别菊七年级上册知识点梳理

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仁爱版七年级英语上册知识点梳理There are four units in this book. And each unit has three topics; whats more, each topic has four sections. sectionA pays attention to the speaking skill; sectionB pays attention to the speaking and writing skills; sectionC points to the writing and reading skills; sectionD is the review of SectionA-C.unit 1“making new friends”the main grammars are present simple to be/wh-questions and so on. Now I will introduce them one by one. First is the using of present simple to be. Be 动词用法口诀。I 用_am_, you用_are_,is_用于他_he_,她_she_,它_it_;单数名词用_is_,复数名词全用_are_。变否定,很简单,be后要把_not_添。变疑问,也不难,把be提到_句首_前。特殊变化要牢记,I am 要用Are you 替。疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。The second is the wh-questions. Such as what/where/who subject pronouns. And the last is the use of a/an and plurals. 当一个单词的首字母是元音音素,则用an; 当一个单词的首字母是辅音音素则用a. 名词单数变复数的一般规则。一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况加 s : 2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es :3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: 4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 :heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros 以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)5.以f, fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es :半片树叶自己黄,妻子拿刀去杀狼,架后小偷逃命忙。 B: 名词词尾的读音规则:A 在 p t k f等清辅音后读s cups, hats, cakes, roofs B. 在s z t等音后读iz glasses, faces, roses.C.在其他情况下读作z beds days cities knives.D.以th结尾的词原来读 加词尾后多数读 如: mouthmouths pathpaths ; 但是也有不变化的,如: monthmonths, ninthninths, youthyouths.C: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:小老鼠爬灯台,偷油吃下不来。男人当警察,保护妇女跟儿童;英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚;养了一头日本羊,送给了中国人;养了一头鹿跟鹅,卖给了瑞士人。1.manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese childchildren, mousemice,2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servantmen servants. (boy/girl students)woman doctorwomen doctors.The function of topic 1: greeting; introducing; saying farewells. Hello/hi/nice to meet you/ how do you do/good morning/afternoon/evening/nighthow are you? Im fine/ok welcome to+sp.This is .The function of topic 2: talking about names; places of birth and telephone numbers.Whats your name?My name is +名字/Im+名字/名字 Where be+主语 from?主语+be from+地点 Who is he/she? Who are they?He /she is . theyre. Is he/she. Are you.Yes. He/she is; No he/she isnt yes. I am No. Im not Whats your/his/her telephone number? My/his/her telephone number is +电话号码It is+电话号码 given/first name名 family/last name姓 full name 全名 数字的表达方式。The function of topic 3:Talking about ages, classes and grades; identifying things. whats +形容词性的物主代词+age?主语 be+数字How old be +主语?主语 be+数字+year(s) old. what class/grade be +主语+in?主语 be +in Class/Grade +数字。 Whats this/that? 用于询问某物的名称It is a/an+. How do you spell it? / how to spell it? 怎么样拼写它? 讲一个句子单数变复数的基本步骤:.主语this-these/that-those ; i-we he/she/it-they.Be (am/is) - are.去掉不定冠词a/an.疑问词,介词短语,物主代词不变。.把单数名词变成复数名词。unit 2 looking different.Topic 1 introduces present to have/has.Have:用于除第_三_人称单数外,其他任何人称。Has:仅用于第_三_人称_单_数。I 用_have_; You 用_has_非I非You用_has_复数一律用_have_变疑问, do/does 来帮忙。Topic2 introduces wh-questions. Such as what does sb look like? what color.?Topic3 introduces possessive pronouns. Wh-questions. Whose/ The possessive case of nouns.名词所有格:1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如:Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如:Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如:todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2、注解: s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所) 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如:Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)The main phrases and sentences:1、 sb + has/ have ( an /a ) + adj + 五官= sbs 五官 is / are + adj (描述长相) 例:Lily has a small nose. = Lilys nose is small. 2、I know = I see 我明白了3、Thats right 那是对的4、look the same look like 看起来相像 look different 看起来不同 例: Jim and Lilei look the same. =Jim looks like Lilei. .5.look at+ n看某物 look for +n 寻找某人/某物 look after +n 照顾某人6、 both 两者都 all 三者或者三者以上都 Both 和 all位于 be动词或情态动词后,位于行为动词前。 例: We are both students. We both have black eyes. We can both speak English.7、give sth to sb = give sb sth 把某物给某人; (注意:如果sth是it或them,只能用前者)8、have different looks= look different 有着不同的长相 (看起来不相像)havethe same look. =look the same 有着相同的长相 (看起来很相像)9、over there 在那边 come in 请进 go out 出去10、in + 颜色或 in a/an/the +颜色 + 衣服 表示穿着颜色的衣服常常接在名词的后面,表示穿-颜色衣服的 如 the girl in red is my sister.11、too + adj 太12、 pants 和 shoes 做主语,谓语动词用复数;但a pair of pants/ shoes作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 例: His shoes are black. A pair of shoes is under the bed.13、 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上 at night 在晚上14、go shopping = go to the shop 去购物 类似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等15、help sb. ( to ) do sth = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 注意:sb 用代词时必须用宾格16、 high school 中学17、play +球类 play the 乐器18、 think of 认为,想 think about 考虑 I think + 从句 我认为 I think he you are right. 否定式常否定主句,但翻译时要否定后面的从句 例:I dont think he can come. 我认为他不会来了.(不能说:我不认为他会来)句型:1、What do/does + 主语 + look like ? 询问人的长相 例: What does your English teacher look like? 2、 Whats -and -? 加是什么?(回答:Its -) 例:Whats red and yellow? Its orange. Whats two and five? Its seven.3. Whose + 东西 + is this/ that ? Whose + 东西 +are these/ those ? 这/这些 是谁的?例:Whose coat is this? It is mine. Whose shoes are these? They are hers.4、 Who is the letter from? 这封信来自于谁? Its from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。5、 What color be + 东西? (回答:Its +颜色 或者 Theyre + 颜色) 例:What color is your dress? Its black.unit 3 Greeting TogetherTopic1: present simple: to like/want/speak主格,作主语用宾格,作宾语用形容词性物主代词,当形容词使用名词性物主代词,当名词使用 I 我 me mymine We 我们us ourours You 你you youryours You 你们 you your yours He 他him HisHis She 她her herHers It 它it itsitsThey 他们(它们 )themtheirtheirsPresent simple: 一 般 现 在 时A:一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。1)be动词的肯定式:主语+ _be_+其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +_not_ + 其他疑问式:_be_+ 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + _be_(否) No,主语 + _be_ not2)行为动词(实义动词)除主语是第三人称单数外,都用动词原形,主语是第三人称单数时,在动词 词尾加-s或-es 。动词第三人称单数”的加法 即 “如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾加es. 3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾 改y为i +es肯定式:主语+动词原形(有些单词没有人称变化)/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 第三人称简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: dont = do not doesnt =does not注意:have的第三人称单数为has 用法:1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: 6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。 I is a letter. I是个字母。 The main phrases and sentences:1、Could you (please)(后接动词原形) 你愿意做某事吗? May I (后接动词原形) 我能做某事吗?2.the English corner 英语角3. live in + 地点 住在某地 live with + 人 和某人住在一起4、What does he say in the letter? 他在信里说了些什么?What does he say on the photo? 他在电话里说了些什么?5、 a lot = very much 放在句末,修饰动词,非常 例: I like the boy a lot/ very much. not at all 一点也不 例: I dont like the boy at all.6、 each other 相互,彼此 students often talk to each other in class.7、do sth with sb 和某人一起做某事8、No problem 没问题9、speak + 语言 说某种语言 speak English speak Chinese 10、 the Great Wall 长城11、come/go to + 地点 去某地 但home 、 here 、 there这些是副词,前面不能加to 例:go home / come here / go there go to do sth 去做某事 例:They go to play basketball.12、like doing sth 喜欢做某事 like to do sth 想要做某事13、Its + adj +to sb 对某人来说是的14、 help sb with sth=help sb (to) do sth帮助某人某事15、 be at home = be in 在家 go home 回家 get home到家 in ones home 在某人的家里16、have a seat / take a seat / sit down 请坐下17、office worker 办公室职员 cook 厨师 cooker炊具18、on a farm 在农场上 on the sofa 在沙发上19、a photo ofones family 某人的全家照 Family Tree 家谱 (首字母都大写)20、 in a hospital 在医院(纯属地点概念)in hospital 因病住例:He is ill in hospital. 他生病住院 He is in a hospital.他在医院里 (不一定是因为生病来到医院)21、look after sb = take care ofsb 照顾某人22.teach sb sth = teach sth to sb 教某人某东西 teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事21、help oneself ( to sth. ) 请随便(吃) help yourself/ yourselves (to fish)22、Id like sth = I would like sth. 我想要24、 Would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事25、 Would you like something to eat (drink)? 你想要一些吃(喝)的东西吗? to eat 或 to drink 修饰something,作为后置定语。26、Here you are.给你 Here we are. 我们到了27、What about = How about 怎么样后接代词或名词,还可以接动名词(即 What about doing sth )28、 all right 好的29、a cup of tea 一杯茶 two cups of tea 两杯茶30、milk for me 我要牛奶31、Why not (后接动词原形) = Why dont you (后接动词原形)为什么不做某事呢? 回答:Good idea 好主意;32、May I take your order ? 可以点菜了吗?33、 wait a moment = just a moment等一下,请稍侯 wait for sb 等待某人34Can I help you ?= May I help you ?= What can I do for you ? 需要点什么帮忙吗?35、eat out 出去吃饭36、let sb do sth 让某人做某事37、 have dinner/ breakfast /lunch/supper 吃正/早/午/晚 餐38、a kind of 一种 all kinds of各种各样的39、be friendly/kind to sb 对某人友好 40、 such as例:I like fruits, such as, bananas apples and-41、be glad to do sth 例: I am glad to meet you, I am glad to be here.句型:1、What do/does + 主语+ do ? = What +be+ 主语. ? = Whats ones job ? 回答:主语+ be + 职业.例如: What does your father do? = What is your father? = Whats your fathers job? He is a teacher.Unit 4: Having FunThe main grammars are master the expression of number, review present simple and grasp the expression of time.The main phrases and sentences:1、try on 试穿2、we/I will take it 我们/我 买下了 ( 这里的take 相当于buy) 3、buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 给某人买某物;4、Im just looking 我只是看看; 5、 three hundred and sixty-five 365 (百位数和十位数之间加and , 十位数和个位数之间加”-“)6、a pair of 一对/一双7、running shoes 跑鞋8、Are you kidding ? 你开玩笑吧;9、think about 考虑;10. thank you all the same 仍然谢谢你;11、Is that all? 就这么多吗? Thats all. 就这么多吧I2、I think so. 我认为是这样的. I dont think so. 我认为不是这样的. 13、 当把东西给某人时可以说: Here you are 或 Here be + 东西 或Here it is.14、Dont worry.别担心 worry about + 宾语 如:Do you worry about your leesson? Worried 烦恼的 be worried about +宾语 如:She is worried about her mother.15. a few +可数名词 (肯定); 一点,一些; few + 可数名词: (否定) 几乎没有 a little +不可数名词 (肯定); 一点,一些; little + + 不可数名词: (否定) 几乎没有16、 be free= have time 有空的;反义词:be busy = have no time Are you free tomorrow? = Do you have time tomorrow ?17、 在某一天使用介词on , 在某个时刻用 at 如:On Sunday at a half past six 当this 接时间,不用介词, this Sunday18Whats up = whats wrong ? = Whats the matter 什么事?19、forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事(事已做完)20、tell sb about sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 把某事告诉某人 ask/tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 ask/tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事21、 电话用语: Whos this? 你是哪位? Is this 你是吗? This is (speaking) 我是 May I speak to我可以找吗?22、go for sth = go to do sth 去做某事 如: go for class = go to have class.23、Its fun 真是有趣的事24、call sb = give sb a call打电话给某人 call sb back 给某人回电话25、Im afraid/sorry (that) + 从句 恐怕/ 对不起,26、I have no time= I dont have any time 我没有时间 ( no = not any )27、 be not in = be not at home = be out 出去了,不在家;28、 sing a song/ sing some songs 唱歌; fly a kite 放风筝;draw picture 画画 play sports 做运动; watch TV看电视 read books 看书 read newspaper看报纸29、 let sb do sth (后接动词原形)让某人做某事30、 时间读法有顺读法和逆读法: 顺读法(eleven thirty-six 表示11:36)逆读法(分钟数小于等于30分 用 past , 分钟数大于30分用to,如 five past ten 表示 10:05;five to ten 表示 9:55,half past six 表示6:30 , a querter to six 表示 5:45) 31、 show sth to sb = show sb sth 把拿给某人看; 作为名词表示 演出,表演 32、 祈使句的否定句,直接在句首加上Dont 就可以了 have to(后接动词原形) 不得不 Its time for sth/ doing sth Its time to do sth 该到做的时候了? Its time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了33、 next time 下一次 next week 下个星期 the next day 第二天;34、 next to = near 在旁边 35、 get up起床 go to bed上床睡觉; get sb up 叫某人起床36、 do ones homework 做作业;37、 have a picnic 野餐;have class 上课 have a meeting 开会 have a party 举办聚会have dinner/ breakfast /lunch/supper 吃正/早/午/晚 餐 have +东西 吃/喝 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很愉快have sb to do sth 让某人做某事have to do sth 不得不38、 on the weekday 在周末;39、lot of = lots of = many =much 许多的,大量的40、 in the sun 在阳光下;41、sb like - best = sbs favorite + 种类 is/are 谁最喜欢42、on ones way to - 在某人去的路上; on ones way home 在某人回家的路上43、 Here we are. 我们到了44、 Its very kind of you 你真是太好了;45、thanks / thank you for + n /v-ing 为而感谢你;46、.in the tree 在树上(外物附着) on the tree 在树上(树上本身长出的东西) In the wall 在墙里 (如 window ) on the wall 在墙上 句型:1、 What do you think of -? = How do you like- ? 你认为怎么样?例:What do you think of your English teacher ? = How do you like your English teacher ?2、 How much be + 主语? ( 回答:Its / Theyre + 价钱.) How much is your English book ? 问价格还可以用 whats the price of 3、 Why not (后接动词原形) = Why dont you (后接动词原形) 为什么不做某事呢? 回答:Good idea 好主意;4、 What time is it ? =What is the time? (回答:Its +时间)
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