高中英语语法专题指导课件：名词.ppt

高中英语语法专题指导课件,名 词,1、不可数名词的特点 2、可数名词的单、复数; 3、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换； 4、名词作定语； 5、名词的搭配; 6、名词的所有格 7、词语辨析；,高考考点分析,不可数名词的特点,(1)Tables are made of _. A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods(2)Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. adviceC. advices D. the advices (3)He gained his _by printing _of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works,(1) 没有复数形式； (2) 不能直接在前面加不定冠词；,(3) 表示其数量不能直接在前面加数词，而要用a piece of之类 的结构。,A,B,D,名词的单复数,(1) Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my _. A. teeth B. tooth C. teeths D. toothes (2) _turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves(3)_will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses,当可数名词的数大于一时要用复数形式。 特殊用法,A,D,C,一般情况加 -s1.清辅音后读/s/ map-maps book-books 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags car-cars,名词复数的规则变化(1),以s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches 但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 s。 stomach stomachs 读 /s/,以ce, se, ze, (d)ge 等结尾的词加 -s es 读 /iz/ bridge- bridges exercise-exercises,名词复数的规则变化(2),以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：读 /z/ two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays,以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i 再加es ies 读 /iz/ party-parties baby-babies,名词复数的规则变化(3),以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加-s 读 /s/ roof-roofs 一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。 b. 去f, fe 加-ves half-halvesknife-knives 读 /vz/ leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves c. 均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves hoof-hoofs/hooves,名词复数的规则变化(4),a tomato,some tomatoes,some potatoes,some heroes,名词复数的规则变化(5),辅音字母+o结尾，加 es 读 /z/,但 piano, photo, kilo, tobacco加s,元音字母+o结尾，加 s 读 /z/ radio-radios,foot - feet,child - children,tooth - teeth,mouse - mice,名词复数的不规则变化(1),goose-geese ox-oxen,man - men,woman - women,men doctors,women teachers,one sheep,two sheep,a Chinese,two Chinese,a Japanese,several Japanese,名词复数的不规则变化(2):单复数形式相同,one fish 一条鱼,fishes 不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,three fish 三条鱼,some fish一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,deer-deer means-means series-series species-species works-works（工厂）,Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况： 1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss 2、需要变形：English - Englishman 3、加 s 或 -es：German Germans 详见下表。,1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the French a Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes,_ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海) A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses,专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如： - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _. (98上海) A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers,Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups。,可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语及转换,1.I need_ cloth, for Im hoping to make _clothes. A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot 2.We waited _ for the bus.A. long time B. a long time C. the long time D. some long time3._work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A . Many B.A great many C. A large number of D. A great deal of4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of5. We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our new apartment. We need to buy _ more furniture. A. any B. many C. little D. some,A,B,D,B,D,6. I hear_ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little7. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out. A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many8.Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge,B,C,1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes, fruits, teas, all weathers。2. 有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如, shame/ pity(憾事), interest(乐事), pleasure(乐事), surprise(意外事), disappointment(令人失望的 人或事), success (成功的人或事), difficulty (难事), help (帮手)等。,A,不可数名词与可数名词的转换,3. 表示“一场/段/件/种”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。 如，a fine rain(一阵细雨),a heavy snow(一场大雪), a long time(很长一段时间)。 4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也 有复数形式。如two teas and a coffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)； 5. 有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如： paper glass time exercise experience room 不可数 纸 玻璃 时间 锻炼 经验 空间余地 可数 试卷 玻璃杯 次、倍 习题、体操 经历 、房间 6. 有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词 修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, clothing等。,名词的修饰语,只能修饰可数名词的有each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, (a) few, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。,2. 只能修饰不可数的有(a) little, much, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of等。,名词作定语,1.The village is far away from here indeed. Its _walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours 2.He dropped the _and broke it. A. cup of coffeeB. coffees cupC. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 3. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycless shop 4. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours,一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge(石桥), a meeting room (会议室), morning exercise(早操), London Airport(伦敦机场), a story book(故事书)，a shoe shop(鞋店)。,D,D,B,C,2. man, woman要与所修饰的名词的数一致。如a woman teacher(一 位女教师), two women teachers(两位女教师)。3. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。如 a sports meet (运动会), a goods train(货车), customs house(海关), a sales manager(营业主任)。 4.数词+名词”作定语,若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符， 名词用所有格。,名词的搭配,问题1 Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection,可以将“ have no choice but to do ”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江卷） Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense 类似的题还有：,1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (N 1994) A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship 2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (1998 上海) A. fareB. chargeC. moneyD. pay 3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. （03北京春季） AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking 4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. （04天津） A reachB handC holdD place,问题2 A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of,注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：the size of; the weight of; the length of .,1.Miss Smith is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 2. Wheres your brother? At _. A. Mr. Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens D. the Mr. Green 3.I wonder whose bicycle it is. It might be my_ A. neighbours B. dear neighbour C. neighbour D. neighbours,名词的所有格,A,A,A,名词的所有格有两种形式：s式和of式。一般说来，表示有生命 的名词和表示时间、国家、距离等的名词的所有格用s，如 Marys mother, todays news; 表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of,如the cover of the book。但还须注意以下几点：,以s结尾的复数名词后只加撇号不加s。如teachers office。 表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加s。如Kate and Marys room。 3. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面 常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。,名词词语辨析,问题1 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷） A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind,高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。,1.Im trying to break the_ of getting up too late. (09天津） A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure 2. The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_ when the virus of H1N1hit Mexico in April, 2009. (09福建） A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration,3.China has got a good_ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.（09安徽） A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge 4. -He says that my new car is a _ of money. -Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?（09山东） A. lack B. load C. question D. waste,5. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy_ to the digital resources of the library.（09浙江） A. access B. passage C. way D. approach 6.From their_ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.（09陕西） A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation,7. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for_ building.（09湖北） A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character 8. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a_ for everyone to stand up.(09重庆） A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure,9. The _ of surfing the Internet is how you can tell whether the information is true or not. A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 10. It was such a(n)_ when Pat and Mike met each other in Macao. Each thought that the other was still in Hong Kong. A. fancy B. incident C. coincidence D. destination,