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写作步步高1.如何写好简单句只含有一个主谓结构的句子（有时含有并列主语或并列谓语动词）叫作简单句。简单句的五种基本句型 和There be句型介绍如下：1）主语+不及物动词（S+V）2）主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）3）主语+系动词+表语（S+V+C）4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）6）There + be句型基本句型1 主谓结构 由“主语+不及物动词”构成，常用来表示主语的动作。主语可有修饰语（定语），谓语可有修饰语(状语)。如：Great (定语) changes have taken place in my home town (状语) in the past ten years. (状语)She sat there alone, reading a novel. (形容词alone和分词短语作伴随状语)基本句型2 主谓宾结构 由“主语+及物动词+宾语”构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂，不定式就经常充当宾语。如： The Internet helps (to) make many friends. (不定式作宾语) The student union has decided to organize a music week. So I hope to teach foreigners Chinese and spread Chinese culture.基本句型3 主系表结构 由“主语+系动词+表语”组成，用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有：(1)表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound；(2)表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；(3)表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier. Anyone should be honest and helpful to his families, teachers and classmates. As is in China, the weather is different from area to area. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam. The dish tastes delicious. (taste, feel, sound, smell等词作连系动词时，无被动语态)运用以上三种句型翻译下列句子1.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 2.对他们来，骑自行车到那里去很不容易。 3.几个月以后，李明变得和以前一样健康。 4.你这样说真是太好心了。 5.和陌生人一块儿度假不是个好主意。 6.我爷爷早晨起得很早。 7.布朗夫人看起来很健康。 8.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 9.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 基本句型4 双宾语结构 由“主语+及物动词+间接宾语人+直接宾语事物”组成。但若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day. She bought me a beautiful skirt. She bought a beautiful skirt for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：(需借助to的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；(需借助for的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。运用上述句型翻译下列句子1.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。 2.Mary把钱包交给校长了。 3.他把车票给列车员看。 4.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 5.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 基本句型5 复合宾语结构 由“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用作宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： Suddenly I heard my neighbour shouting and laughing loudly. And then I saw a yellow car drive up along the Third Street and turn right into Park Road.常用的含宾语补足语的句式如下： see sb. / sth. do sth. 符合这个句式的动词有：watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, have, make, let等 see sb. / sth. doing sth. 符合这个句式的动词有：watch, notice, observe, look at, catch, hear, listen to, feel, have, keep, leave, find, get等 find it + adj. / n. +to do sth. 符合这个句式的动词有：feel, make, think, consider等运用基本句型4和5翻译下列句子1.我们要使学校变得更美丽。 2.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 3.我要你把真相告诉我。 4.我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 5.我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 6.他感到很难跟你交谈。 7.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 8.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 基本句型6 There be句型 由“there + be + 主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。一般地说，全句意为：“某地有某物/某人”。 There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields every day.另外，除了be外，live, stand, come, go, lie, exist等动词也能用于这个句型，表示存在。在there引导的存在句中，谓语与最靠近的主语在人称和数上一致，并有时态和情态变化。如： There stand two huge trees in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived and old king in the town. There is / lies a river in front of my house.be的时态和情态变化有：将来有there will be；there is / are going to be现在已经有there has / have been可能有there might be肯定有there must be；there must have been过去曾经有there used to be似乎有there seems / seemed to be碰巧有there happen / happens / happened to be如：There must be a use for my talent. 天生我材必有用。运用上述句型翻译下列句子1.明天下午在报告厅开会。 2.天气预报说下午有大风。 3.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 4.战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 5.恰好那时房子里没有人。 提示：在书面表达中，“有”这个含义，我们会情不自禁地使用There be和have结构来表达。虽然能表达出原意，可是千篇一律，总会显得俗气呆板。试比较下面句子的翻译，便可见分晓。学校的体育中心有三个运动区域。a.There are three athletic areas in the school sports centre.b.The school sports centre contains three athletic areas.With结构也有“有”的含义。a.Its a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen,b.He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands.c.He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing at the top.d.With winter coning on, its time to buy warm clothes.完成下列句子1. Guangzhou is an ancient city (有2200多年的文明历史)。2. (随着2008奥运会的来临), more and more foreigners are eager to know about China.3. (随着汽车工业的发展), the economy in China is developing rapidly too.同义优选句型和精彩的复杂句式 有些简单句表达，在语法上没有什么错误，意思也很明白，但缺少文采，可以通过以下方法增加语言表达精彩度。 同义优选 用比较好的表达方式来替换原始的单词。 He gave us some useful advice. (offered) He tried to make his parents happy. (please) A new railway is being built in this city. (under construction) 复杂句式 1) 分词作状语在英语中出现频率极高。一方面，使句式多样化；另一方面，使句子更简练。 They worked hard together, pushing the bus slowly forward. Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. Chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions. Located in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.2) 倒装结构，置于众多的主谓结构中，显得新颖独特。 Only in this way can you improve your oral English.3) 强调句型It + be + 被强调部分 + 其它 It was Mr. Lee who saved my life.4) with / without结构 He left without saying goodbye. 通篇提升 有些句子表达，在语法上没有错误，意思也很明白，但是整体看来比较零散、不够整齐，所以我们把一些小句子整合起来，变成一个整齐有文采的句式。这也是当前基础写作的重点考察内容。如：Elvis Presley (猫王), who was born in 1935 and died in 1977, was a world-famous pop star and will always be loved by his fans from different countries.(改写后)Born in 1935, Elvis Presley was world-famous as a remarkable pop star. Despite his death in 1977, he will always be well-received by his fans from all the corners of the world.按要求改写句子1. School was over and the students rushed out. (改成倒装句)School was over and .2. I have never seen such a wonderful film before. (改成倒装句) 3. She lay in bed and she was awake. She was listening to music. (改成伴随状语)She lay in bed, 4. Yang Lan was born in 1958. She began her career as the popular “Zheng Da TV Show”. (用过去分词改写) , Yang Lan began her career as the popular “Zheng Da TV Show”.5. When we see from the mountain, we can see the river running through the city. (分词短语) , we can see the river running through the city.6. The computer center, which was open last year, is really popular among the students in this school. (分词短语)The computer center, , is really popular among the students in this school.7. “Mama!” he cried suddenly, and his tears rolled down his cheeks. (with结构)”Mama!” he cried suddenly, .2.如何写好并列句并列连词的意义与作用 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫做并列句。并列句的基本句型是：简单句+并列连词（或连接副词）+简单句。不同的并列连词或连接副词表示不同的关系。所以，要写好并列句，头等必须了解每个并列连词的意义和功能。下表是对所有并列连词（或连接副词）的归类与功能的概括。并列连词其它意思相似的并列连词在句子中表示的意思andfurthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, also, likewise, not onlybut also“此外，而且”，表示并列或递进关系but, yethowever, nevertheless, still, in contrast“但是，然而”，表示对比关系forbecause, as, since“因为”，表示原因orotherwise“或者，否则，不然的话”，表示选择soconsequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, then“因此，所以”，表示结果norneither“也不”，表示否定选择请选择恰当的并列连接词填空1. I dont agree with you, dose my partner.2. Find out where they are going this evening ask if we may join them.3. He was very seriously ill; doctors have almost given up hope of his recovery.4. They go to concerts of pop music they really like it.5. She cant hope to pass the exam in December, shell have to wait till June.6. He broke the rules of the school; he had to leave.7. I dont know anything against the man; I dont trust him.8. Ill buy a new suit when I get the cheque for the work I did; , Im afraid this old one will have to do a bit longer.9. is your answer wrong mine is.10. You must work harder; you will be put into another class.辨清不同功能的并列连词 有同学认为，并列句十分简单，就是将两个简单句用并列连接词连接起来。其实不然，在写作中，我们必须认真分析两个被连接起来的简单句之间的逻辑关系，然后选择恰当的并列连接词，才能真正写出质量好的并列句。请认真研读以下并列句，分析其逻辑关系。试试看，如果用别的功能的并列连词替换，逻辑关系是否仍然成立？a. He works hard, and he plays hard too.分析：在分句1的意思基础上有递进。其含义相当于： He not only works hard, but also plays hare. 或 He plays hard as well as works hard.b. I was tired, but I felt happy.分析：分句2的意思不是分句1意思的顺接，而是出现转折的结果。c. We stayed at home, for it was raining.分析：分句2是对分句1的原因的补充。d. It was cold, so we decided to stay at home.分析：分句2是分句1的结果。e. Hurry up, or youll be late for class.分析：分句2是与分句1的结果相反的结果。由以上分析可见，并列连词的选择也要遵循句子间的逻辑关系的，如果不小心，同样会犯逻辑错误。请根据所给的句子信息及所提供的并列连接词完成句子。1. You have to learn English, and .2. You should read some English every day, or .3. Many students do quite well in the recitation, but .4. Most of the students are afraid of speaking English in class, so .5. Some students cant tell the difference between thirteen and thirty, for .6. Many of the students do not like writing, nor .运用不同功能的并列连词写并列句 在高考评卷时，阅卷的老师常常会读到这样的文章，文章将内容要点都覆盖了，但通篇都是简单句，结果得分不高。新高考的基础写作，要求用5个句子表达多于5个的内容要点。因此，如能适当地使用并列句，当可提高文章的可读性与质量。其实，方法很简单，可根据各要点形成几个简单句，再将简单句中有内在逻辑联系的句子用适当的并列连词合并成并列句。(一)请根据并列句的逻辑关系，加上恰当的并列连词，将两个句子合并为一个并列句。1. This will cost quite some money. Its worthwhile in a long run. 2. He would have won the game easily. He fell and broke his leg. 3. Shakespeare was a writer. Shakespeare was also an actor. 4. He had failed many times. He was confident that he would succeed in the end. 5. Donna was not satisfied with her own achievement. Donna was not satisfied with the teams performance. 6. Girls are jealous of Mary. Mary is very beautiful and successful. 7. The chance is slim. They never give up hope. 8. The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds. Not a single star could be seen. (二)用并列句翻译下列句子。1. 昨天我生日。很多同学送给我礼物。(so) 2. 书籍增长了我们的见识，开拓了我们的视野。(not onlybut also) 3. 地震中有10人死亡，3000多人无家可归。(and) 4. 兄弟俩很不同。一个喜欢看书，另一个喜欢运动。(while) 5. 宠物通常很脏，甚至有的会伤人。(and) 6. 追求时尚没有什么不好，但我们要把注意力集中在学习上。(however) 7. 过去，我们不但没有时间休息，而且没有时间做自己想做的事情。(nor) 8. 通过做兼职，我们不但可以学到书本以外的东西，而且可以积累重要的社会经验。(besides) 用并列句巧建基础写作小段落 在新高考的基础写作中，要求同学们用五个句子表达多于五个句子的意思。因此，同学样必须要用到并列句。并列句用好了，文章就流畅自然，可读性强。(一)以“如何学好英语”为主题，写一篇五个句子的短文。要求包括下列全部要点，并尽量使用并列句。【写作内容】1. 你必须每天听英语材料。2. 听力是英语学习中最基本的部分。3. 你必须保证阅读练习，否则你在理解文章时速度会很慢。4. 每天早上背诵是很重要的。在课余大声朗读也有好处。5. 写作很必要。你不必写很多，但必须学会每一种写作类型的写作技巧。6. 此外，遇到困难时，你要保持冷静，也不要放弃。【写作要求】1. 必须使用5个句子；2. 把五个句子组成一篇连贯的文章。开头和结尾已经为你写好。 Learning English is not an easy job at all. You should always remember that “No pains, no gains.”(二)【写作内容】假如你叫李明，你有一位英国网友Tom，他听说过中国的故宫，但知之不多，于是给你发来E-mail，请你向他介绍一下有关故宫的一些情况。请你根据下面提供的要点给他回一封电子邮件。1. 故宫(the Palace Museum)又叫紫禁城(the Forbidden City)。它于1407年开始修建，二十万人花了十四年的时间，于1420年建成。2. 它所有的宫殿一共有9,999个房间。在中国，9这个数字传统地被认为是吉祥的。3. 现在，每周星期二，故宫免费向中国学生开放。4. 故宫有着中国历史上五千多年的珍宝(precious treasure)。【写作要求】1. 必须使用5个句子；2. 把五个句子组成一篇连贯的文章。开头和结尾已经为你写好。Dear Tom, It is nice to receive your email. Now Id like to tell you something about the Palace Museum. Best wishes.YoursLi Ming(三)【写作内容】假如你刚收到一个邀请函，请根据以下信息写一封回信。1. 收到对方的邀请，很感谢。2. 本周末，恰巧我母亲要从深圳去上海经过这里，将小住两天，她今早打电话说她希望我周末陪她上街给我在上海的姐姐买些衣服做礼物。3. 对本周末不能赴约表示道歉，并通知期他人，向他们表示致意。4. 写信人：李明；收信人：李阳【写作要求】1. 必须使用5个句子；2. 把五个句子组成一篇连贯的文章。第一句已经为你写好。Dear Yang, Im sorry I couldnt go to your family party this weekend because Best wishes.Sincerely yoursLi MingKeys1.如何写好简单句基本句型1&2&31. I received a letter from my pen-friend in Australia.2. Its not easy for them to go there by bike.3. Months later, Li Ming became as fit as before.4. It is very kind of you to say so.5. It is not a good idea to spend your vocation with strangers.6. My grandfather gets up early in the morning.7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy.8. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.9. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.基本句型41. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.2. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.3. He showed the ticket to the conductor.4. This term I have written three letters to my parents.5. My father has bought me a new bike.基本句型51. We will make our school more beautiful.2. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.3. I want you to tell me the truth.4. Ill get my recorder mended.5. I have never seen the word used that way before.6. He felt it very difficult to talk with you.7. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.8. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.基本句型61. There is going to be a meeting in the lecture hall tomorrow afternoon.2. The weatherman says that therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.3. The light is on. There must be someone in the office.4. There used to be a cinema here before the war.5. There happened to be nobody in the room.With 结构1. with a cultural history of 2,200 years 2. With the coming of the 2008 Olympic Games3. With the development of car industry同义优
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