初中英语语法专项习题6.介词

初中英语语法专项习题-介词常用介词介绍 （一）表示时间的介词： 1at, on, in (1)at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点” at5:30 在5:30 at sunrise日出时 at lunch午饭时 at noon 正午时 at night夜间 I get up at 6:00 everyday.我每天6:00起床。 表示“在岁”时用at the age of。 如：at the age of five.在五岁时。 (2)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如： on Monday在星期一 onApril1st在四月一日 I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。 泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。 如：On the afternoon of May 23.在五月二十三日下午。 (3)in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。 In September 在九月 in winter 在冬季 in1999 在1999年 in the 20th century 在20世纪 in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上 2for, during, through (1)for表示“一段时间”，后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。 Ive been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。 She has been ill for several days.她已经病了几天了。 表示“持续一段时间”时，for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”，而during后决不可接数字。 (2)during表示“在期间” He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期间他参观了许多美丽的地方。 What did you do during the summer vacation?你在暑假做了什么？ (3)through表示“一直，自始至终” They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。 She treated me like her brother through these years.这些年来她始终把我当哥哥对待。 3from, since (1) from表示“等时间的起点”，作“从”解，多用于“fromto/till”中。 You can come any time from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。 The exam will start from 9:00 a.m.考试将从上午九点开始。 from“从（开始）”未必持续到现在，如： from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。 而since是指“自从以来一直持续到现在” since一般只与现在完成时连用，而from不受此限。 (2)since表示“自从以来（直到现在）” He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。 We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。 for与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。 如for two hours（持续）两小时；since last week自从上周直到现在 4before, by, till, until (1)before指“在之前” Please come before ten oclock.请10点以前来。 The meeting will end after 3:00 p.m. 会议将在下午三点后结束。 表示“在以前”时，before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至为止”之意，此时可与完成时连用，而before一般不与完成时连用。如： How many models have you made by the end of last month? 截至上月底你做了多少个模型？ (2)by指“不迟于，到时为止，在以前” I must finish my home work by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。 We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。 (3)tell(until)“直到为止” You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。 He didnt come back until twelve oclock last night.他昨晚下到12点才回来。 在肯定句中，till(until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用，till(until)只能用于否定句中。 5after, in, within after表示“在之后”，是before的反义词。 Well hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。 He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症，一年后去世了。 Ill phone you after I arrive.到达后我给你打电话。（after作连词） within“在时间之内” I can finish it with an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。 比较 after与in after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点，如after school（放学后）， 而in后必须跟一段时间，如in an hour（一小时后）。 after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。 after既可作介词，又可作连词，而in只能作介词in“在时间之后” Ill arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。 in与within后都必须跟时间段。 （二）表示“地点、方向”的介词： 1In out side between, among in表示“在里面”，如： Whats in the box?盒子里是什么？ She put her book in the desk.她把书放进了书桌。 outside指“在外面” There are many people out side the room.房间外有很多人。 What did you see out side the hall?你在大厅外看见了什么？ between在之间（指二者） There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。 The building stands between the park and the small river.那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。 between是指“在两者之间”，而among指“在多个之间”。 among在之间（指三者以上） “There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷！” He found his place among the crowd.他在人群中找到了他的位置。 2on, above, over, below, under (1)on在上面，表面相互接触。 There is an apple on the table.桌上有一个苹果。 On the top of the hill, there is a flag.山顶有一面旗子。 (2)above只表示“在上方或位置高出”，与below相对。 A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。 The Turners live above us.特纳一家人住在我们的上面。 (3)over“在正上方”，与under相对。 There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard.那张图挂在黑板的正上方。 (4)below在下方，低于 There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。 Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。 (5)under在正下方 They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。 What are you wearing under your coat?你外套里面穿了什么？ 3near, by, beside (1)near在附近，与far相对 A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。 My hone is near the school.我的家离学校很近。 (2)by=beside,靠近，在旁边，比near距离更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。 He lay down beside the statuary.他在雕像旁躺下了。 4In front of, behind, around (1)in front of在前面 A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河 They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door.他们在门前放了一束花。 In the front of表示“在前部”，指里面。 There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。 (2)behind在后面 A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。 The cat lies behind the door.猫躺在门后面。 (3)around在周围，围绕 There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。 There are flowers around the stage.舞台周围摆着鲜花。 5from, to, for, into, out of (1)from从 The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。 She will fly from Beijing to Hong Kong.她将从北京飞往香港。 (2)to到（目的地）去，向 He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德国。 They got to the town very late.他们很晚才到那个镇。 (3)for向，表目的方向 He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。 The train for Shanghai has been away.去往上海的火车已经开走了。 towards, to和for都可表示“向”，其区别如下： towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。 for作“向（目的地）”时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for; start for (4)into进入 Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。 The teacher came into the classroom with a smile.老师微笑着走进了教室。 (5)out of从出来 A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。 They pulled him out of the water.他们把他从水里拉了出来。 6along, across, through (1)along沿着 He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。 There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street.沿街有着各种美丽的花。 (2)across横穿 The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。 Its dangerous to run across the busy road.跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。 (3)through穿过 It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。 He pushed his way through the crowd to the plat form.他从人群里挤到了站台。 7at, in 二者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等。（但大小有时也是相对的）。 He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。 TheplanewillarriveinBeijingat13:00.飞机将于13点到达北京。 三、其它用途的介词： 1表示“标准或单位”的介词：at, for, by (1)at表示“以速度”“以价格” He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。 I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。 (2)for用交换 I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。 How much for these apples?这些苹果多少钱？ at与for都表示价格，但at表示“单价”,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词，而for后只能跟总钱数。 如：I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。 I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。 I sold it for $10.我10美元把它卖掉了。 (3)by以计，后跟度量单位 Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。 They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。 2表示“材料”的介词：of, from, in (1)of表示从成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。 This salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。 (2)from表示从成品已看不出原料。 Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。 The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。 (3)in用材料。 常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。 Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。 in指材料时，材料前不用冠词。 比较：用铅笔画 3表示“工具或手段”的介词：by, with, on (1)by凭借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如： by bus乘公共汽车，by plane乘飞机 He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。 He sent the news to me bye-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。 表示搭乘交通工具时，既可用by，又可用in，区别在于用by时，表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词，而用in时名词前必须加冠词。 (2)with用工具 He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻 He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用脚把球停住。 with表示“用工具”时，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。 (3)on以方式。多用于固定词组。 They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。 She learns English on the radio /on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。 4表示“关于”的介词：of, about, on (1)of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在，如： He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。 He thought of this matter yesterday.他昨天想到了这件事。 He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。 (2)about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。 Its a book for children about Africa and its people. 它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。 Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？ (3)on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的，供专门研究用的。 Its a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。 5表示“原因、理由”的介词：for, at, from, of, with (1)for表示“一般的理由”常与famous, punish等词连用。 Xian is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。 The city is well known for her large population.这座城市以人口众多而知名。 (2)at一般指“情感”的原因，通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后，表示“因听到或看到而”。 She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。 He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。 (3)from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。 He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。 Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident.她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。 (4)of表示“内在的原因”，如病、饿等到。 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。 The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。 (5)with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因。 He shook with cold.他因寒冷而发抖。 He shouted loudly with anger.他气得大喊大叫。 6like, as (1)like像一样（其实不是） The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。 The mooncakes are like the moon.月饼像月亮。 (2)as作为，以身份（其实是） He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。 He talk to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。 7against, for against反对，与for是反义词，如： Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法？ They fought against the enemy.他们抗击敌人。 8besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于aswellas。 He is interested in tennis besides（as well as）football. 除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。 （1）besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外还、除之外又”，表示两部分的相似性。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了) We like biology besides English.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢） （2）except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开不谈”,表示两部分的不同。 Every one is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动） All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是） 在以下几种情况中，介词常常省略。 1当表示时间的词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时，介词应省略。 We watched an exciting football match last week.（last week前不能用介词in等） 上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。 Come any day you like.你想哪天都行。 Come on any day you like.（） next前可以加冠词，但意义不同。 Next week下周（以现在为起点） the next week第二周（以过去某时为起点） 2表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一”解时，前面不用介词， 每小时80英里。 80milesinanhour.（） 80milesanhour.（） An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。 3含有way的短语。如：in the same way, in this/that way, in another way等用于句末时，in常省略。 She did it the same way.她用同样的方法做的。三、介词的固定搭配 1. At be good at 精通于 be annoyed at 对烦恼 be angry at 对 (事) 发怒 (take) aim at 瞄准 laugh at 因而发笑 stare at 盯着看，凝视 at the best 充其量 at first 开始 at large 自由地 at least 至少，起码 at length 最后，终于 at once 立即，马上 at present 现在 at rest 休息，静止不动 at times 间或，有时 He was angry at his brothers remark. 他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。 I dont know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes. 我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。 The foreign countries attempt at a blockade of the port was unsuccessful. 外国试图对这个港口实施封锁，但没有成功。 I know I am at fault. 我知道我错了。 The escaped prisoner is still at large. 那逃犯仍逍遥法外。 He is at present away on his holidays. 他现在到外地度假去了。 2. About careful about 小心 particular about 对讲究 careless about 粗心 doubtful about 对怀疑 sure about 肯定 concerned about 担心 a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈 bring about 导致，引起 care about 关心，介意 leave about 乱放，乱扔 fuss about 大惊小怪 anxious about 担心，想念 例如： How did it come about? 那事是怎样发生的? She is crazy about pop music. 她对流行音乐着了迷。 English people are always making complaints about their weather. 英国人老是埋怨天气不好。 He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams. 他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。 Harry likes eating very much but he isnt very particular about the food he eats. 哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。 3. Against fight against 反对 immune against 免除 vote against 投票反对 protect against 保护免受 stand against 反对，经受住 an accusation against 控制，谴责 a prejudice against 偏见，万岁 guard against 防护 protest against 反对，抗议 rise against 起来反抗 run against 对不利，违反 strive against 和斗争 a defence against 防护，保卫 a protest against 抗议，反对 例如： I protest against their criticism. 我对他们的批评提出抗议。 He made a false accusation against his boss. 他诬告上司。 Those clothes dont give you much protection against the cold. 那些衣服不能使你御寒。 He should guard against passing on disease to his family. 他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。 4. By abide by 遵守 pull by 拉住 by mistake 弄错，失误 by virtue of 靠，由于 by means of 使用 by aid of 借助于 by way of 经由 by force 以武力，强迫地 by marriage 联姻而产生的 例如： He is by nature a kind, generous fellow. 他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。 They sent the letter to me by mistake. 他们误把那封信送给了我。 The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns. 古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。 By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased. 由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。 I probably know him by sight but not by name. 我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。 5. For competent for 胜任 for good 永远 for the sake of 为缘故 for the better 好转 for the purpose of 为目的 for a change 改变一下 for the time being 暂时 for fear of 免得 an affection for 爱，爱情 application for 申请 (make) preparation for 为作准备 blame for 责怪，责备 cause for 理由 readiness for 为准备就绪 an occasion for 时机，机会 contempt for 轻蔑，藐视 a demand for 需要，需求 evidence for 证据，根据 a fondness for 喜欢 a reason for 理由，原因 a respect for 尊敬，尊重 a search for 搜寻，找寻 例如： I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in. 我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。 She got up early to be ready for the post. 为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。 New York is famous for its skyscrapers. 纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。 His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed. 他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。 This new school will have no playground for the time being. 这所新学校将暂时没有操场。 If one does not have respect for oneself, one cant expect others to respect him. 如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。 Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain. 没有人确切知道地球的年龄。 6. From differ from 与不同，相异 dismiss from 解雇，使离职 infer from 从推论出 prevent from 阻止，防碍 protect from 保护以免 resign from 辞职 suffer from 受之苦 tell from 把与区分开来 from a distance 从远处，远远地 from the heart 诚心诚意地 from the first 从一开始 例如： You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. 你甚至可以到店里去避避雨。 From the first I disliked him. 从一开始我就不喜欢他。 The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased. 患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。 Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine. 爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。 assist in 帮助做某事 consist in 在于 engage in 从事，参与 give in 让步，妥协 specialize in 专攻，专门研究 take in 欺骗，收容 belief in 信仰，相信 a delight in 以为乐 an expert in 专家，能手 in fact 事实上 in the event of 万一 in ones opinion 据见解 in bloom 开着花 in the direction of 朝方向 in comparison with 与比较 in possession of 拥有，占有 in view of 由于，考虑到 in any event 无论如何 in the course of 在过程中 in short 简言之 believe in 信仰，信赖 end in 以告终 excel in (在某方面)突出地好 invest in 在投资 succeed in 在方面获得成功 participate in 参加 confidence in 信任，相信 difficulty in 困难，困境 pleasure in 高兴 a rise in 上涨，增长 (there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义 Theres no harm in 不妨 a specialist in 专家 an interest in 兴趣，关心 participation in 参加 trouble in 苦恼，麻烦 interested in 对感兴趣 fortunate in 有幸 constant in 对持久 lacking in 缺乏 expert in 在熟练 confident in 信任 in time 及时 in the interest of 为了利益 例如： We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again. 我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。 He listened in while we were discussing this question. 他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题。 In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation. 总之，我是不会接受邀请的。 We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds. 我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。 This shop specializes in tea and coffee. 这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。 He wants to have a rise in wages. 他想要增加工资。 In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population. 与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。 8. Into argue into 说服做 frighten into 恐吓做 plunge into 投身于 run into 碰见 turn into 把变成 divide into 把分成 translate into 把翻译成 force into 迫使做 crash into 撞到上 burst into 突然开始，爆发出 burst into 闯入 inquire into 调查 reason into 说服做 talk into 说服做 trick into 诱骗做 deceive into 欺骗去做 pull into 到达，开进 cut into 减轻，减少 change into 把变成 break into 突然闯入 例如： On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears. 一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。 The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat. 出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。 They frightened the old lady into signing the contract. 他们吓嘘老太太签了合同。 9. Of worthy of 值得 tired 厌倦 considerate of 体贴 aware of 知道 conscious of 认识到 proud of 骄傲 composed of 由组成 certain of 确信 regardless of 不管 fond of 喜爱 cautious of 小心 innocent of 清白，无罪 approve of 赞成，批准 consist of 由组成 inform of 通知 rob of 抢劫 convince of 使确信 deprive of 剥夺，使丧失 dispose of 处理 suspect of 怀疑 guilty of 犯罪 ignorant of 忽视 accuse of 控告(某人) assure of 使确信 hear of 听说 remind of 使想起，提醒 smell of 有气味 cure of 治愈病 die of 死于 speak of 谈到，提及 10. To access to 进入，通道 attention to 注意 exposure to 暴露 injury to 损伤，伤害 an objection to 反对 dedication to 献身，热爱 resistance to 阻力，抵抗 similarity to 类似，相似 similar to 相似，相同 indifferent to 不在乎 equal to 等于 devoted to 献身于 contrary to 违反，相反 adapt to 使习惯 amount to 相当于，等于 confess to 承认 owe to 把归功于 report to 报到 stick to 坚持 to a certain extent 在一定程度上 to ones satisfaction 使满意 to the utmost 尽力 an attitude to 态度 (attach) importance to 重视 a limit 限制 contribution to 贡献，捐助 a disgrace to 耻辱 a response to 反应，响应 a visit to 访问，拜访 relevant to 对有关 inferior to 比下等 grateful to 感激 insensitive to 迟钝 parellel to 平行 add to 增加，加强 belong to 属于 lead to 导致 prefer to 宁可，更喜欢 sentence to 宣判 turn to 求助于 to ones liking 合胃口 to ones face 当面 to ones benefit 对有益 to ones taste 合胃口 例如:He answered the questions to everybodys satisfaction. 他回答了问题，使人人都很满意。 The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not relevant to the topic.有时候那位教授训一些跟主题无关的话题。 I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反对这项计划，理由是费用过于庞大。 The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain. 由于长期淋雨，油漆脱落了。 Your computer is similar to mine. 你的计算机与我的相似。 I sympathize with her only to a certain extent. 我只是在一定程度上同情她。 He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine. 他将一生献给了医学事业。 11. On advice on 忠告，意见 an attack on 袭击，攻击 dependence on 依靠，依赖 an emphasis on 强调，重点 (keep) an eye on 照看，注意 an influence on 影响 (have) mercy on 怜悯，对时间介词的用法及辨异表示时间的介词，在英语介词中占着相当重要的位置。在初中阶段英语教学过程中，已出现了许多用来表示时间的介词。其中有：at on in during for to till un til after by before等。本文着重谈一谈这些介词在表示时间的用法及它们之间的同异之处。1.at on ina） at用来表示时间时，通常指时间的某一点。例如：at five oclock atnoon atmidnightb） on用来表示某一段时间，特指某天或某天的上午 下午或晚上。例如：on Sunday,on October,on Saturday morning.c）in也可用来表示一段时间，但多指长于一天或不到一天的时间段。例如：in January, in summer, in 1988, in the morning ,in the evening.2.in duringa） during用来表示一段时间，其意义大致相当于in的用法。一般来说，凡是能用in的地方，也可以用during.例如：He came to see me during my absence. .Dont go to see his wife in his absence.b） during与in的区别在于during强调时间的延续性，而in则只是一般指某一时间。试比较：They visited many cities during their stay in China. Her grandpa was killed in the war.3.in for duringa） “in时间”与“for时间”都可表示一段时间，但“for时间”表示“有多久”，而“in时间”则表示“在何时”。（例如：We worked there for the winter. They worked there in winter.以上两例中，in winter强调“在冬季”，不一定包括整个冬季时间，而for the winter则强调“整个冬天”。b）for用来表示一般时间，常跟具体的时间段。例如 for a few days for 3 weeks for five months等4. since after since after都可以用来引导表示从过去某一点开始的时间段词组。它们的不同之处在于：a）since引导的词组所表示的时间一直延续到说话时为止，因而要与现在完成时连用。例如：He has been there twice since 1982. I have done nothing since six oclock.b）after引导的词组所表示的时间是纯系过去，并不延续到说话时，因此要和一般过去时连用。例如：He went home after school.5. till until toa） 介词tilluntil常用于“from.tilluntil”结构中，表示“一个动作的终结”。介词to常用在“from.to”的结构中，用来表示“一个阶段的终结”。两者在这种结构中意义十分接近。例如：The Americans stayed here from June to September. He studies from morning tilluntil n