全国自考英语国家概况试题及答案

2002年4月全国自考英语国家概况试题及答案.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (40 points, 1 point for each)1.Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with _.A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingD.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking2.Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?A.Brition has used up almost all coal deposits.B.The demand for British coal has declined.C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines3.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, each of whichreturns _ to the House of Commons.A.one member B.two membersC.three members D.four members4.In the 1970s oil was discovered in _, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic for Britain.A.the English Channel B.the Irish SeaC.St. Georges Channel D.the North Sea5.In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _.A.the Lord Chancellor B.the Prime MinisterC.the Speaker D.the Parliamentary Commissioner6.Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of _ in 1918.A.18 B.20 C.30 D.357.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from “_”.A.The Bill of Rights B.The Agreement of the PeopleC.The Peoples Charter D.The Great Charter8.In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when _ became world famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage.A.teh Beach Boys B.the Rolling StoneC.the Animals D.the Beatles9.The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today.A.the Labour Party B.the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal Party D.the Social Democratic Party10.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A.largest B.second largestC.third largest D.fourth largest11.In the United Kingdom,police officers are not allowed to join _ or to go on strike.A.a trade union B.a choirC. apolitical party D.a club12.Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great that they were worthy of the term “_”.A.reform B.evolutionC.revolution D.reformation13.The Mississippi, which is sometimes called _, has played a vital role in the history of the United States.A.“Old Man River” B.“Moon River”C.“Old Father River” D.“Mother of the United States”14.The largest and smallest states of the United States are _.A.Alaska and Rhode Island B.Texas and MaineC.Texas and Rhode Island D.Alaska and Maine15.A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the South and the Weast of the United States is _.A.the flow of people to sunbelt areaB.the flow of peole from small cities to big citiesC.the growth of small townsD.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs16.The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is _.A.higher than the national averageB.lower than the national averageC.about the same with the national averageD.none of the above17.The three Puritan traditions are _.A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningB.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learningC.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningD.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement18.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the production of _.A.coal B.electricity C.oil D.wheat19.During the Second World War, Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met at _.A.Teheran, Yalta and PotsdamB.Teheran and YaltaC.Yalta, Potsdam and BerlinD.Teheran and Potsdam20.The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectively by _.A.Eisenhower and KennedyB.Johnson and NixonC.Johnson and KennedyD.Kennedy and Johnson21.The origin of the American party system can be traced to _.A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of IndependenceB.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti-FederalistsC.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slaveryD.none of the above22.The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are _.A.research and teachingB.teaching and degree awardingC.professional training, teaching and public serviceD.teaching, research and public service23.In “Song of Myself”, Whitman writes that _.A.woman is not worth mentioningB.woman is not as great as manC.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatestD.none of the above24.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been _.A.friendship and happiness B.peace and plentyC.cooperation and rich reward D.love and happiness25.Australia is located between _ and the Indian Ocean.A.the South Pacific Ocean B.the Atlantic OceanC.the North Sea D.the Arctic26.Australia, which is one of the worlds developed countries, has become rich through _.A.manufacturing industries B.farming and miningC.service industries D.forestry and fishing27.Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred to in English as _.A.teh Dreamland B.the DreamingC.the Beginning of the World D.the Beginning of the Universe28.As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia can be divided into the following phases with the exception of _.A.the period of the original culture of Aboriginal peopleB.the period of the dominant British cultureC.teh period of Asian cultureD.the period of a multicultural society29.The Mabo Judgement passed by Australias High Court in June 1992 overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means _.A.“land belonging to no one” B.“land unknown to everyone”C.“Wonderland” D.“Dreamtime”30.During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become a republic with _.A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of stateB.a prime minister replacing the governor-general as head of governmentC.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of stateD.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government31.The longest river in Canada is _.A.the Mackenzie B.the St. LawrenceC.teh Severn D.the Yukon32.Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during the Seven Years War?A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.B.Because they did not get support from the local people.C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.33.Which of the following is not true about Canadas manufacturing today?A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nations leading manufactured product.C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canadas chief man ufacturing industryD.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canadas manufacturing.34.When was the referendum on Quebecs future status held in Canada?A.1994.B.1995.C.1996.D.199735.Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of _, recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.A.assimilation B.integrationC.multiculturalism D.gender equality36.In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by _.A.the Liberal Party B.the Progressive Conservative PartyC.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative PartyD.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party37.What is Ireland called in Irish?A.Irea B.Aire C.Eare D.Eire38.What are Irelands chief exports?A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.39.A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it often has _.A.floods B.volcanic eruptionsC.earthquakes D.droughts40.Which of the following is not true about the political system of New Zealand?A.New Zealand has a written constitution.B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.PART TWO.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points , 3 points for each)41. What are the main types of farming in Britain?42.How are the state-run television channels BBC1 and BBC2 financed?43.What is the aim of the social security system in the United Kingdom?44.What kind of economic system does the United States have?45.What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?46.What is the difference between an academic high school and a technical high school?47.What are the most common leisure activities in Canada?48.What does the outback refer to in Australia?49.What are the two types of farming in Ireland?50.Why is the population of New Zealand so unevenly distributed?.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words (20 points, 5 points for each)51.The Civil List52.Operation Overlord53.Stagflation54.Kiwi.Write between 100120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)55. Give two examples to show the kind of political intolerance in the U.S. after the end of W.W.I.全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题参考答案.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding brackets on the answer sheet. (40 points, 1 point for each)1.A 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B6.C 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.B11.A 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.D16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D21.B 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A26.B 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.A31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C36.C 37.D 38.A 39.C 40.C.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points , 3 points for each)41.They are arable farming, dairy farming, stock farming, mixed farming, hill farming and market gardening.42.They are financed from the sale of television licences.43.The aim of the social security is to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need.44.The U.S. has a freemarket economy with a dominant private sector.45.They were:(a)there was no national executive or law-enforcing branch and (b)Congress had no power to raise taxes.46.An academic high school only aims at preparing students for college while a technical school provides students for a variety of occupations and vocations.47.They are swimming, tennis, golf and baseball.48.In Australia, the areas that are far away from towns and cities are called the outback, especially the desert areas in central Australia.49.They are arable farming and stock farming.50.Reasons for the uneven distribution are the milder climate in the north, the expansion of North Island industries and the availability of land suitable for specialized farming.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words (20 points, 5 points for each)51.The Civil List is an annual grant approved by Parliament. The grant is made to the British Sovereign and members of the royal family. It is used to cover the expense involved in carrying out their public duties.52.Operation Overlord was the codename for Ally landing on the south of France. It was launched in May, 1944. The decision of launching Operation Overlord was made at the Teheran Conference.53.Starting from the mid-1970s, the United States suffered from “stagflation”, that is, the occurrence of no or little economic growth and inflation at the same time. By 1974, prices were rising at the rate of 11% and it affected a large section of the middle class.54. The kiwi is a New Zealand bird with a long beak and hair-like feathers, which cannot fly. The kiwi is the national symbol of New Zealand and New Zealanders refer to themselves as Kiwis.Write between 100120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)55.On Nov. 7, 1919 and Jan. 2, 1920, the Justice Department launched two waves of mass arrests. Over 4,000 suspected Communists and radicals were arrested and many were forced to leave the United States.On April 15, 1920, Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested on the charge of involvement in a murder and robbery case. They were convicted and sentenced to death. But there was little evidence to prove they were guilty. Strong, wide-spread protests did not save them. They were executed in 1927. People said they died for their radicalism. (The example of Ku Klux Klan can also be used.)相信能就一定能一个人懂你，就是时时关心你；就是刻刻在乎你；就是凡事想着你。懂你的人，会想着你的冷暖，想着你的忧乐，想着你是否安好。懂你，是心灵的一种呵护，是生命的一种温度，是彼此间的一种温馨。因为有人懂你，你流在眼角的泪水有人擦；因为有人懂你，你欢笑时有人陪你笑；因为有人懂你，你寂寞时有人陪；因为有人懂你，你有难时有人帮；因为有人懂你，你痛苦时有人安慰。懂你的人是你的知己，甚至比知己更知己。知己也只能是无话不说，心心相印，情同手足，休戚与共。而懂你的人则更进一层，如若懂得，你的一个眼神，便能会意；你的一个暗示，便能心领；你任何一个神情，便会心有灵犀。懂你的人，会对你心领神会，了如指掌，会对你的了解犹如了解自己。懂，是世界上最温情的语言。浅浅的微笑，却包含着深深的喜欢；淡淡的祝福，却包含着浓浓的情意；短短的问候，却包含着长长的思念。有时只说了只言片语，却胜似万语千言；有时只是一个眼神，一个动作，却能让你心间温暖如春。懂你的人，最懂你的苦衷，最懂你的心累，最懂你的真诚，最懂你的内心世界。因为懂得，所以心相同；因为懂得，所以才心疼；因为懂得，所以才感动！懂你，是一种深深的理解；懂你，是一种默默的喜欢；懂你，是一种暖暖的陪伴。有一个懂你的人，真的就是一种幸福。你不会十全十美，他也不会十全十美，但两个都不完美的人却能撞出心灵的火花，却能达到无与伦比的默契，却能达成无法形容的融合，该是怎样的互懂？！最懂你的人，也许会一直默默的陪伴在你的身边；也许会在天涯海角；但他总会在心里默默的守护你，总会在心里默默祈祷你幸福安康！人与人之间最美是懂得，同事之间，只有互懂，才能互相理解；朋友之间，只有互懂，才能互相担待；夫妻之间，只有互懂，才能融洽度日；知己之间，只有互懂，才能长久长远；人与人之间，只有互懂，才能结识、结缘！互懂，说起来容易做起来难！父母与子女之间，如果能互懂，就没有不孝和刁难；夫妻之间，如果能互懂，就没有争吵和硝烟；朋友同事之间，如果能互懂，就没有是非和埋怨；官场之间，如果能互懂，就没有争斗和谗言；人与人之间，如果能互懂，就没有愧疚和不安。其实，懂，应该是相互的。