初三英语知识点汇总(介词连词)

教育学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：3学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：XX 课 题介词，连词学习教学目的1.熟练掌握中考介词考点2.熟练掌握中考连词考点授课日期年月日教学内容Step 1 介词考点学习1、介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词，不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词，如：out of（从中出来），because of（因为），away from（距离），on top of（在顶上），ever since（自从），next to（在隔壁），according to（根据），in front of（在前方）等。2、介词的分类表： 地点（位置、范围）介词：above在前，about在附近，across在对面，after在后面， against倚着，along在近旁，among在中间，around在周围，round在周围，at在处，before在前，behind在后，below低于，beside在旁边，between在之间，by在旁，down在下面，from来自，in在里面，inside在里面，near靠近，of在之中，on在上面，out of在之外，outside在外面，over在上方，under在下方，up在上面，on top of在顶部，in front of在前，close to靠近，in the middle of在的中间，at the end of在的末端，等等。 方向（目标趋向）介词：across横越，against对抗，along沿着，around绕着，round环绕，at朝着，behind向后面，etweenand从到,by路过/通过，down向下，for向，from从/离，in进入，into进入，inside到里面，near接近，off脱离/除，on向上，out of向外，outside向外，over跨过，past经过/超过，through穿过，to向/朝，towards朝着，on to到上面，onto到上面，up向上，away from远离 时间介词：about大约，after在以后，at在（时刻），before在以前，by到为止，during在期间，for有（之久），from从（时）起，in在（上/下午），在（多久）以后，on在（某日），past过了（时），since自从（至今），through 贯穿（期间），till直到时，until直到时，to到（下一时刻），ever since从那时起至今，at the beginning of在开始时，at the end of在末 ，in the middle of在当中，at the time of在时 方式介词：as作为/当作，by用/由/乘坐/被，in用（语言），like与一样，on骑（车）/徒（步），通过（收音机/电视机），over通过（收音机），through通过，with用（材料），用（手/脚/耳/眼），without没有 涉及介词: about关于，except除了，besides除了还for对于/就而言，in在（方面），of的，有关，on关于/有关，to对而言，towards针对，with就而言 其它介词: 目的介词：for为了，from防止，to为了 原因介词：for因为.，with由于，because of因为 比较介词：as与一样，like象一样，than比.，to与相比，unlike与不同 伴随/状态介词：against和一起（比赛），at在（上班/休息/上学/家，etc.），in穿着（衣服/颜色），into变成，on在（值日），with与一起，有/带着/长着，without没有/无/不与一起3、介词短语的句法作用：介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词，可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came .（状）/The woman is from the countryside.（定）/The teacher is now with the pupils.（表）（老师现在和学生在一起）4、介词短语在句子中的位置： 介词短语做状语时，如果表示时间/地点，可以放在句首或句尾，如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较，一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时，只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.（状语）/ They searched the room for the thief. / The letters are for you.（表语）/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?（定语）5、重要注释：（1）this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao./ He had a bad cold that week.（2）for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，常翻译成“对于而言”。如：Its too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour. / The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.、（3）of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：Its very nice/kind of you to do so.（4）介词有时会与它的宾语分离，而且宾语前置。当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of./ Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词，后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on.（5）记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in（到达），on foot（步行），notat all（根本不），to the north of（在以北），in the east of（在的东部），in the night（在夜间），at night（在晚上），be afraid of（害怕），be full of（充满/ 装满），be filled with（充满/ 装满），be good/bad for（对有益/有害），be made of（由做成），be made from（由制造），play with（玩耍），look out of（朝外面看），at the end of（在末梢/结束时），by the end of（不迟于/到末为止），with the help of或with ones help（在的帮助下），look after（照料），look for（寻找），on a bike（=by bike）骑车， help sb. with（帮某人做），get on （well） with（与某人相处融洽），等等。6、某些介词的用法辨析：（1）时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里（在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后），on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间；表示地点时，in表示在某个范围之内，on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触，at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th./ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning./ His glasses are right on his nose./ He is at the cinema at the moment.（2）after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after（具体时刻/从句）”表示“在时刻之后”常用于一般时态；“in（一段时间）”表示“在（多久）之后”，常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00. / My father is coming back from England in about a month.（3）since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since（具体时刻/that-从句）”表示“自从起一直到现在”，“for （一段斶间）”表示“总共有之久”，都常用于完成时态；如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970. / Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. 、（4）by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”，但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以方式”，在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字，with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet./ Please write that article（文章） in English./ Lets go to the zoo by taxi. / It was written by Lao She.（5）about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关”，但是about的意义比较广，而on主要表示“有关（专题/课程）”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America. / They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.（6）through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过（门洞/人群/树林）”； across和over可以指“跨越（街道/河流）”，可互换，但是表示“翻过”时只能用over. 如：Just then a rat （鼠）ran across the road./ There is a bridge across/over the river. / They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time./ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.（7）as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像”，但是as译为“作为”，表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实，而like译为“像一样”，表示外表，不是事实。如：Let me speak to you as a father. （说话者是听者的父亲） / Let me speak to you like a father. （说话者不是听者的父亲）（8）at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别：at the end of既可以表示时间也可以表示地点，译为“在末；在尽头”，常与过去时连用；by the end of只能表示时间，译为“在前；到为止”，常用于过去完成时； in the end与at last基本等义，表示“终于、最后”，通常用于过去时；to the end译为“到的终点为止”，前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III. / At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows. / They left for Beijing at the end of last week. / In the end he succeeded in the final exams. / We should go on with the work to the end. / Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.（9）for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别：for a moment“一会儿、片刻”（=for a while），常与持续性动词连用；for the moment“暂时、目前”，常用于现在时；in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”（=soon; in a few minutes），一般用于将来时；at the moment“此刻，眼下”（=now），用于现在进行时。如：Please wait for a moment. / Lets leave things as they are for the moment./ Ill come back in a moment. / I am very busy at the moment.（10）but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时，要注意：如果前面有do，后面就用原形动词，前面没有do时，后面的动词要加to。如：I could do nothing but wait. / They had no choice（选择） but to fight.（11）in front of 与in the front of： in front of“在的前面”，与in the front of“在的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall,/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk. （12）except与besides的区别：except“除了”，表示排除掉某人物，即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含，即“不仅又”。如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.）（Tom没有去故宫）/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects. （“汉语”也是他学的功课之一）练一练1. -Thank you _ the beautiful flowers! -Not at all.A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. Can you answer this question _ English?A. by B. in C. with D. from3. Look _ the map _ China _ the wall, please.A. after, of, in B. a, of, in C. after, in, on D. at, of, on 4. -When did Mr.Green arrive in London?-He arrived there _ the evening of December 6th.A. at B. in C. on D. to5. We won the relay race.And there was a big smile _ our teachers face.A. off B. near C. on D. between6. The twins got on well _ their classmates.A. to B. in C. with D. about7. -Please remember to come to my birthday party.-I see. Ill come _ Saturday evening.A. in B. at C. on D. for8. Lets hurry, or well be late _ schoolA. to B. at C. with D. for9. They will have a maths test _ two daysA. for B. at C. in D. after10. My brother joined the army _.A. 1989, March B. in March, 1989C. March, 1989D. 1989, in March 11. He couldnt work out the maths problem _ your helpA. without B. under C. for D. with12. Granny took one look at us _ her glassesA. by B. through C. on D. in13. We had our breakfast _ a quarter _ sevenA. /, to B. in, to C. at, to D. on, to14. I learn French _ the radio every dayA. on B. in C. from D. at15. Its good manners to wait _ lineA. in B. on C. at D. withKeys：1【答案】 D. 【析】由于某事向某人道谢应用for。2【答案】 B. 【析】in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.3【答案】 D. 【析】look at 为“看”，而on the wall为“在墙表面挂着”，而in the wall 则是“在墙内”，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。4【答案】 C. 【析】in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on，如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。5【答案】 C. 6【答案】 C. 【析】get on well with与人相处很好。7【答案】 C. 8【答案】 D.【析】be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Dont come late to school9【答案】 C.【析】三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after， after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。10【答案】 B.【析】在月份、年、前用介词in，而日子前用on。11【答案】 A.【析】在某人帮助下应用with， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily而要是没有你的帮助则用 without your help12【答案】 B.【析】through 为穿过。13【答案】 C.【析】具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。14【答案】 A.【析】从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。15【答案】 A.【析】in line 为排队。Step 2 连词考点学习1、连词的含义：连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。2、连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。（1）并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有：and（和），but（但是），or（或者，否则），nor（也不）， so（所以）， however（然而，无论如何），for（因为），still（可是），as well as（也），both.and.（和）， not only .but also.（不但而且）， either or（或或），neither nor（既不也不）等。（2）从属连接词用于引导从句，常见的从属连接词有：when（当时候），while（正当时候），after（在之后），before（在之前），since（自从），until（直到），although/though（虽然），if（假如），as（如一样；由于），as as（和一样），as far as（就而言），as long as（只要），as soon as（一就），even if（即使）， because（因为），unless （除非），than（比），whether （是否），in order that（为了），sothat（如此以致），so that（以便），now that（现在既然），by the time（到时候），every time（每当），as if（仿佛），no matter when（或whenever）（无论何时），no matter where（或wherever）（无论在哪里）等。辨析（1）because、as、since、for的用法：because（因为）表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系，从句一般放在主句后面；另外，回答why的问句只能用because. as（因为）表示一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since（既然）表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for（因为）是并列连词，语气较弱，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill./ As all of you have got here, now, lets go to the zoo./ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. / We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00. （2）if、whether的区别：表示“是否”时，if和whether同义，引导宾语从句，另外，whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句（以及同位语从句）等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，（主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则）。如：I dont know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的） 注意下列情况只能用whether不能用if：引导主语从句，引导表语从句，引导从句作介词宾语，引导不定式短语，引导让步状语从句，在动词discuss之后，在wonder / not sure之后，在if与whether含义易混时。如：Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question. （引导主语从句） / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not. （作动词的宾语） / Hainan is the place to be, whether its summer or winter. （引导让步状语从句）/ Please let me know whether you need my help. （引导宾语从句）（如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”）（3）while、when、as的用法区别：while常表示一个较长的动作，它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作，主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；as与上两词同义，可替换while和when， 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，常译为“一边一边”。如：Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. / Ill go home when I have finished my job. / They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming./ As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly. （4）till/until与nottill/until的区别：前者表示一个延续性的动作，后者表示一个才开始的动作。如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return. （stay这个动作一直进行到你return） / They wont go on working until they get what they think is reasonable. 另外till与until基本可以互换，但是在句首时只能用until，不能用till. 如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing. / Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（倒装句）（5）though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”，均不可以与but同时使用，但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词，比较正式，一般可以换为though； though“虽然、尽管、即使”，还可以与even连用（=even if），表示“即使、纵然”，作副词时意思是“然而、不过”，不能放在句首。如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes./ she wont leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper./ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.（6）prefer torather than与preferto的区别：prefer torather than后面都是用动词原形，preferto都是用动名词或名词。如：I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. 练一练1. We bought Granny a present, _ she didnt like it.A. but B. and C. orD. so 2. Run quickly, _ well miss the early train.A. and B. but C. so D. or 3. Ill give the book to him _ he comes back.A. since B. as soon as C. before D. until 4. Dont cross the road _ the light turns green.A. when B. while C. until D. as 5. Miss Gao has been a teacher _ 1990.A. before B. after C. since D. in 6. - Which would you like better, tea _ milk? - Tea, please.A. but B. and C. or D. with 7. We love spring _ theres beautiful flowers every where.A. though B. but C. or D. because 8. Please leave _ 700, then youll be able to get _ there earlier.A. till, in B. from, / C. before, / D. behind, to 9. The teacher didnt begin the lesson _ all the students stopped talking.A. until B. after C. if D. because 10. Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday _ she was ill.A. but B. until C. if D. because 11. You must start right now, _ youll miss the train.A. forB. and C. so D. or 12. _ he is a child of six, he can read and write.A. Whose B. If C. Though D. Because 13. I like fish, _ chicken, _ eggs.A. and, andB. and, with C. /, and D. and, / 14. Take this dictionary with you _ you may use it in class.A. when B. in order to C. but D. so that 15. I hope _ will be fine tomorrow.A. it B. what C. whether D. when Keys：1【答案】 A. 【析】由于句意的原因，应选择转折连词。2【答案】 D. 【析】or这里应译为：否则。3【答案】 B. 【析】as soon as 引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。4【答案】 C. 【析】until应译为“直到才”，因为前面的祈使句为否定句。又如：She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 应译为直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉。5【答案】 C. 【析】因为主句为完成时，所以应用 since表示该动作的启始点。6【答案】 C. 【析】在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。7【答案】 D. 【析】因为这里表示的是因果关系。8【答案】 C. 【析】before为在700之前离开。9【答案】 A. 【析】这句应译为“直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课”。因begin为瞬间动词，所以应用否定句。10【答案】 D. 【析】这里是表示因果关系，所以应用because。因为她病了所以未去看电影。11【答案】 D. 【析】or译为“否则”。本句句意为：你必须马上走了，否则要赶不上火车了。12【答案】 C. 【析】这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句，应译为：虽然他才是个6岁的孩子，他却可以读书和写字。13【答案】 C. 【析】在有若干个名词或动词出现时，每一个词之间只用逗号连接，只在最后两个词之间加and。如：The old man passed the street, went into a shop and bought some food。14【答案】 D. 【析】so that应译为“为的是”。本句句义为：带上字典，为的是在上课时可能有用。而in order to 其后应接动词不定式，如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。15【答案】 A. 【析】hope后接的是宾语从句，而且宾语从句中少主语，应用it来代替天气。Step 3阅读训练 社会新闻词数 227 难度 建议用时 430 实际用时 _Advertising is highly developed in the twenty-first century and has become a part of our life. The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising. Why is advertising so popular? Is it a waste of money? It has been believed again and again that repeated advertising increases product sales. Since it increases production, the price can be lower. So advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, makes it cheaper.Advertising is now a scientific business. Once managers would say jokingly, Most of us know that half of what we spend on advertising is wasted, but we dont know which half. Now, all parts of an advertising program are well studied.What makes a good advertisement? There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years. People read advertisements partly for information and partly for pleasure. Todays advertisements often start with a question, for attracting the readers attention. Of course, most advertisements have some information. But this is usually in a subject that is interesting and often funny. To be interesting is very important. Sometimes advertisements tell a story, or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements. However, there is a danger in this. It is possible that the reader will remember the advertisement but not the name of the product.生词速查advertising 广告业product 产品production 产量attract 吸引( )1. The aim of advertising is.A. to increase product salesB. to make a product much betterC. to spend more moneyD. to lower the price( )2. Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined phrase hand in hand?A. Here and there. B. Again and again. C. As usual. D. At the same time. ( )3. What is meant by the managers in the second paragraph?A.All the money on advertising was wasted.B.Not all the advertisements were good enough.C. All the managers knew about advertising very well.D.Managers spent no money on advertising.( )4. What does the writer think of advertising?A. Useless.B. Unnecessary.C. Important. D. Wasteful.( )5. Which of the following is true according to this article?A.Advertising is a waste of money.B.Advertising makes products more expensive.C.Advertising is just for fun and pleasure.D.Some advertisements might make people not pay attention to the product itself.词数 268 难度 建议用时 530 实际用时 _阅读短文，根据短文内容回答所提问题。The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported warnings about the A/H1N1 flu by raising its alert level. By May 7, the WHO reported a total of 1,893 confirmed cases of human infection in 23 countries and regions, including 31 deaths. China will communicate with the WHO and take measures to prevent the outbreak of the A/H1N1 flu on the mainland.On May 18, a reporter from CCTV interviewed Shu Yuelong, Director of the Chinese National Influenza Center, after it got the first A/H1N1 flu virus sample from an imported case on May 17. This first virus sample was taken from a patient from Sichuan Province. Shu Yuelong said, All the cases we have now are being imported. We want to know whether the virus in our cases is the same being seen in other countries. After getting this virus sample, we worked overnight to test it. We found it similar to samples gotten in the United States and Canada. We can say they are the same virus or the same type of virus. The virus has not mutated after spreading to China. But we cannot say for sure that it wont mutate after entering China. So we have to continue our work of virus testing. Health experts say that the symptoms of the A/H1N1 flu are similar to those of the regular flu, including headaches, coughing and fever. They suggest that people with cold symptoms should take a rest at home. When symptoms become serious, people should go to a hospital. They also suggest that people should stay away from crowds to avoid the possibility of virus infection.生词速查cases 确诊病例 infection 感染virus sample 病毒样本 imported case 输入病例mutate 变异 6.Whats the passage mainly about?7. Where was the first A/H1N1 flu virus sample taken from in China?8. Are the experts sure that the virus wont mutate after entering China?9.What do the symptoms of the A/H1N1 flu include?10.What should you do if you have a bad cold according to health experts suggestions?1. A 通过阅读第一段可以知道广告业的目的是增加产品销售。2. D 在此hand in hand是指在同时。3. B 第二段说明了广告业目前存在的弊端是部分广告不可信。4. C 通过文章内容可知作者认为广告业的重要性。5. D 综合全文作者认为广告业不是浪费钱，而是促销并降低成本，但对目前广告业的发展谈了自己的见解和认 识，特别是最后两句话值得深思。6. The A/HINl flu. 综合全文可知答案。7. Sichuan Province. 由第二段第二句可得到答案。8. No, they arent. 由第二段可得到答案。9. Headaches, coughing and fever. 第三段开头做了说明。10. We should go to a hospital. 由第三段可得到答案。Step 4小结思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面