资源描述
Unit Onemain bearingsLesson EightfrictionDiesel Engine and Electric Powerflywheeltransmit传送momentuminternal combustionengine内燃机uniformfuel-air mixture燃料-空气混合物automobilekeep in mind记住gasolineoxygen氧气liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)atmosphere大气butanerig up安装钻机propaneshed棚子natural gas processing plantyard码twisting force (torque)mac hinery从动装置c ompressgears齿轮transportsprocket链轮vapormechanical transmission机械传动装置flam mab lemount安装vaporizecouplings联轴节spark plugcompound并车联动机 （并车箱）high voltagetransfer传送spark ignition (SI) enginesteel shroud(guard)钢罩glow plugsurround包围preheatsafeg uar d保护combustion chamberspray喷洒proportionlubricant润滑油;润滑剂ratiomoving parts活动部件engine throttleentitle取名为converselygenerator发电机designerheavy-duty wires重型电缆regardless ofelectric motors电动机compression ignition ( CI)thermal energy热能Fahrenheit( F )motion运动Celsius( C )transform改变fuel injectordestroy毁坏speed upconvert转换four-stroke-cycletake in吸入two-stroke-cyclepiston cylinder活塞气缸top dead center(TDC)intake valve进气阀;进气门bottom dead center(BDC)intake-ports进气门shortenspark火花manualignite点火aspirateexhaust valve排气阀;排气门draw inconnecting rod=piston rod连杆suctioncrankshaft曲轴natural aspirationbearings轴承reduc ed pressurecrankcase曲轴箱vacuum主轴承 摩擦 飞轮 动力,动量 均匀; 统一 汽车 汽油 液化石油气 丁烷 丙烷 天然气处理厂 扭力 压缩 运输 蒸气,蒸发 易燃的 蒸发 火花点火塞 高电压 火花点火动机 热线点火塞 预热燃烧室 比例 比率 柴油机油门 相反地 设计人员 不管 压缩点火 华氏 摄氏 燃油喷油器 加速 四冲程循环 二冲程循环 上死点 下死点 缩短 手册 自然吸气 吸入 吸入 自然吸气 减弱压力 真空rush in冲进recycling再循环;重新循环kilopascal(kPa)千帕corrosive fume腐蚀性烟雾pounds per square inch(psi) 压力单位sludge formation泥渣形成syringe注射器combustion cup燃烧室needle针accumulate聚积;储集give a shot注射（打针）illu str ate图示vial小瓶spray nozzle喷嘴syringe s plunger注射器的注塞tiny droplets小水珠superc harger增压器atomizing雾化blower鼓风机spring-loaded plunger弹簧加载柱塞blades叶片;叶轮precision timing精密正时系统impeller叶轮simultaneously同时地enc lose围起来scavenge扫气turbocharger涡轮增压器trapped air被圈闭的空气result in产生结果c ylinder气缸reciprocate往复运动theoretically理论上地intake stroke吸气冲程throttle changes油门变化;节流阀变化fill the vacuum填补真空preference爱好compression stroke压缩冲程distributor分油器firing cycle发火循环remaining其余; 余下assume假设;设定revolution一转power stroke做功冲程respond to throttle change 响应油门变化instantaneous push瞬间推力forced-air induction强迫空气进入slug段塞unc over露出lugging power过载功率release pressure释放压力exhaust stroke排气冲程momentarily瞬间地valve overlap气门重叠fill the cylinder充满气缸escaping hot exhaust gas正在逸出的热废气scavenging efficiency扫气效率cross section剖面图inlet ports进气门breather呼吸器cover the ports遮住气门rocker arm摇臂V-shapeV型valve cover气门盖make up组成;构成push ro d推杆cutaway of the piston活塞的剖面图passageway气道;水道;油道contain包括;包含c amshaft凸轮轴plunger pump柱塞泵cam凸轮fuel manifold燃油管汇floating oil screen浮动机油滤网piston rod活塞杆crankshaft counterweight曲轴平衡块dipstick油尺distributor injection pump分油器喷射泵drain plug放油塞air intake manifold进气管汇lubricating oil pan油底壳bolt螺栓counterweight平衡块vent排气,排气口oil line to head通到缸头的机油管blow-by漏气scavenging ports扫气门buildup聚集;聚积water line散热水管线positive crankcase ventilation valves (PCV)fuel metering rack燃油计量齿条曲轴箱正压通气阀scavenging air扫气eccentric shape偏心形状strive to努力elliptical椭圆的deter mine决定teardrop shape泪珠形状alpha-methyl-naphthalenea-甲基萘rocking chair摇椅hydrocarbon烃;碳氢化合物d iagr am图形tar oil焦油figure图compression ratio压缩比refer to参考;意指actuate启动kerosene煤油fuel injec tor燃油喷射器crude oil原油ignition-delay period点火延迟时间lightweight oil轻质油crank-angle degree曲轴转角度specific gravity比重injector valve unseat喷油阀离开阀座set standards制订标准deposit存积recommend推荐gummy substance胶质issue bulletin发布公报leak age溢漏equation算式;式子contamination污染c alc ulate计算layout布置property性能main fuel-supply tank主燃油罐volatility挥发性stra iner粗滤器carbon residue积炭filter过滤器viscosity粘度day tank日用罐sulfur content硫分transfer pump输油泵sediment沉积物;沉淀force of gravity重力flash point闪点erec t竖立pour point倾点disassemble撤卸acid corrosiveness酸腐蚀elim inate消除;消灭ignition quality自然性purge air吹扫空气cetane number十六烷值vapor lock气阻塞distillation蒸馏vaporize蒸发boil away蒸发掉;煮干gas bubble气泡volatile fuel挥发性燃油c ollapse破坏;失效;坍塌fuel consumption燃料消耗crush压碎orifice孔板unvented tank没有通气孔的油罐Saybolt viscometer赛波特粘度计bac kflow回流universal size通用尺寸fill-up line充满油的管线Saltbolt seconds universal (SSU)spew喷出赛波特通用粘度秒数drench浇淋plunger and barrel柱塞和柱塞筒airborne lint空气中的绒毛corrode腐蚀total volume总容量fuel specification燃料规范useful volume日用燃油量abrasive研磨;刮磨morning dew on the lawn草坪上的露水clog堵塞settle沉淀acc elerate加速w ithdraw取出thic ken变稠shutoff valve关闭阀gelatin胶状,白乳胶foreign particles杂质refiner炼油厂家stainless steel不锈钢reputable supplier信得过的供应商brass or copper紫铜50-mesh50 目（滤网）trash垃圾;赃物solvent溶剂paralle l并联metal spacer金属垫片sludge泥渣stationary blades静止不动的叶片hand primer手油泵scheduled time定时restric t限制metal-edge strainer金属片缝式粗滤器perforate射孔;钻孔filter e lement滤芯disposable一次性使用的bag filter袋式（筒式）过滤芯helical springs螺旋型弹簧velocity速度insoluble gums不溶解胶质primary (secondary)filter一次（二次）过滤cut off fuel flow切断燃油in good shape工作状态好impurity杂质final-stage filter最后一级过滤virtually实际上synthetic cloth（化学）合成布料shed lint掉绒毛stringent environment laws 严格的环保法micropore paper filter微孔纸滤芯accordion pleats手风琴的褶spin-on fuel filter旋上的燃油滤芯resemble相似gasket垫子;垫片receptacle接头;插口water separator水分离器centrifuge离心力magnify扩大the pump stay primed燃油泵充满燃油lobe叶片interm esh相互啮合overflow溢出screw fittings螺丝接头flared fittings扩口接头soldered copper fittings铜焊接头paraffin石蜡solid wax固态蜡plugged tees三通堵头elbow弯头bends in the line管线上的弯头unions由壬（管接头）galvanized pipe镀锌管leakproof seal防漏密封by the same token同样,同样的原因flexible hose柔性; 挠性come apart裂开;分开reinforc e加固;加强braided steel钢丝编织带booster pump增压泵bleed- off valve排气阀expel驱逐misfire不爆发;燃烧不好;燃烧延时air knocking气击（气塞）dissolve溶解meter the fuel计量燃油quantity数量duration时限coarse粗的oxygen氧气multipump injectors多泵式喷油系统unit fuel injectors泵-喷嘴式喷油系统distributor injectors分配器式喷油系统common-rail-or pressure-time injectors共集油管式喷油系统lifter挺杆groove凹槽isolate孤立;单独rack-and-pinion gear齿条-齿轮系统governor调速器counterclockwise rotation 反时针旋转vert ical垂直的slot槽口recessed area凹面circumference圆周bevel倒角,斜面slant斜角;斜面shrink收缩regulatory agency（法律） 条规部门emission laws（气体）排放法sophistcated electronic control 精密电子控制 precise injection timing and metering 精确定时喷油和计量油量 cam follower凸轮从动件dowel 销钉check valve cage出油阀室spring cage弹簧室spill deflector溢流导流套gear retainer齿轮支撑环control rack控制齿条pump barrel or bushing泵筒或泵套quantity数量continuous fuel flow连续油流fuel-return line燃油返回管线air-pockets气穴;气囊firing order发火顺序numeric al sequenc e序号cavity孔腔delivery valve assembly输油阀（出油）总成fuel metering control燃油计量控制系统plunger tappet return spring柱塞挺杆返回弹簧face or end gear ring端面齿圈tappet assembly挺杆总成pump operating lever泵操纵杆hydraulic head扬程,液压头control sleeve滑套throttle up加油lengthen延长header(common rail)共集油管interval时间间隔rack-and-pinion gear齿条-齿轮装置twirl旋转flyw eight飞锤counteract反作用c oiled spring盘簧spring-loaded centrifugal governor弹簧承载离心调速器speed droop转速降from no-load to full-load从空载到满载hunting振荡sensitivity灵敏度isochronous governor同步调速器mechanical linkage机械联结promptness迅速overspeed governor超速调速器load-limit governor载荷限制调速器variable-speed governor变速调速器preset value预定值from idle to maximum speed 空转到满速speed-limiting governor限速调速器constant-speed governor恒速调速器mechanical governor机械调速器bar-shape yoke条状支撑盘fuel-regulating mechanism燃油调节机构speeder spring调速弹簧two-speed governor双速调速器direct-acting governor正作用调速器disadvantage不利的地方;缺陷furnish提供hydraulic governor液压调速器pilot valve导阀fluctuation波动compensator补偿器antic ipate估计;预计power piston动力活塞infrequent频率低;不频繁alternating current交流电AC generator交流发电机sluggishly缓慢地overresponse响应过激reversible electric motor双向电动机synchronize同步schematic图loading piston承载活塞restoring lever复位杆output shaft输出轴centering screw定心螺丝compensating land补偿区（面）control land控制区（面）solenoid coils电磁线圈level adjustment spring液位调节弹簧adjustable bracket调节支架two-way switch双向开关tachometer转速表frequency meter频率表reverse-acting actuator反向致动器fuel modulator燃油调节器trip跳闸power spring强力弹簧latch钩锁destructive friction毁坏性摩擦metal to metal contact金属对金属摩擦gummy compound胶质物clearanc e间隙relief valve减压阀pick up dirt夹带赃物;积聚赃物foreign matter(material)杂质;外来物ethylene glycol=antifreeze乙二醇=防冻液sink下沉corrosion inhibitor防腐剂utilize利用chromates铬盐酸charc oal木炭heat exchanger热交换器filtering element滤芯hollow tube空心管interchangeable互换的surge tank上水室oil cooler机油散热（冷却）器bottom tank下水室safety shutoff安全停机heat-conductive metal fins传热金属片flow rate流量moving raw water bath流动的生水室fine-mesh bronze screen细目铜滤网compactness紧凑pressure gauge压力表pockets(jackets) around the valve 气门水套bypass valve旁通阀pressured cooling system加压冷却系统coolant冷却液optimal operation最佳运行exit出口thermostat恒温器crank throw曲柄弯temperature regulator温度调节器polish抛光radiator core散热器芯adjacent rod bearing邻近活塞杆轴承air tunnel(air ducts)风道wrist pin活塞销dead spac e死角spurt onto the bottom of the pistonair stagnation空气滞留喷到活塞的底部automatic shutter自动百叶窗valve stem气门杆offset抵消pushrod guide推杆导套dissolved mineral溶解矿物质timing gear train正时齿轮系统calcium carbonate (lime)碳酸钙（石灰质）rubbing surface摩擦表面insulator隔热材料speed limiter速度限制器cast iron生铁restart lubrication system预润滑系统hydrogen sulfide硫化氢pressure up加压carbon dioxide二氧化碳oil pan油底壳decaying leaves and vegetationspring-operated explosioncover腐烂的树叶和植物弹簧作用的防爆门creek or pond河流或溏堰slum shut砰地一声关上copper alloy铜合金flutter百叶窗silt淤泥foam泡沫organic material有机物detergent清洁剂tension on the belt皮带绷紧程度varnish积炭the belt slips皮带打滑residues残炭airtight气密的dispergent分散剂collapse失效;崩溃suspend悬浮enclosure围住;围栏impurity杂质ventilation通风sulfur硫account for占;说明;解释neutralize中和 ; 稀释substract减去identify辨认,辨别debris残留物c ertify证明closed shell闭式壳体里carbon deposits积炭engine temperature switch柴油机温度开关observant motorman警觉的机工divert转移;转向radiation散热nx 八、immersion heater temperature switch浸没式加热器温度开关overflow溢流valve guide气门套管aftercooler中间冷却器air clearner空气滤清器oil bath cleaner油浴式滤清器steel tube with vanes带有导流片的钢管swirl漩涡vacuator valve排空阀soot烟灰;烟尘soak浸泡rap敲击inner cup and outer cup内油杯和外油杯entrained oil夹带的油blockage堵塞run a swab抽一抽子scribed line刻线air leaks漏气Roots blower罗茨鼓风机spiraled (helical) rotors螺旋转子leading edge (travelling edge) of the lobe叶轮前缘（后缘）lock washer缩紧垫片coupling hub接箍盘bearing spacer轴承隔离圈end plates端面盖板turbine涡轮modify conventional oil pump改进传统机油泵ambient air inlet环境空气入口quench熄灭muffler(exhaust silencer)消音器tail pipe尾管two banks of cylinder两列气缸lessen减少contract收缩manometer压力表condensate trap冷凝水收集器barking sound响声baffle plates缓冲板fibreglass玻璃纤维diminish使减少pulsating flow脉冲流fade out渐弱;消失accommodate使适应;容纳cut on a bias切成斜口noisy puff冒烟时噪音大stack烟囱;排气管;通风管starter启动机hand crank手摇曲柄timer计时器ring gear齿圈circumference圆周面friction clutch摩擦离合器solenoid电磁式启动开关 ; 螺线线圈cutout system切断系统lead-acid battery铅-酸电池oxide氧化物electrolyte电解液negative terminal负极终端（接线柱）grounding strap接地母线pry bars橇杠set off爆炸specific weight比重hydrometer比重计sphere小球centerline中心线scale刻度electric starter电动启动机cover band卡箍pole shoe(laminated)极阶（层绕）field coil励磁线圈center bearing中间轴承bushing轴套drive housing传动壳体armature电枢commutator整流子brush电刷commutator end frame整流子端盖oiler黄油嘴linkage拉杆shift lever操纵杠杆bronze bearing青铜轴承air-motor starter风动马达启动机strike the vanes冲击叶轮engage挂合disengage摘开air reservoir气罐oiler（机油）油雾器malfunction运行不正常disassemble拆卸procedure步骤hydraulic starter nitrogen gas high cranking speed recycle charge initial cost gasoline engine starter hand cranking hand lever get under wayrelease compressed air starter bar the engine the rim of the engines flywheel worm gearkeep track of pulse respiration pyrometer thermometer alert exceed dilution obstruction stuck erode a sand bank sensor premature wear condense thermal shock notify generator s windings safety shutdown device overspeed trip device shut off the fuel液压启动机 氮气 高速盘车 再循环;重复利用 蓄压 初始费用 汽油启动机 手动盘车 手动操纵杆 正在运行中 脱开;释放 压缩空气启动机 用橇杠盘动柴油机 飞轮轮缘 蜗杆齿轮 跟踪 脉搏;脉冲 呼吸 高温温度表 温度表 机警的 超过 稀释 障碍 卡住 冲蚀沙岸 传感器 提前磨损 冷凝 热冲击 通知 发电机线圈 安全停车装置 过速跳闸装置 截断燃油compound two engines 两台柴油机并车运行in high geargear ratiosrelayin conjunction with remedy a malfunction cutoff valve shutdown solenoid blowout air-shutoff valve fire extinguisher在高速挡运行 齿轮比 继电器 结合;与协力 （补救）排除故障 关断阀 停机线圈 井喷 空气切断阀 灭火器displace移置;挤走alignment对直;对中thoroughly彻底put into service投入使用glaz e积炭loading switch负荷开关frictional drag摩擦拉缸rated running rmp额定转速spell trouble招来麻烦take into account考虑breaker switch断路开关on the lookout for leaks监视溢漏keep records of记录spot abnormal performance见到运行不正常情况light haze轻微混浊mercury汞柱become visible变得看得见bear greatly on the maintenance schedule与维修时间计划有很大关系alternator交流发电机rec tify整流copper rotor windings转子铜线圈commutator bar整流条at first glance乍一看segmented ring断开的滑环retangular loop（四方形） 矩形回路electromagnet电磁铁magnetic flux磁通线parallel平行be composed of由 组成perpendicular垂直的;正交的stator定子stator winding定子绕组exciter励磁器armature电枢laminated disks叠片（铁心）slip ring滑环deflect偏移;偏斜stall停止不动electromagnetic field磁场rheostat变阻器variable resistor变阻器control hookup控制线路图scalloped lines扇贝线top drive顶驱assignment switch负荷分配开关contactor接触器air throttle空气节流阀ammeter电流表reversing switch反向开关pneumatic controls气动控制plug-in type插接式interlock联锁follow lock-out and tag-out procedures按照切断电路,挂牌告示的程序进行维修moisture湿气binding of moving parts活动部件粘结lintless cloth不掉毛的织物grooved or streaked commutator带有沟槽或条纹的整流子out of round失圆pigtail软线spring shunt弹簧分路线backup后备通路frayed shunts损坏的分路线burned arc chutes烧坏的走线架terminal strips接线条come into ones own获得应有的信誉solicon-controlled rectifier(SCR)可控硅整流器thyristors闸流晶体管diode二极管gate voltage闸门电压oscilloscope示波器sine wave正旋波throttle signal调节信号gate-control system（闸门电压控制系统）控制级AC bus(common bus)母线;总线bus bar汇流排cabinet控制柜SCR converterSCR 转换器reverse current relay逆功率（电流）继电器keep a close eye on.密切注意emphasize强调synchronous speed同步转速generators on line并网发电机synchronizing panel同步盘jolt冲击synchroscope整步表sense module传感模块bunkhouse cooling and heating井场宿舍空调和取暖系统
展开阅读全文