34.-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died 考点考点：本题考查虚拟语气。解析解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。（10浙江）10Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved条件从句if 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去时（were）Would/could/should/might+V.（原）过去过去完成时Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.未来1.过去时2.should+V.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.（原）1 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。六六 Summary2虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.Wish 2.would rather that 3.as if/though+Clause 4.Its(about/high)time+that-5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。6.without和和but for 构成虚拟构成虚拟7.If only8.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause Homework p83