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Consonant Cluster(v 音节是发音的构成单位。就语音形式而言,一个音节通常由一个元音音素加上一个或几个辅音音素构成;就书写形式而言,一个音节一般由一个元音字母或元音字母组合加上一个或几个辅音字母或辅音字母组合构成。单独一个元音或元音字母组合也可以构成一个音节。例如:I a air等。v 在一个词中,有几个元音音素(不是元音字母),就有几个音节。有两个元音音素的叫双音节词,有三个或三个以上元音音素的叫多音节词。v概念:在英语里,通常一个音节要含有一个元音,所以通常意义上的一个音节可能是一个独立的一个元音或一个元音加上一个辅音或一个元音加上几个辅音构成但是有些辅音如/m/、/n/、/l/等,他们比较特殊,发音较响亮,因此可以和另一个辅音一起构成一个音节,这种音节是以这些音结尾的这样的音节叫成音节。/l/m/n/就叫成节音(syllabic consonant)。在英式英语中,在一个单词的结尾音节中,如果无发音的元音字母(例如:rhythm)或有元音字母也不发音(例如:table,little,seven),而由l、m、n的读音/l/m/n/来充当元音,那么/l/m/n/就叫成节音(syllabic consonant)。由/l/、/m/、/n/加一个辅音构成的音节就叫成音节。例如:/-bl/-zm/-vn/-pl/-tl/-dl/v注:1.bottom,button等不属于成音节辅音,因为它们的第二个音节里含有元音音素。2.美式英语在某些单词结尾的音节中,在/l/n/前都加了/,即/bl/,/pl/,/sn/,/pl/,所以成音节更适应英式英语。例如:seven sevn,musician mju:zin“辅音+/l/”构成的成音节v1./-pl/-ple,-pil:apple,example,pupil v2./-bl/-ble:table,possible,vegetable v3./-tl/-tle,-tal:little,hospital v4./-dl/-dle,-dal:middle,medal v5./-kl/-cle,-cal:article,physical,typical v6./-gl/-gel:angle“辅音+/l/”构成的成音节v7./-fl/-ful:beautiful v8./-vl/-val,-vel:festival,travelv9./-ml/-mal,-mel:animal,camel v10./-nl/-nal:traditional v11./-sl/-cil:pencil v12./l/-cial:special“辅音+/n/”构成的成音节v1./-tn/-tain,-ten:Britain,written v2./-dn/-den:garden v3./-fn/-ften:often v4./-vn/-ven:seven v5./-sn/-son,-sten,-cine:person,listen,medicine v6./-zn/-son,-sin:reason,cousin v7./n/-cian,-sian,-tien,-tion:musician,Asian,patient,directionv1./zm/:realism,rhythm,communism,modernism,optimism,pessimism,etc.consonant cluster(辅音连缀)v英语单词中一个音节内两个或两个以上连续出现的非成节辅音叫做辅音连缀(consonant cluster)。如blackboard,speak,sleep,desks。英语中辅音连缀的现象非常普遍,可以出现在词首,词中和词尾。v读辅音连缀要注意:第一个辅音要念得轻而短,很快滑向后面的辅音,不要在辅音之间夹入元音。辅音连缀在词首v/sp/spy speak spit spark sport spade v/st/stay steal still star story stand v/sk/sky ski sketch school scold skatev/sf/sphere(范围;球体)v/sm/small smile smokev/sn/snow snake snap snatchv/sl/sleep slide slow slim slot slumv/sw/swear swap(交换)sweet辅音连缀在词首v/pl/play please plotv/pr/pray press printv/tr/try tree train truckv/tw/twice twin twelve twistv/kl/climb claim clock clerkv/kr/cry cream crush crack cradlev/kw/quite quick quit quote queenv/bl/blue black blame blush blow blockv/br/breathe broad bring bright brother辅音连缀在词首v/dr/dress dream dry drain draw dread drumv/dw/dwel dwarf v/gl/glass glide glow glad gloryv/gr/green grow great grass gradev/fl/fly flow flee flesh flat v/fr/from frame frank free frenchv/r/three throw threat through throat v/r/shriek shrink shrill辅音连缀在词首v/spr/spring spray spread v/str/strong street straight stride(大步走)v/skr/scream screw scratchv/spl/splash splendid v/skw/square squeeze(挤)辅音连缀在词中v 1./bl/:problem 2./br/:February,libraryv 3./kl/:oclock 4./kr/:acrossv 5./fr/:afraid 6./gl/:uglyv 7./gr/:agree 8./pl/:reply,dumpling v 9./pr/:April 10./sk/:basketballv 11./sp/:respect 12./st/:sister,assistantv 13./str/:Australia 14./tw/:between辅音连缀在词尾v清辅音+/s/caps lips books roofs desks takes asksv浊辅音+/z/dogs pigs cabs leaves seemsv清辅音+/t/stopped asked kicked missed touchedv浊辅音+/d/begged loved moved seized seemed called辅音连缀在词尾v清辅音+/ts/tests rests beasts hosts giftsv浊辅音+/dz/fields folds holds ends spends pretends
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