高三语法复习(七)形容词和副词

语法复习(七)-形容词和副词一、形容词1. 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella an interesting English filmthe mans first two interesting little red French oil paintingsa heavy black Chinese steel umbrella 2.形容词后置（1）一些表语形容词如afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等作定语，常置于被修饰词的后面。如 He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。(2) 形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing 等不定代词时，需要置于其后。 I have something important to tell you.(3) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。Who else will go there? I have something else to do this evening.3 .以ly结尾的形容词有: friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly, manly,等4.有些以ly结尾的既为形容词,也为副词: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等.5.某些形容词加上定冠词泛指一类人, 谓语用复数.如:the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry等.6.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,谓语用复数.如: the British, the English, the French, the Chinese等7.作表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系动词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系动词： keep ,remain, stay感观系动词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound, appear , seem ,prove etc.8.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。He went to bed , cold and hungry. 9.“数词名词”构成的形容词（1）数词名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。（2）数词名词形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。（3）名词（无冠词）基数词=the序数词名词，如 Unit 6=the Sixth Unit二、副词1. 形容词变副词的规则词形类别规则例词单音节y 结尾的词直接加lyshyshyly, gay- gaily多音节y 结尾的词将 y改为i 后加ly easyeasily, heavyheavily以ue结尾的词去e 加lytruetruly以le 结尾的词去e 加ygentlegently, terrible-terribly其他以e 结尾的词一律加lynicenicely, wisewisely以 ll结尾的词只加yfullfully以ic 结尾的词加allyenergeticenergetically其他形容词均加lycareful-carefully2. 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.3. 表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。 He is always telling lies, so I will never believe him.4. 程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school. 5. 表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微close近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 三、形容词和副词的比较等级1.原级的构成和用法。用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”有时也可用 “倍数+the +名词+ of 这些名词常常是: length, size, weight, width, height, age, number 等.如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one. =This room is three times the size of that one.2.比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.3.可修饰比较级的词有even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。He works even harder than before.4. 可修饰最高级的词有: by far, far, much, mostly, almost 和序数词5. 当后有选择范围时,强调两者中的更- 且后有名词时则可在比较级前加冠词.Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is the taller of the two sisters.She is taller than her two sisters.6. many, old, far(1) 有: many more + 可数名词 : people, books, problems much more + 不可数名词 : money, water, wood(2 ) old 的比较级和最高级 elder / eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系elder sister, eldest brother(3) far 的两种: farther / further 都可表距离, 但常用further 来表示进一步.I cant go farther/ further. Could you explain it further. further education7. 形容词most前面没有the 不表示最高级而是表示”非常”相当于very It is a most important problem.8. “否定词+比较级” 或”否定词+ so-as” 结构表示最高级含义Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.9. so that 与such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 10. the +比较级 - the+比较级- 越 越 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.12.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.13.表示最高程度的形容词如excellent , extreme , perfect等，没有最高级,也不能用比较级。14. very，much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.例如，John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。 I like you very much.非常感谢你This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。基础练习1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest3. The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home Im paying _ here.A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much4. Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _.A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively5. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being _.A. graceful B. fashionable C. particular D. feasible6. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest7. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _ suggestions.A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable8. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker.A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 9. In _ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial10. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do.A. such B. that C. more D. very11. This _ girl is Lindas cousin.A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish12. John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself.A. five feet eight as tall as B. as tall as five feet eightC. as five feet eight tall as D. as tall five feet eight as13. - Is your headache getting _ ? - No, its worse.A. better B. bad C. less D. well14. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain.A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of15.（全国I卷）28. Youre driving too fast. Can you drive _?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit16. - Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for? - I had planned to, but I was $50 _.A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short17. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did.A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as18. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _ this year.A. the best B. better C. the most D. more19.（湖北卷）29. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _. A. occasionallyB. anxiously C. practicallyD. urgently20. - Have you been to New Zealand? - No, Id like to, _.A. too B. though C. yet D. either21. Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest22. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly23. Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally_.A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable24. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building.A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily25. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _ have been solved by the end of next week.A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually26. I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more27. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising28. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development.A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact29. - Did you enjoy yourself at the party? - Yes. Ive never been to _ one before.A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting30. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _, it caused 20 deaths.A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides31. Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine _ invented.A. ever B. already C. even D. nowadays32. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _.A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst33. I hear _ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little34. I used to earn _ than a pound a week when I first started work.A. less B. fewer C. a few D. a little35. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.A. fair B. reasonable B. equal D. proper36. Letterboxes are much more _ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual37. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we run out.A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many38. (2008上海卷)27. In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _ in traffic.A. the most organized B. more organized C. soorganized as D. as organized as39. (2008四川卷)15. A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days _. A. or more B. instead C. at most D. only40. You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are _.A. unavoidable B. invisible C. inaccessible D. unavailable41. I hope I will not be called on in class as Im not yet _ prepared.A. attentively B. readily C. actively D. adequately42. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and electricity than _ models.A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder43. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here_.A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest44. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one.A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known45. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease.A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite46. Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier47. - Do you need any help, Lucy? - Yes. The job is _ I could do myself.A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than48. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.A. good B. better C. best D. well49. Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if _, Miss Liu.A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. no better50. Its hard for him playing against me. Ive got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so _.A. far B. well C. little D. badly51. A new _ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two mouths ago.A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common52. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. we were only _ beaten.A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly53. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive54. Would it be_ for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?（08山东）A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient55. Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time. _ , he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. (2008湖南卷)A. Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet56. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.（2008北京卷）A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired57. - It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help. - Thats right. _.（2008江苏卷）A. Many hands make light workB. Something is better than nothingC. The more the merrierD. The sooner begin, the sooner done58. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _ able to make a phone call. A. still B. even C. also D. ever （2008四川卷）完形填空(06全国I)On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in _1_ air. Crowded. Tempers(脾气) of both the tourists and waiters had _2_ to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment(环境).At the table next to mine sat an attractive, _3_ couple, waiting for _4_ . They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed. Suddenly they stood, picked up their _5_ and stepped together _6_ the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped _7_ for the two chairs. He politely _8_ his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered._9_ appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to _10_ the table and take their _11_, and then walked back to the _12_ cheers of the rest of his _13_. Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went _14_ into the water to _15_ the wine. The couple toasted (祝酒) each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd _16_ by cheering and throwing flowers to them. Three other tables _17_ to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter.One doesnt step into water in ones best summer clothes. Why not?Customers are not served _18_. Why not?Sometimes one should consider _19_ the line of convention(常规) and enjoy _20_ to the fullest.1. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin2. A. managed B. expected C. attempted D. risen3. A. lonely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered4. A. cheers B. service C. attention D. flowers5. A. metal table B. empty bottle C. chairs D. bags6. A. on B. off C. around D. along7. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back8. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received9. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant10. A. set B. wash C. remove D. check11. A. menu B. bill C. food D. order12. A. loud B. anxious C. familiar D. final13. A. tourists B. customers C. fellows D. assistants14. A. at last B. in time C. once more D. as well15. A. change B. drink C. sell D. serve16. A. replied B. insisted C. agreed D. understood17. A. prepared B. joined in C. settled up D. continued18. A. with pleasure B. in the caf C. in the sea D. with wine19. A. following B. keeping C. limiting D. crossing20. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time阅读理解Attitude is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual（个人）. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual. The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages ones husband or wife to express his or her own ideasall are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired（获得） throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice, But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude. Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individuals experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other peoples behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.56. The word “state”(in Line 1) has the similar meaning to_. A. a mental or emotional condition. B. a condition of being in a stage or form.C. social position or rank. D. a specific mode of government.57. According to the passage, attitudes_