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高一外研版必修三高一外研版必修三 Module 6Old and New Language points Grammar 1Grammar 1-1.Presentation Read the sentencesand find out the differences between them.1.The old man that you met at the school gate is a professor.The old man is a professor,who is over 80 years old.2.The temple which we visited last week datesfrom Song Dynasty.The temple,which is a place of interest in our hometown,dates from Song dynasty.Grammar 1-2.Practice Find the attributive clauses from Reading and Vocabulary.Possible answers:1.Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of“walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrowgorges”.2.The power of the Yangtze River,which is the worlds third longest river,has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.3.The Three Gorges Dam,which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal,has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.4.Sun Yat-sen,who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution,first suggested the idea of a dam across theYangtze River in 1919.5.More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes.Grammar 1-3.Practice Do activity 1 on page 54.1.Which of the attributive clause(in italics)contain essential information about the subject and which contain the extra information?a and d contain essential information;b and c contain extra information.2.If you take away the attributive clauses,do the sentences still make sense?a and d dont,but b and c do because the meaning stands without the extra clause.3.Which sentences have commas,the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?The one with extra information.Grammar 1-4.Summary 1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）制性）2.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词行词,对其进行修饰对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。3.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who，whom，whose等，作定语从句的等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。4.as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像正如、像”等意思。等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接后常接expect，know，report，say，see等等动词的主、被动语态句。动词的主、被动语态句。As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month众所周知，月球每个月绕地球一圈。众所周知，月球每个月绕地球一圈。Mike,as we expected,attended the meeting像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。He wasnt unconsicious,as could be judged from his eyes他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。出来。5.which引导非限制性定语从句的情况引导非限制性定语从句的情况:(1)指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点这就使得、这一点”等意等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which,of course,made the others unhappy (2)指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。词后面。在在“n.pronnum prep which”，“prep.which”定语从句里。定语从句里。They talked about a movie,the name of which Ill never forget他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long大坝长大坝长3,830米，是世界上最大的坝。米，是世界上最大的坝。先行词是独一无二的事物时。先行词是独一无二的事物时。The moon,which doesnt give out light itself,is only a satellite of the earth月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。先行词表示类属的事物时。先行词表示类属的事物时。Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都踢足球。足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都踢足球。先行词是专有名词时。先行词是专有名词时。The Nile,which used to flood every year,now runs more regularly below the dam尼罗河年年涨洪水，现在比较正常地在大坝下面尼罗河年年涨洪水，现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。流过了。先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。对比的意思。Mikes brother is a policeman,which he isnt迈克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。迈克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。和定语从句含有对比的意思。Li Ling is very clever,which Li Long isnt李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。My family,which has 35 people,is a large one我家有我家有35口人，是一个大家庭。口人，是一个大家庭。先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。Last year he went to Egypt,which is in Africa他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。6.as，which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别，又在主句末时，有时可以通用。多大差别，又在主句末时，有时可以通用。He is quite pleased,as/which can be seen from his face他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。但是，上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时，但是，上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时，就只能用就只能用as。As anybody can see,the earth is round.像任何人都能看见那样，地球是圆的。像任何人都能看见那样，地球是圆的。7.在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里，在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里，一般用一般用which引导。引导。He came to my birthday party,which I didnt expect at all我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会了。会了。8.who，whom，whose等引导非限制性定语从等引导非限制性定语从句时，指代人的普通名词、专有名词等，在定语句时，指代人的普通名词、专有名词等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。Bobs father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。His mother,whom he loved dearly,died in 1818他非常爱戴他的母亲，她死于他非常爱戴他的母亲，她死于 1818年。年。Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去住院了。金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去住院了。9.when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。作定语从句的状语。when and then，where and there。why不引导非限制性定语不引导非限制性定语从句。从句。He was quickly taken to hospital,where a doctor wanted to examine Mr Kings legs金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一个医生要检金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一个医生要检查他的腿。查他的腿。We will put off the outing until next week，when we wont be so busy我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。忙了。Grammar 1-5.Practice Do activity 2 on page 54The key to activity 2:1.Sun Yat-sen,who became President of the Republic of China in 1912,died in 1925.2.The building of the Grand Canal,which is the worlds longest canal,began in 486 BC.3.The section of the canal,which was built in the seventh century,was mainly used for rice transportation.Grammar 1-6.Practice Do activity 3 on page 54Key to activity 3:1.The Yangtze river,A,is the third longest river in the world.2.The Three Gorges Dam,C,is the biggest construction project in China.3.Mao Zedong,B,wrote a poem about a dam across the Yangtze River.Grammar 21.I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.2.I met a man who my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.Grammar 2-1.Presentation Read the sentences,find out the meaning of them and underline the attributive clauses._3.I wanted to visit the house that my grandparents lived in.4.The bus which I took back to my birth place was full of visitors from other parts of China._a I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.b I met a man who my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.Grammar 2-2.Presentation Do activity 1 on page 56.c I wanted to visit the house that my grandparents lived in.d The bus which I took back to my birth place was full of visitors from other parts of China.1.Do the first two sentences mean the same thing?Yes,they do.2.In the first two sentences,who is the subject of the verb workthe man or the grandfather?The grandfather.3.Can the words that and which be removed from the third and foruth sentences without changing the meaning?Yes,they can.当引导定语从句的关系代词充当宾语时，当引导定语从句的关系代词充当宾语时，可以省略。可以省略。当引导定语从句的关系代词充当主语时，当引导定语从句的关系代词充当主语时，则不能省略。则不能省略。Grammar 2-2.Summary Grammar 2-2.Presentation Do activity 2 on page 56 and find out the rule of the contraction of relative clauses.English attributive clauses can be reduced to various phrases such as participle phrases,adjective phrases,noun phrases,prepositional phrases and infinitive phrases.有些定语从句可有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语现象为语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语现象为定语从句的缩略。定语从句的缩略。1.缩略为分词短语：缩略为分词短语：有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（who,which,that）和部分谓语（）和部分谓语（am,is,are,Were）等，从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过等，从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。例如：去分词短语作后置定语。例如：（1）I know the men(who are)sitting in that car.（2）The boys helped the people(that were)hurt in the accident.（3）The problem(which is)bothering everybody is the lack of money.（4）The book(that has been)given to him is an English novel.有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：特征。例如：（5）The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking.The man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking.（6）Bill,who had taken chemistry in high School,offered to help him.Bill,having taken chemistry in high school,offered to help him.Grammar 2-4.Practice Do activity 3 on page 56.1.They come from a village that was submerged in the reservior.2.There are many people who prefer to live in villages.3.The dam that we saw in the film wasnt the Three Gorges Dam.Cant remove“that”Cant remove“who”Can remove“that”4.Ive got a book that has lots of informationabout Zigui County.5.The students that I met near the reservior were from Vietnam.6.I received an e-mail from my cousin who lives near the Three Gorges Dam.Cant remove“that”Can remove“that”Cant remove“who”Grammar 2-5.Practice Do activity 4 on page 56.1.The dam provides a large amount of power.They built it on the river.The dam(which/that)they built on the river provides a large amount of power.2.The power station was very modern.We visited it.The power station(which/that)We visited was very modern.3.The village is near the lake.My grandparents used to live in it.The village(which/that)my grandparents used to live in is near the lake.4.The boat went from Wuhan to Zigui.I took it.The boat(which/that)I took went from Wuhan to Zigui.1.The second book _I want to read was written by Luxun.A.which B.that C.what D.as2.Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.whichExercisesBD3.Dont talk about such things _ you are not sure of.A.those B.that C.what D.as4.I will never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effort on my life.A.that;which B.when;whichC.which;that D.when;whoDBHomeworkFinish the grammar exercise in the Workbook.Have a good revision of Todays lesson and make a summary of the use of the attributive Clauses.