资源描述
Unit Four,Export Procedures and Documentation,Introduction,When you are planning on exporting your products or services, you may consider what export procedure you have to go through and how to prepare the export documents faster and easier. From this passage, you may acquire some common knowledge about the export procedure and the documents used in exporting.,Text,Exercises,Related Technical Terms,Grammar,1 Exporting is merely an extension of selling in the home market. But it also contains a hint of why exporting can be difficult. The foreign market may be thousands of miles away, the customer may speak a different language, he will almost definitely deal in a different currency, and he will have his own customs and ways of conducting business.,Text,2 As soon as an exporter receives an inquiry about his product, he quotes the customer a certain price. Quoting for orders in the home market is simple. The seller knows how much he can produce his goods for. Quoting for the export market is much more difficult. He knows what sort of price he should be charging to be competitive with similar products.,Text,3 Selecting the right mode of transport is vital for an exporter. He may well try and find the cheapest method of getting his product to export market. But the cost isnt the only factor that must be taken into account. Whichever mode of transport an exporter chooses, he will need to consider the terms of delivery of the particular contract.,Text,4 When an exporter quotes a price for a product, he is making an offer. If this offer is accepted by the buyer, then a contract is formed. This contract includes the terms under which the goods are to be delivered. Terms of delivery are not only important for quoting a price, they also make it clear who has responsibility for the goods if anything happens to them.,Text,5 Goods should be well-packed and clearly marked so that they are not easily crushed or lost in transit. But even when these simple precautions are taken, accidents can happen. Apart from the risk of fire or leakage there is always the threat of pilferage. The vessel carrying the goods may sink or be badly damaged so that some goods have to be thrown overboard. Your goods may be among them. It is vital that an exporter understands and uses insurance so that these risks are minimized and he can recoup at least some of his losses.,Text,6 Many a businessman has found out too late that he has made a loss on a price that he thought would give him a fair profit, and his mistake was simply in quoting the wrong terms of payment. An exporter must make it as certain as possible that he will get his money and that payment is not delayed beyond the terms which have been agreed on. There are several safeguards an exporter can take. For a start he can make sure that his customer is credit-worthy. Next he can ask his customer to make out a letter of credit. Using such safeguards means that the exporter can obtain protection from defaulters.,Text,7 Under a letter of credit, documents are required. Preparing the correct documents to cover an export shipment is considered by many to be very demanding. They must be the correct ones because the requirements vary from country to country. If the documents provided by the exporter are incorrect, the importer cannot obtain the goods from his port when they arrive. Failure to complete the forms properly may lead to a fine or unnecessary delay in clearing the goods through foreign customs . If the information is,Text,found to be false, heavy fines may be imposed or the goods confiscated. In an attempt to reduce the error rate, exporters are recommended to review thoroughly their documents for accuracy and to weed out errors that have crept in though sloppy practices over the years. Some companies may use the service of the shipping agent or trade associations for help.,Text,8 The documents can be divided into three kinds. The first kind is legal documents such as contract or licenses; the second kind is commercial documents such as commercial invoice or certificate of origin; and the third one is shipping documents such as bill of lading, packing list and so on. All the documents play an important role in transport arrangements, payment and credit procedures and in relation to cargo insurance and claims. In the case of documentary credit, the documents represent the title of the goods.,Text,9 The documents known as export or shipping documents are required for multiple purposes. One major purpose of the documents, in general, is to provide the foreign customs authorities with a complete, detailed description of the goods so that the correct import duty can be levied. Some documents are required to spell out contractual rights and duties of the parties concerned; some are required to satisfy government stipulations of exporting and importing countries ; others are required for the administration,Text,of exchange control regulations or import quotas in the product, and to safeguard the public and animal health and prevent the spread of plant diseases. Each importing country has specific circumstances including political, economic, geographic, environmental, welfare and military contingencies. Considering all these factors, the exporter is required to meet the different document requirements.,Text,10 Although there are no international standards for documents, there are many established traditions and practices. All these can be learned and exporters are required to be quite familiar with the forms by the major countries and the basic export documents common to most export shipments.,Text,1. As soon as an exporter receives an inquiry about his product, he quotes the customer a certain price.,Notes,出口商一旦收到产品的询价，他就会向客户报该产品价格。 quote 是及物动词，quote sb. a price 向某方报价 e.g. This is the best price we can quote you. 这是我方能够向你方报的最好的价格。,2. He knows what sore of price he should be charging to be competitive with similar products.,Notes,他得知道为了与类似产品竞争，它应该出怎样的价格。 在what引导的宾语从句中的不定式短语 to be competitive with similar products 用作目的状语。 ”to charge” means “to set or ask (a given amount) as a price “ 索价，要价,3. mode of transport,Notes,运输工具 vehicles and other means generally, for carrying persons or things,4. Whichever mode of transport an exporter chooses , he will need to consider the terms of delivery of the particular contract.,Notes,无论出口商选择何种运输方式，他需要考虑的是特定合同的交货条款。 whichever 引导的让步状语从句，在用法上相当于“no matter which”. e.g. However abundant certain natural resources may be , they cannot reproduce themselves and are bund to be used up ultimately. 不管某些自然资源多么丰富，他们不会再生，终究要被使用完的。,5. The vessel carrying the goods may sink or be badly damaged so that some goods have to be thrown overboard.,Notes,装货的船只可能会沉没或严重受损，以至于必须将船上的货物丢掉。 现在分词短语 “carrying the goods” 用作定语， 修饰“ the vessel ” , 相当于 “The vessel that carries the goods”； “overboard” 是副词，用作状语， “to be thrown overboard”意为“丢在船外”,6. insurance,Notes,保险 the practice of sharing among many persons , risks to life or property that would otherwise be suffered by only a few.,7. Next he can ask his customer to make out a letter of credit.,Notes,其次，他可要求客户开立信用证。 letter of credit: 信用证 A letter of credit is the written promise of a bank, undertaken on behalf of a buyer to pay the seller the amount specified in the credit provided the seller complies with the terms and conditions set forth in the credit.,8. The first kind is legal documents such as contract or licenses; the second kind is commercial documents such as commercial invoice or certificate of origin; and the third one is shipping documents such as bill of lading, packing list and so on.,Notes,第一类是法律文件，例如合同或许可证；第二类是商业文件，如商业发票或原产地证书；第三类是运输文件，如提单或装箱单等。,Notes,Commercial invoice：商业发票 The commercial invoice is the key accounting document describing the commercial transaction between the buyer and the seller. Certificate of Origin: 原产地证 A certificate of origin is a document issued by an authority, evidencing the goods originated from a particular country.,9. Some documents are required to spell out contractual rights and duties of the parties concerned; some are required to satisfy government stipulations of exporting and importing countries; others are required for the administration of exchange control regulations or import quotas in the product, and to safeguard the public and animal health and prevent the spread of plant diseases.,Notes,有些单据要列明合同当事人的权利及义务。有些单据要符合出口和进口国政府的规定；有些需要提供外汇管理规定，产品进口配额这类的单据，保护公众及动物健康以及避免植物疾病感染这类的文件。,Notes,to spell out 意为讲清楚，详细解释 e.g. This contract spells out that the goods should be packed in cases of 50 tons each. 此合同中明确说明货物必须用木箱包装，每箱50重吨。 quota: 配额 政府对特定物品或商品进口或出口设置的限额。政府首先决定一个特定时期内的总额，然后在这一额度内向进口商或出口商发放许可证。,I. Answer the following questions according to the text.,1. Why is it vital for an exporter to select the right mode of transport? 2. What safeguards can an exporter take to make sure that the payment is not delayed beyond the terms agreed on? 3. What if the exporter provides incorrect documents? 4. How many kinds can the documents be divided into? What are they? 5. What are the purposes of exporting or shipping documents?,Exercises,II. Word Study.,Exercises,1. Match the words or expressions.,1. drawback a. to make prominent; to draw special attention 2. highlight b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported. 3. bulky c. done by one side or party only 4. perishable d. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods 5.tariff e. taking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handle 6. specific duties f. money sent by post 7. ad valorem duties g. duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods 8. unilaterally h. easily to go bad 9. maritime i. duties refunded which were paid on imported goods when re- exported 10. remittance j. connected with the sea or navigation,Exercises,Key,1. i 2 . a 3. e 4. h 5. b 6. g 7. d 8. c 9. j 10. f,2. Fill in the blanks.,1. Folkways and mores _ from country to country. 2. Every household saves a moderate amount of money in case of _. 3. The provisions of the contract must be _ clearly to avoid misunderstanding and future conflicts. 4. Many governments _ heavy tariff on import goods to protect domestic goods. 5. Errors must be _from the documents , or there will be trouble.,6. There is no _ for the mode of packing in this contract. 7. The chairman _ by two translators took part in the conference. 8. This job is not so _, it is unnecessary to employ a man of high education background. 9. Once the smuggled goods are caught by the customs, they must be _. 10.Anyone who exceeds the speed limit could be _.,Exercises,Key,1.vary 2. contingency 3. spelt out 4. impose 5. weeded out 6. stipulation 7. accompanied 8. demanding 9.confiscated 10. fined,3. Multiple Choice.,Exercises,It is _ our mutual interest to cooperate with each other. a. on b. in c. at d. to 2. We should try to fulfill the project _ minimum cost. a. at b. in c. on d. to 3. _ every stage, we should reduce costs. a. At b. In c. On d. About 4. Our prices are practical and reasonable . There is not much room _ bargaining. a. from b. for c. at d. on 5.The U.S.A. imports raw silk _ Japan every year. a. to b. from c. in d. on,Exercises,1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. d 10. a,6. The import duties payable were _ heavy_ the prices would have been too high. a. such.that b. so.that c. too.that d. too.to 7. We suggest that it _ better for us to discuss the matter when the situation gets somewhat improved. a. is b. was c. are d. be 8. We regret that we cannot book your order _ the prices we quoted a month ago. a. at b. in c. on d. about 9. If we had been careful, we _ such a mistake in the Contract. a. would make b. didnt make c. hadnt made d. would not have made 10. We shall try to persuade the supplier _ increase the quantity. . a. to b. into c. out of d. from,. Translate the following sentences into English.,1.出口营销时，我们必须考虑到其他国家的风俗习惯和传统。（take.into consideration） 2.随着经济的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的需求不可能只限于那些生活必需品。（restrict.to） 3.我们公司已向中国建设银行申请开设以贵方为受益人的信用证。（apply to sb. for sth. , in sb. favor） 4.他们认为这项产品要真正畅销起来还需要若干年的时间。（catch on） 5.剩下的货物将大幅度销价出售。 ( at greatly reduced prices ),Exercises,1. In export marketing , we must take other nations customs and traditions into consideration. 2.With the development of the economy and the improving of the living standard, its impossible for people to restrict their wants to those necessities. 3.Our company has already applied to China Construction Bank for an L/C to be opened in your favor. 4.They think that it will take a few years for this product to really catch on. 5.The rest of the goods will be sold off at greatly reduced prices.,Exercises,Key,V. Translate the following sentences in the text into Chinese.,1. Selecting the right mode of transport is vital for an exporter. He may well try and find the cheapest method of getting his product to export market. 2. Terms of delivery are not only important for quoting a price, they also make it clear who has responsibility for the goods if anything happens to them. 3. If the information is found to be false, heavy fines may be imposed or the goods confiscated. 4. In the case of documentary credit, the documents represent the title of the goods. 5. Considering all these factors, the exporter is required to meet the different document requirements.,Exercises,Key,Exercises,选择适当的运输方式对出口商来说是非常重要的。他会千方百计地采用最廉价的方式将产品运到出口地。 2. 交货条款不仅对报盘很重要，而且明确了在出现不测是谁对货物负责。 3. 如果被查出单据内容有假，就会被罚重金甚至货物被没收。 4. 在采用跟单信用证支付时，单据就代表着货物的所有权。 5. 考虑到所有这些因素，出口商必须满足对不同单据的需求。,VI. Write a summary of the text in about 120 words.,Exercises,VII. Write a one-paragraph composition entitled “The Importance of Export” The first sentence is given: “Do you know how important exporting is to the economic development of a country?” Complete the paragraph with five to seven sentences, using the words or phrases given below.,Exercises,VIII. Discuss with your partner the role that the documents play in international trade.,Exercises,1. enquiry a request for a quotation, i.e. a request to be told the price and conditions for delivery, etc. before placing an order for the goods 询价,Related Technical Terms,2. quotation a statement of the current price and conditions upon which a supplier is willing to sell , or upon which services may be performed 行情，报价，牌价,Related Technical Terms,3. order (1) a direction to a supplier to supply goods. 订货，订货单 (2) goods ordered or supplied 已订购的货，已供应的货,Related Technical Terms,4. pilferage loss caused by stealing goods being transported from seller to buyer, esp , when packages break open 偷窃，偷盗（从整件货物中窃取一部分）货物从卖方运 往买方途中被盗而引起的损失 ， 尤其是在包装破损时,Related Technical Terms,让步状语从句通常修饰整个主句。让步，即承认和主句表示的情况相反的前提。它包括真实和非真实让步状语从句 (Real Concession and Unreal Concession)。 常用的连词有：though，although，even if，even though，as，while，no matter加wh-词，however，wh-词加ever，whetheror，if（相当于even if / though）等，有时不用连词，但从句须倒装。,Grammar Adverbial Clause of Concession,例如： 1. Although / Though it was very late , she went on working. 尽管很晚了，她仍然继续工作。 2.We must not be conceited even if we have made great progress. 即使取得了很大进步，我们也不能自负。 3.While he has studied English for four years, he does not knows how to use the word “fluently”. 尽管他学了四年英语，他还是不知道怎样用“fluently”这个词。 4.No matter how I say it, she always thinks Im wrong. 不管我怎么说，她总是认为我是错的。,Grammar Adverbial Clause of Concession,5. I shall finish it, if (= even if) it takes ten years. 即使做十年，我也要把它做完。 6. Poor as he was, he knew how to behave himself. 尽管他穷，但他知道怎样处事。 7. Had I known where he was, I could not have told you. （非真实让步） 8. 尽管我知道他在何处，我当时也本不该告诉你的。,Grammar Adverbial Clause of Concession,1. Complete the following sentences, using adverbial clause of concession. 1. She won the first prize, _.(虽然这件事情我们都没有想到)。 2._(尽管他只有三岁)，his mother dresses him in grown-up clothes. 3._ (尽管我理解你所说的), I cant agree with you. 4._(尽管你的意见值得考虑), the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance to them. 5._（无论发生什么事情），Ill stand by you.,Grammar Exercises,1.Although/though none of us had expected it. 2.Although / though hes only three, 3.While / Although I understand what you say, 4.While / Although your opinions are worth considering. 5.Whatever / No matter what happens,Grammar Exercises,Key,2. Combine two sentences into a compound sentence with an adverbial clause of Concession. Model: “Ive already told you that Im going to buy it . I dont mind how much it costs.” Ive already told you that Im going to buy it no matter how much it costs. 1. He tried very hard. He was unable to make much progress. 2. Tom is a child. He can ride a horse. 3. He was worn out. He kept on working. 4. He is poor. He loves him. 5. Well make a trip. The weather is bad.,Grammar Exercises,1. Although he tried very hard, he was unable to make much progress. 2. Child as Tom is, he can ride a horse. 3. Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 4. Even though he is poor, she loves him. 5. Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.,Key,Grammar Exercises,
展开阅读全文