中石油职称英语2013版(60课全)

中石油职称英语2013版说明：2010原有的40课不记得下载的谁整理的了。43、45、48、49、60等5课感谢lzshkjp37、38、41课由石油人整理，一并感谢。目录1 、The Value of Time32、English is a Crazya.疯狂的 Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言43 All I Learned in Kindergartenn.幼儿园幼儿园所学的74、How to negotiate with americans(需补充)95、Network Security96、Carbon-based Alternativeadj.非传统的,不同的 碳基替代燃料127、Automatic Auto: A Car That Drives Itself148、our Family Creed199、The art of publicadj.公共的；公开的 Speaking 公共演讲的艺术2110、Investing in clean energy2411.Smoking and Cancern.癌症 吸烟和癌2512The Positive Meanings of Love2813Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits3214.Taking chances(chance):n.机会；可能性,Making chances(chance):n.机会；可能性 抓住机遇，制造机遇3715.The Provincen.省 of Albertan.亚伯达加拿大西部之一省 阿尔伯达省4016、The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观4217, Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity 计算机技术极大提高生产效率(新）4419.A World without Oiln.油 假如世界没有石油4720、The Germanica.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的 Languages日耳曼语系5021.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食5322.The Delights(delight):n.快乐 vt.使快乐 of South Island 南岛之乐5623.A Sandpipern.矶鹞 to Bring You Joyn.欢乐；高兴；乐趣 矶鹞带来快乐5824.An Introductionn.引进；介绍 to Distillationn.蒸馏 蒸馏概述6325. Hints(hint):n.暗示,示意 to Improvevt.改进；更新 Spoken English 提高英语口语须知6726.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜6927.The Delightn.快乐 vt.使快乐 of Books 书之乐趣7228.The Magicadj.有魔力的 of Energyn.精力；能量 能的魔力7529、How to Reduce Employee Turnover7830、 That Other Woman in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人”8031.Geographyn.地理；地理学 of USA 美国地理概况8332. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerptn.摘录) 参考译文：老人与海(节选)8633.Petroleumn.石油 Geologyn.地质学;(某地)地质 and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学9034.What Do Parents Owevt.欠(债等) Their Children 父母欠子女什么？9335、Trends for the 21st Century9736.You Betv.打赌 Your Life 以命相赌9937. Radiation and Human Health10238，To Be Content with Ones Lot乐天知命错误!未定义书签。39.I Didnt Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学11440.An Introductionn.引进；介绍 to Petrochemicals(petrochemical):a.石化的 n.石化产品 石油化工产品概述11841、The Subject of Smiling微笑问题12242.A $210,000 WALLETn.(放钞票等的)皮夹子1 价值21万美元的钱包12943、Whats Your Best Time of Day?何时是你一天中最佳的时间？13844.Fundamentala.基本的,根本的 Techniques(technique):n.技术；方法 in Handling(handle):n.柄，把手 People 处理人际关系的基本技巧14945，Happiness Index幸福指数（新）15746.Becoming Wealthya.富的:Its Up to You 致富取决于你自己16447.Oiln.油（油）17248，Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减（新）17951.Not Quite Ready to Retirev.退下;离开1 退休为时尚早20152.Sales(sale):n.卖；出售 Promotionn.提升,晋级 产品促销21254.Why To Markvt.标明；作记号于 a Book 怎样在书上做标记22755.Earths Last Frontiern.新领域,未知领域:The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域23656.Why Antarctican.南极洲 Is Being Explored(explore):v.勘探;探究 为什么要勘探南极洲24557.Listening Faults(fault):n.缺点；毛病 聆听的误区25658.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人26659.The Audacityn.大胆,厚颜 of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧27760, Future of Energy能源的未来（新）2891 、The Value of TimeRobert William Service“Time” says the proverb “is money.” This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible (可转换的) into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a bank-note; and that an hour utilized is tantamount（与等同） to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.Moreover, our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. We are shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an hour or of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live. A day or an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeited(没收，丧失). Let us bear this in mind, and waste of time will appear to us in the light of a crime as culpable（该责备的） as suicide itself.There is a third consideration which will also tend to warn us against loss of time. Our life is a brief span measuring some sixty or seventy years in all, but nearly one half of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some over dressing and undressing; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merry-making, either on our own account or for the sake of others; some in celebrating religious and social festivities; some in watching over the sick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives. Now if all these years were to be deducted from the term over which our life extends we shall find about fifteen or twenty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life. “It is astonishing” says Lord Chesterfield “that anyone can squander(浪费，挥霍) away in absolute idleness one single moment of that portion of time which is allotted to us in this world. Know the true value of time; snatch, seize, and enjoy every moment of it!”All time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence. For those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and develop our faculties and capacities. If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away unutilized, we shall never be able to recoup (补偿损失) the loss. As we grow older, our power of acquisition gets blunted, so that the art or science which is not acquired in childhood or youth will never acquired at all. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages. “Every moment you lose” says Lord Chesterfield “is so much character and advantage lost; as on the other hand, every moment you now employ usefully is so much time wisely laid out at prodigious(巨大的，庞大的) interest. ”A proper employment of time is of great benefit to us from a moral point of view. Idleness is justly said to the rust of the mind and an idle brain is said to be Satans workshop. It is mostly when you do not know what to do with yourself that you do something ill or wrong. The mind of the idler preys upon itself. As Watts has said:In works of labour or of skillLet me be busy too;For Satan finds some mischief still For idle hands to do.2、English is a Crazya.疯狂的 Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言1.Lets face it-English is a crazya.疯狂的 language. There is no egg in eggplantn.茄子 nor hamn.火腿 in hamburgern.汉堡包; neither apple nor pinen.松树,松木 in pineapplen.凤梨,波罗. English muffins(muffin):n.松饼 werent invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats(sweetmeat):n.糖果,甜食,蜜饯 are candies(candy):n.糖;巧克力 while sweetbreads(sweetbread):n.小牛,小羊的胰脏或胸腺,which arent sweet,are meat.1.让我们接受现实吧-英语是一种疯狂的语言。茄子（eggplantn.茄子，字面意为鸡蛋植物）里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包（hamburgern.汉堡包，字面意为火腿夹饼）里也没有火腿。同样，菠萝（pineapplen.凤梨,波罗，字面意为松树苹果）里既没有松鼠也没有苹果。松饼（English muffinn.松饼，字面意为英式松饼）并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条（French fries，字面意为法式油炸食品）也不是法国人的发明。“甜肉”（sweetmeatn.糖果,甜食,蜜饯）指的是蜜饯，而“甜面包”（sweetbreadn.小牛,小羊的胰脏或胸腺）不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。2.We take English for granted(grant):v.给予,恩赐;同意,允许,答应. But if we explorev.勘探;探究 its paradoxes(paradox):n.自相矛盾的人或事物,we find that quicksandn.流沙,流沙地,危险状态 can work slowly,boxing rings are square and a guinean.英国往昔的金币 pig is neither from Guinean.英国往昔的金币 nor is it a pig. And why it is that writers(writer):n.作者,作家 write but fingers dont fing,grocers(grocer):n.食品商;杂货商 dont groce and hammers dont hamn.火腿? If the plurala.复数的 n.复数 of tooth is teeth,why isnt the plurala.复数的 n.复数 of boothn.小(房)间;公用电话亭 beeth? If you have one goosen.鹅；鹅肉,two geesegoose(鹅,鹅肉)的复数,why not one moosev.北美产的一种大鹿,two meese,or one indexn.食指;索引;标志;指数 v.把编索引,two indicesindex的复数?2.我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子”（quicksandn.流沙,流沙地,危险状态，流沙，也指陷阱，困境）往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈”（boxing rings，拳击场）是方的，“几内亚猪”（guinean.英国往昔的金币 pig，天竺鼠）既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。还有，既然名词作家（writers(writer):n.作者,作家）去掉词尾的rs 就可以成为动词“写作(write）”，那为什么名词“手指”（fingers）、杂货店（grocers(grocer):n.食品商;杂货商）、锤子（hammers）去掉rs就不能成为各自相应的动词呢？如果牙齿的复数是teeth，那为什么售货亭的复数不是beeth？一只鹅我们用goosen.鹅；鹅肉，两只鹅用geesegoose(鹅,鹅肉)的复数，那么，一只驼鹿用moosev.北美产的一种大鹿（单复数同形），两只驼鹿就应该是meese了？为什么一条索引是indexn.食指;索引;标志;指数 v.把编索引，两条索引却成了indicesindex的复数？3.Doesnt it seem crazya.疯狂的 that you can make amendsn.赔偿 but not one amendvt.修正,改善,vi.改过自新,or that you can combvt.梳(头发) through the annalsn.编年史 of history but not a singleadj.单个的；单一的 annal记录? If you have a bunchn.一束,一捆;一伙 of oddsn.可能性;机会 and ends and get ridv.使摆脱 of all but one of them,what do you call it?3.如果你赔偿时只能赔偿复数不能赔偿单数，这是不是很莫名其妙？你可以梳理历史的编年史，为什么却不能复习某一个单个的编年史？如果你有一堆麻烦，那么在你把其他的都解决了只剩下一个的时候该怎么说呢？4.If teachers taught,why didnt preachers(preacher):n.传道者,讲道者,牧师 praught? If a vegetariann.素食者 eats vegetables,what does a humanitariann.人道主义者,慈善家 eat?4.如果教师教学是taught，那为什么传教士不是praught？如果素食主义者（vegetariann.素食者）吃蔬菜（vegetable），那人道主义者（humanitariann.人道主义者,慈善家）吃什么？5.Sometimes I think all the English speakers(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭 should be committed(commit):v.做(不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事);犯 to an asylumn.避难所,庇护所 for the verbally(verbal):adj.文字的,用文字的 insaneadj.蠢极的,荒唐的;精神错乱的,疯狂的. In what other language do people recitev.背诵,朗诵 at a play and play at a recitaln.演出;演奏会; ship by truck and send cargon.船货,货物 by ship; have noses that run and feet that smell; park on driveways(driveway):n.(通往住宅的)车道 and drive on parkways(parkway):n.公园道路,驾车专用道路?5.有时候我觉得根据英国人说话时疯狂的用词可以将他们送进精神病院。哪一种语言人们可以在一出戏中朗诵，在朗诵中玩（分别指演戏和开独唱会）？用卡车运船，用船运货（分别只用卡车运输和用船运输）？鼻子可以跑而脚可以闻味道（分别指流鼻涕和脚有臭味）？车可以停在驾驶路上，而且在停车路上驾驶（drivewayn.(通往住宅的)车道从字面上理解是驾驶路，parkwayn.公园道路,驾车专用道路从字面上理解是停车路）。6.How can a slimadj.苗条的 chancen.机会；可能性 and a fat chancen.机会；可能性 be the same,while a wiseadj.有见识的，聪明的 man and wiseadj.有见识的，聪明的 guyn.a man or a boy are opposites,and quite a lot and quite a few are alikeadj.相同地? How can the weather be hot as helln.地狱 one day and cold as helln.地狱 another?6.为什么一个苗条的机会（slimadj.苗条的 chancen.机会；可能性，指没机会）和一个肥胖的机会（fat chantn.圣歌,赞美诗 v.吟唱,诵扬，也指没机会）意思是一样的，而一个聪明的人（wiseadj.有见识的，聪明的 man，聪明人）和一个聪明的家伙（wiseadj.有见识的，聪明的 guyn.a man or a boy，自作聪明的人）却意思相反？为什么相当多（quite a lot）和相当少（quite a few）意思一样?（实际上quite a lot和quite a few都是相当多的意思。）为什么天气可以热的像地狱也可以冷得像地狱？（as helln.地狱字面意思像地狱一样，指非常）7.You have to marvelv.惊叹 at the uniqueadj.独特的,独一无二的 lunacyn.疯狂,愚行 of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarmn.警报 clock goes off by going on.7.你不得不对这种精神病一样的语言表示惊奇，在这种语言中，你的房子在被烧下去（burn down，意为烧为平地）的同时又被烧上去（burn up，意为烧起来，烧掉）。你用填出来（fill out，意为填写）的方法填进去（fill in,意思也是填写）一个表格。闹钟在走（go on）的时候响（go off）了。8.English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects(reflect):v.反映 the creativityn.创造力 of the humann.&a.人(的)，人类(的) race. That is why,when the stars are out,they are visiblea.明显的,看得见的,but when the lights are out,they are invisibleadj.看不见的. And why,when I wind up my watch,I start it,but when I wind up this essayn.论说文,I end it?8.英语是人而不是机器创造出来的语言，它反映了人类的创造性。这也是为什么当星星出来的时候，我们是看得见的，当阳光出来（out）的时候是看不见的。同理，我“处理”我的手表之后，它就开始（走）了；而我“处理”完这篇文章后，它却结束了。3 All I Learned in Kindergartenn.幼儿园幼儿园所学的1 Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergartenn.幼儿园 .Wisdomn.智慧 was not at the top of the graduaten.毕业生 vi.大学毕业 mountainbut there in the sandpilen.沙堆 at nurseryn.托儿所 school1大部分在生活中真正需要的，包括怎样生活，该做些什么，又该怎样去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。really=真的、真正地；live=活着、生活；kindergartenn.幼儿园=幼儿园；wisdomn.智慧=智慧；graduaten.毕业生 vi.大学毕业=研究生、研究院；mountain =山；at the top of=在顶部；sandpilen.沙堆=沙堆；nurseryn.托儿所=苗圃；nurseryn.托儿所 schoo=幼儿园2 These are the things I learned：Sharevt.分享；共同使用 everything. Play fairDont hit peoplePut things back where you found them. Clean up your own messn.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟Dont take things that arent yoursSay youre sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you eat. Warm cookies(cookie):n.曲奇饼 and cold milk are good for youLive a balanced(balance):vt./n.平衡 lifeLearn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everydayadj.每日的，日常的 some2. 以下就是我从幼儿园中学到的。分享所有的东西：行为光明磊落；不要攻击别人；东西要放回原处；自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好；不要拿走不属于自己的东西；如果你伤害了别人就得道歉；饭前洗手；热的甜点和凉的牛奶对身体有益；生活要有张有弛，学点东西、想点问题、写写画画、唱唱跳跳，休息和工作，每样事天天都要干一点。These are=这些；Sharevt.分享；共同使用=共享、分分享；fair=公平的；hit=打击、击中；Put=放置；where you found them=你发现他们的地方；Clean up=清理；Clean=清洁的；own messn.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟=自己的烂摊子； messn.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟=混乱；hurt=伤害；wash=洗；before=以前、之前；warm=热乎的、温暖；cookies(cookie):n.曲奇饼=饼干；good for you=对你有好处；balanced(balance):vt./n.平衡=平衡的；draw=绘制、画；paint=涂抹、写；dance=舞蹈；some=一些；3 Take a napn.小睡 every afternoonWhen you go out into the world，watch for trafficHold hands and stick together. Be awarea.知道的,意识到的 of wondervt.想知道Remember the little seed in the plasticn.&adj.塑料(的) cup? The roots(root):n.根；根源；起源 go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or whybut we are all like that.3. 每天下午小睡一会儿。当大家外出时，注意交通安全，记得手挽手，彼此互相扶持。多多注意那些生活的奇迹。你一定还记得那个塑料杯里的小小的种子吧，它不断地往下扎根，枝叶不断地向空中伸展。没有人真正知道它在怎样生长，也不知道是为了什么。但有一点很明白，我们也像他们一样地长大。Take a napn.小睡=午睡；napn.小睡=午睡、打盹；go out=出门；into the world=走向世界；traffic=交通；Together=一起；hold=把; stick=粘；Be awarea.知道的,意识到的=注意；wondervt.想知道=奇迹；Remember=记住；seed=种子；little=小的；seed=种子；Remember=记得；plasticn.&adj.塑料(的)=塑料；roots(root):n.根；根源；起源=根；go down=向下；plant=植物；goes up=上升、生长；like=像4Goldfishn.金鱼 and hamsters(hamster):n.东欧或亚洲产的大颊的鼠类 and white mice and even the little seed in the plasticn.&adj.塑料(的) cup-they all die. So do we.4看着金鱼、仓鼠以及小白鼠甚至是花盆中小小的一颗种子，最后他们的生命部将消亡。我们明白自己同样也不能避免。goldfishn.金鱼=金鱼；hamsters(hamster):n.东欧或亚洲产的大颊的鼠类=仓鼠；mice=小白鼠；5And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word you learned，the biggest word of all：LookEverything you need to know is in there somewheread.在某处The Goldena.金(黄)色的 Rulen.规则；规定 and love and basicadj.基本的 sanitationn.卫生. Ecologyn.生态 and politicsn.政治 and saneadj.清醒的,明智的 living.5同时还记得迪克与珍妮的书，以及从书中学到的第一个词，也是最了不起的一个词：观察。你所需要了解的任何事情：包括为人的准则、爱、应注意的基本卫生，生态环境和政治哲学以及健全的生活方式，你都能在该书的某个地方找到答案。Look=看；在这里是观察的意思；biggest=最大；somewheread.在某处=某处；Rulen.规则；规定=准则；basicadj.基本的 =基本；sanitationn.卫生=卫生；Ecologyn.生态=生态；politicsn.政治=政治；saneadj.清醒的,明智的 living=理智的生活；6Think of what a better world it would be if we all-the whole world-had cookies(cookie):n.曲奇饼 and milk about 3 oclock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets(blanket):n.毛毯；毯子 for a napn.小睡 or if we had a basicadj.基本的 policyn.政策 in our nations(nation):n.民族；国家 to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own messes(mess):n.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟And it is still true，no matter how old you are，when you go out into the world，it is better to hold hands and stick together.6. 想一想，如果我们大家-全世界所有的人-每天下午3点左右都能够享受甜点和牛奶，然后盖上被单美美的睡上一小会儿；如果每一个国家都能够遵循一个基本的立国之道，即东西放回原处，自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好，那么这个世界将是多么的美好啊。无论你年龄有多大，当你出去时，当你进入社会之时，最好是和别人手牵手，相互扶持，团结一致。无论如何，这是一个颠扑不破的真理。better=较好的；lay=放置；basicadj.基本的 policyn.政策=基本的政策；nations(nation):n.民族；国家=国家；put things=整治；cleaned up=清理；go out=出去；into=进入；4、How to negotiate with americans(需补充)5、Network SecurityAs more Americans do more things online, Internet identity theft is a growingand very costlyproblem. Learn the best ways to protect yourself1. Guard Your Personal InformationNever respond to requests for personal or account information online (or over the phone). When your social security number is requested as an identifier, ask if you can provide alternate information. Watch out for convincing imitations of banks, card companies, charities and government agencies. Use legitimate sources of contact information to verify requests for information, such as your financial institutions official website or the telephone number listed on statements.2. Dont OvershareDont divulge your birth date, mothers maiden name, pets name or any other identifying information on social media websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter.3. Stay Up to DateInstall anti-virus software on your computer and keep it updated. Use the latest version of your web browser. Install security patches and software updates as soon as they are ready to install.4. Make it DifficultUse unique and hard-to-guess passwords. Dont access secure websites using public Wi-Fi.5. Beware of Fake Online Sweepstakes and ContestsAll offers that require payment or private information before giving an award are bogus. Take the time to check out the validity of an offer. Ask for contact information from the sender and details about the company running the contest. Once you start asking a lot of questions and make it clear you wont be pushed to make an immediate decision, most scammers will go away.6. Go PaperlessEnroll in electronic statements, use direct deposit, and make bill payments online (to avoid mail theft).7. Dont Believe the Work at Home HypeThoroughly conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can. If in doubt, visit a local law enforcement office and ask their opinion. All offers to earn pay for re-shipping goods sent to your address are bogus. Tragically, some work-from-home scams not only enlist the individual to defraud others, they also make an identity fraud victim out of the individual!8. Ask What Your Bank Is Doing to Protect YouUnderstand banks guarantees for fraud protection: all large providers now offer zero-liability protection for debit and credit cards, while a few offer a guarantee for online banking transactions9. Keep a Close Eye on Your FinancesMonitor your bank and credit card accounts weekly. Sign up for alerts to be sent to your mobile phone or e-mail. Monitor your credit and public information online to spot unauthorized activity. Free credit reports from each of the three major credit bureaus are available each year through . Optional fee-based services offer more extensive monitoring of credit information, personal identity records, social security numbers and online transactions.10. Report ItIf youre a victim of online fraud, contact the authorities. You can file an online report with the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)a partnership between the FBI, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Also contact your local police to file a report. The more people who report such crimes, the more criminals are arrested.6、Carbon-based Alternativeadj.非传统的,不同的 碳基替代燃料1.Althoughconj.尽管，虽然 recentadj.最近的；近来的 years have seen substantialadj.可观的,重大的 reductions(reduction):n.减少,降低 in noxiousadj.有害的,有毒的 pollutants(pollutant):n.污染物质 from individualn.个人,个体 motor vehicles(vehicle):n.机动车辆, the number of such vehicles(vehicle):n.机动车辆 has been steadilyad.稳定地；稳固地 increasing(increase):vt.增加；繁殖. Consequentlyad.因此,因而,所以, more than 100 cities in the United(unite):vi.&vt.联合，团结 States(state):n.国家；(美国的)州 still have levels(level):n.水平线；水平 of carbonn.碳 monoxiden.一氧化物, particulaten.微粒 a.微粒的 matter, and ozonen.新鲜的空气,臭氧 (generated(generate):v.发生 by photochemicala.光化学的 reactions(reaction):n.反应 with hydrocarbons(hydrocarbon):n.碳化氢 from vehiclen.机动车辆 exhaustvt.使筋疲力尽;用尽) that exceedv.超过 legally(legal):adj.法律(上)的,合法的,法定的 established(establish):v.使人接受(信仰、风俗、要求等) limits(limit):vt.限制；减少. There is a growing realizationn.意识到,领悟 that the only effectiveadj.有效的 way to achievevt.完成；达到 furtherad.更远地；进一步