2017年考研英语二及答案解析

2017年考研英语二SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points) 1.Aboasting BdenyingCwarningDensuring2.Ainequality BinstabilityCunreliabilityDuncertainty3.Apolicy BguidelineCresolutionDprediction4.Acharacterized BdividedCbalancedDmeasured5.Awisdom BmeaningCgloryDfreedom6.AInstead BIndeed CThus DNevertheless7.Arich BurbanCworking Deducated8.AexplanationBrequirementCcompensationDsubstitute9.AunderBbeyondCalongsideDamong10.AleavebehindBmakeup CworryaboutDsetaside11.AstatisticallyBoccasionallyCnecessarily Deconomically12.Achances BdownsidesCbenefits Dprinciples13.AabsenceBheight Cface Dcourse14.AdisturbBrestoreCexclude Dyield15.AmodelBpractice CvirtueDhardship16.AtrickyBlengthyCmysterious Dscarce17.Ademands BstandardsCqualities Dthreats18.AignoredBtired CconfusedDstarved19.Aoff BagainstCbehindDinto20.AtechnologicalBprofessionalCeducationalDinterpersonalSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1Text2 Text3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesntit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesntfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisntacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,itsnotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.Theresalwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuitsinfact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchangesallthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyourenotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisntsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.Itsnotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat_.AtheythinkitacademicallymisleadingBtheyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegeCitfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersDitseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps_.AkeepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticBlowerrisksinchoosingcareersCeasefreshmensfinancialburdensDrelievefreshmenofpressures33.Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestinmeaningto_.AadaptationBapplicationCmotivationDcompetition34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem_.AavoidacademicfailuresBestablishlong-termgoalsCswitchtoanothercollegeDdecideontherightmajor35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe_.AInFavoroftheGapYearBTheABCsoftheGapYearCTheGapYearComesBackDTheGapYear:ADilemmaText4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagencysotherworksuchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeepthataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?“Itsalreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,”hesays.Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechangehowthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldntcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadstoanoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfiresinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“Wevedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays.“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they_.AexhaustedunprecedentedmanagementeffortsBconsumedarecord-highpercentageofbudgetCseverelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstatesDcausedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure37.Moritzcallsfortheuseofamagnifyingglassto_.Araisemorefundsforfire-proneareasBavoidtheredirectionoffederalmoneyCfindwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeDguaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat_.ApublicdebateshavenotsettledyetBfire-fightingconditionsareimprovingCotherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedDashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto_.AdiscoverthefundamentalmakeupofnatureBexplorethemechanismofthehumansystemsCmaximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlifeDunderstandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature40. ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould_.AdoawaywithBcometotermswithCpayapriceforDkeepawayfromPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump.Wedontmakeanythinganymore,hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkersandupwardpressureonwages.Theyrehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,Theymaybecomingintotheworkforce,buttheyvebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturing,Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecoppercoilshestryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.Itshisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering.Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating.hesays.Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennialsremembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Theseconcernsarentmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to12millionin2013.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege.TherereenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudontneedtohavemuchskill.Itsthatgapinbetween,andthatswheretheproblemis.JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility.Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,shesays.SectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46.Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.Twoyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool,ItookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingthatIwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealisedthatIwasnotgoodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecidedthatitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethatIwouldstudyjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavouriteactivities.But,tobeabsolutelyhonest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream-Iknewthatnoone,apartfrommyself,couldimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!SectionIVWritingPartA参考答案1.C空格之后的宾语从句部分“technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。2.A空格单词后面的句意看到了贫富对比，故作为上文对其进行概括关键应选择inequality。3.D空格之后的内容“holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort，”该定语从句是对空格词汇的修饰与说明，既然文中用到了will这一个表示将来时态的助动词，故答案为prediction。4.Aone4bypurposelessness。其他三项均不符合，故排除。5.BWithoutjobstogivetheirlives5，peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.空格所在句后面的表述与空格前的内容属于并列关系，由逗号连接。答案选择meaning。AwisdomCgloryDfreedom这些选项都表示褒义色彩和后面lazy、depressed矛盾。6.B分析下四个选项可以看出并无体现因果关系故AThus排除，另外instead，nevertheless表示转折语意，但是上下文逻辑并无体现。7.COneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression，doubletheratefor7Americans.根据上下文对比的语意对照应该选择working。前面提到unemployed。此处在进行对比，故选择表示反义呼应的词working。8.Asomeresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality，mental-healthproblems，andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.9.D很明显应该指前者的发生范围。浏览四个选项，among“在.中”表示范围，符合此处语义需要，故为答案。10.C Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.11.CButitdoesnt11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.But表示转折语意。doesntnecessarily不一定。符合此处语意需要，故为答案。12.BSuchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.答案的线索在于空格后面的介词短语，后面提到beingunemployed。这是贬义。其他选项均不符条件。13.A Inthe13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.14.DInthe13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.该空格所选词汇的主语是asociety宾语是differentcircumstances.根据主谓一致的原则应该选择yield。语义为：产生。15.Coverblown.一词为解题线索。含义：吹散吹倒表贬义。后面的内容Manyjobsareboring，degrading，unhealthy，andawasteofhumanpotential，”saysJohnDanaher，alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.是对这句话的进一步解释，结合前后的上下文语义理解，应选择virtue，其他选项均排除。16.Dbecauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers，peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.结合常识认知及上下文理解应该选择scarce。17.A根据语义的要求，浏览选项，只有demands符合语义要求。18.B“WhenIcomehomefromaharddayswork，Ioftenfeel18，”Danahersays，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdonthavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”.19.Dperhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.“Throwoneselfinto.”意思是：一头扎进；投身于，积极从事20Bperhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimselfintoahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.此处空格处答案和前面的intensity形成呼应与关联。故此处professional符合语义需要，入选。阅读21.【答案】A【解析】由题干中的关键词AccordingtoParagraph1,可以快速的定位到文中的第一段，第一段讲了每周六大约有五万多人都会在他们当地的公园里跑步，跑步的年龄跨度之大：从4岁的小朋友到祖父母年纪的人都有；跑步所用的时间跨度也很大：从世界纪录的13分48秒到一个小时。由此可见，这是一个全民运动，与A选项的greatpopularity相互对应，所以选A.其他选项，B创造了很多就业机会；C增强了社会的凝聚力；D成为一个官方的节日；这几个选项原文中都没有涉及，所以排除。22.【答案】B【解析】可以发现原文中第二段第一句话ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondonsOlympic“legacy”isfailing与题干中的关键词LondonsOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto.对应，所以可以锁定文章的第二段，从而找出解题的关键。第二段前半部分讲了在最初的时候Olympic的目标，然而，事实却事与愿违，.butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.由这句话可以看出，Olympic并没有推动大众的参与性，与预期的目标不符，所以选择B。23.【答案】C【解析】由题干中的关键词ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat.可以知道这是想考察Parkrun和Olympic的区别。追溯到原文，可以看到文中的第三段第一句话：Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial.从这句话可以排除A和B，因为A和B都和竞争有关，D选项可以从这一段的这一句话：thereismuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereis.可知，Parkrun有很多第一次参加的人，所以排除D.最后可以知道，答案选C，因为parkrun不是比赛，所以就不重视精英主义。24.【答案】D【解析】由题干中的关键词thegovernmentsshould.,可以知道，命题人想要考察的是对于Parkrun这一项大众运动，政府应该做点什么。所以，考生要快速的定位到原文中有关政府的段落，即第四段，Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoodsmakingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.从这里可以知道，作者希望政府能够为Parkrun提供场所和钱，并针对学校制定相关条例以鼓励全民运动。由此可以排除A，B，C.最终选择D。25.【答案】B【解析】由题干中的关键词theauthorsattitudetowhatUKgovernmenthavedoneforsport可以再次锁定原文中关于政府的部分，可见这一题与24题是有一定联系的。第四段一开始作者提出了自己对政府的期许，但是事实上，政府却没有达到这一期许。Butsuccessivegovernmenthavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.政府负责卖地，从地方政府压榨金钱，不重视学校的体育运动。可见，此处作者指责政府的一系列行为，由此可以得出答案B.tolerant:宽容的，容忍的；uncertain：含糊的，不确定的；sympathetic：同情的，赞同的。26.【答案】B【解析】由题干中的关键词JennyRadesky,可以快速的定位到文中提到此人物的第一段第二行，接着题干中说digitalproductsaredesignedto.可以知道，考查的是数码产品的目的，回归到文中第一段第二行，可知JennyRadesky说了这样一句话：Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.电子产品就是为了促进最大程度的参与性，由此可以得出答案B为了吸引用户的注意力。其余选项在JennyRadesky的话中都没有体现。27.【答案】D【解析】由题干中的关键词food-testingexercise,mothersuseofdevices.可以快速的定位到第二段第二行:Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.从这里可以知道，母亲使用手机会减少20%的语言交流机会，39%的非语言交流。由此可以得出答案为D.减少了母亲和孩子之间的交流。28.【答案】D【解析】本题目是具体细节题。题干中的关键词Radesky和stillfaceexperiment定位到倒数第三段大写R处，题目问实验一定要找实验结论，结论在本段最后一句的but之后，这里提到了parentsneedbetoresponsive.to.emotionalneed，父母需要对情感需求做出回应。正确答案D是原文的原词复现。干扰项A的blankexpressions是原文实验里面的具体内容，非实验表明；选项B是最后一句的个别词干扰；选项C偷换概念，不是childrenareinsensitive，而是parents。29.【答案】C【解析】本题目为具体细节题。根据题干的关键词oppressiveideology和大写字母Tronick定位到最后一段的第一句话that之后。本句that后的demands对应题干的requires，说道“父母应该总是要交流”。正确选项C的constantinteraction对应原文的alwaysinteracting。干扰项A的fantasies是定位句下一句中的个别词干扰；选项B的30000words同样是定位句之后的句子中提到的，而且是if的一个条件句；选项D的concerned是末段首句的concerned，但是偷换概念。30.【答案】A【解析】本题目为文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干中的大写字母Tronick及关键词kid定位到最后一段的倒数第三句，破折号后面解释了kidsuseofscreens的具体目的。“itgivesparentstimeto.”与正确选项A完全一致，属于原文的原词复现。干扰项B的creative并未提及；选项C的