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商务英语常用词汇与句型,1.Commodity n.商品（正式用语，指一般性的商品的总称）,Eg: They are not interested in most of commodities on display. Eg: The commodity prices have been going up in recent years.,2,在外贸业务中表示商品的同义词很多（本组词包括17个），具体含义和用法各异，如下所述：,1) Goods(词形固定为复数，但不与数词连用，可与commodity等词通用，是较普通的用语) Eg: The goods enquired for are out of stock for the moment. 2) Merchandise泛指商品，无复数形式不与不定冠词连用，不具体指某种商品。 Eg: Smith on/for the account of sb. 由的账户付账 Eg: All the expenses prior to shipment are for/on sellers account. Eg: We buy the goods for/on the account of Messers Freeman this time they may do a little better. Eg: No other buyers have bid higher than this rate. 另：counterbid=counteroffer 还价，还盘,21.bid n. 递价，递盘,40,European Main Ports,as follows(=as what follows) 如下 Eg: The prices are quoted as follows: follow-up n. 续函 Eg: This is a follow-up to our letter of May 1. Following adj. HK$ HongKong Dollars 同理，Francs也不代表法郎 Eg: French Francs & Swiss Francs ￥也不表示人民币，正确的应该是RMB￥ Eg: Jan ￥ Sterling Pounds DM German Marks,37Reduce v. 减少，降低=decrease,Eg: Do you agree to reduce the quantity from 350 tons to 200 tons? Eg: Buyers cannot accept your quotation unless it is reduced/decreased. 同义词还有：decline / fall但不能直接跟宾语，比较： Eg: The demand on/for wools has declined/fallen. reduction n.下降，减少(=decline, decrease) Eg: There has been a reduction/fall/decrease in demand of wools. Eg: It is estimated that there is reduction/fall/decline/in price of meat and eggs in the near future.,38Reject v. 拒绝,在外贸业务中常用于拒收、驳回等场合，语气强烈。 注意该词后接名词性宾语，不可用不定式。 Eg: The buyer rejected all the excuses that the seller made for the delayed delivery. Eg: We reject the goods, because they are much more inferior to the sample.,同义和近义的外贸常用词,1）refuse v.（语气较轻，原意是不愿做某事）可直接跟宾语、动词不定式 Eg: They refuse to consider our suggestion. Eg: We refuse to entertain this claim, as the buyers have given no supporting documents. 2）decline谢绝（更婉转有礼）后可跟名词宾语、动名词、动词不定式 Eg: As your prices are too high to meet the competition, we have to decline your offer with regret.,此三词语气程度为： declinerefusereject,39Satisfy v. 使人感到满意,常用短语 sth. satisfies sb. 某事令某人感到满意 be satisfied with sth. 对某事满意 Eg: Your explanation doesnt satisfy us. Eg: We are satisfied with the result of the negotiation. satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 常用句型：sth. be satisfactory (to sb.) 某事令某人满意 Eg: We find the shipment sample quite satisfactory. satisfaction n. 令人满意 常用句型：to ones satisfaction 令某人满意 Eg: We hope the particular material will sure our to your satisfaction.,40Regret v. 抱歉，遗憾,Eg: We regret this oversight on our part. Eg: They very much regret having caused us so much trouble. Eg: We regret to say that you delayed 30 days to open L/C. n. 抱歉，遗憾 常用句型：to ones regret Eg: Much to our regret, no more orders can be accepted this year for heavy commitments. Eg: We note with regret that your price is on the high side.,Regretful adj. （指人）感到抱歉的 Eg: We are regretful that we didnt open L/C in time. Regrettable adj. （指物）令人遗憾的 Eg: This is a regrettable matter.,试比较： Regret to do sth.与 regret doing sth. Forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth.,思考题：动词不定式与动名词用法有何差异？ 含义如何？,41Extend v.,1）延长，延展，延期 Eg: We have to ask you to extend the shipment date and the validity of your L/C to the end of May and June 15 respectively. Eg: Please extend your offer for fortnight.,思考题：为什么要分别延长装运期和信用证的有效期？,2）扩大，扩展 (=expand ，可换用) Eg: We wish to extend our trade activities in the border between China and Russia. Eg: You must expand your production to meet the daily increasing demand. 3）给予 (=offer, grant) Eg: We extend our thanks to you for your close cooperation in this respect. Eg: We are extending our invitation to have the presence of the Managing Director of G.P Duncan & Co.,42Claim n. 索赔，收汇,为某事向某人提出索赔 lodge a claim with sb. for sth. raise a claim against sb. for sth. file a claim on sb. for sth. 可换用的还有：put in, set up, make, issue, lay, register Eg: We are entitled to lodge a claim for the inferior quality against the seller. Eg: They have raised a claim on the goods for $ 530 on account of short weight. Eg: Our claim on your L/C No.55 has not been paid yet.,v. 索赔 claim from sb. for sth. 为某物向某人索赔 Eg: We claim RMB 20000 from the insurance company. Eg: They claimed the payment from their client in Australia.,有些形容词，本身已是比较级的形式，后面不能用than应用to。此类词有：prior, senior, junior, superior, Inferior, preferable,43Insure v.保险，投保,Eg: We have insured the shipment against All Risks and War Risk with the Peoples Insurance Company of China. (PICC) Eg: Please insure the initial order for US $ 25000 against All Risks. insurance n. 保险 常用结构：cover/effect/arrange/take out insurance on sth. againstfor or at 为某物按金额投保险别 Eg: Insurance has been covered by the sellers on the subject article for/at 110% of the invoice value against All Risks.,insurance company（=underwriter , insurer） 保险公司,保险人 insurance policy 保险单 insurance premium 保险费 insurance coverage 保险险别（范围） insurance agent 保险代理 Eg: Since the premium varies with the extent of insurance, extra premium is for buyers account if additional risks should be required.,保险条款标准格式：,to be covered by 某人against 投保险别for 投保金额 as per 保险条款 FOB、CFR条件下,由买方投保，与卖方无关，因此，简单规定为： To be covered by the Buyers CIF条件下，由卖方投保，保险的险别、保险金额直接关系保险费的多少，因此必须明确规定，国际惯例为： Eg: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per CIC dated 1st January 1981.(or PICC),简要复习相关保险知识,海上 自然灾害 全损 风险 意外事故 部分损失 单独海损 共同海损,外来 一般外来风险（11种） 11种一般加险 风险 特殊、特别外来风险 特殊、特别附加险,重要术语：单独海损（ Particular Average ）共同海损（General Average）,平安险（Free From Particular Average单独海损不赔 ）的保险范围：上图红线以上黄色箭头除外 水渍险（With Particular Average 单独海损也赔）的保险范围：上图红线以上 一切险（All Risks）的保险范围：上图绿线以上,施救费用 海上费用 救助费用,特别说明：三种基本险都包括海上费用,44Case n.事例，案例,Eg: It seems that we have to refer the case to arbitration. 常用词组：1）in case (=if ，间或可与 provided换用) Eg: In that case the L/C arrives tomorrow, we still have time to rush the shipment. Eg: We can arrange the shipment provided that your L/C comes to our hand before the end of this month. 2）in case of (= in the event of) 万一，如果发生 Eg: Please inform us by return in case of delay. 3）in any case不管怎样，无论如何(与in any rate , in no case可通用) Eg: We admit that the quality of your goods is slightly better , but the gap in price should , in no case , be as big as 10%.,独立主格结构,such being the case 情况既然如此 Eg: Such being the case , you have no cause for complain.,当句子主语与分词的主语不一致时，分词短语可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构（n.+ doing或done），或改为相应的状语从句。 Eg: He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. Eg: So many people being absent, we decided to put off the meeting. Eg: When we were standing in the driveway, the house appeared to be much smaller than it had seemed to us as children many years ago.,45Stock n. 存货,supply sth. from / in / ex stock 某物有现货可供 Eg: They can supply this quantity ex/ from /in their stock. Eg: We shall place repeat orders if you have a good stock of Linen goods. Eg: Black tea , first grade , is out of stock at present. v. 备有存货，置办存货 Eg: We dot not stock this material for the time being. adj. 常备的 Eg: This is a stock excuse.,46Dispose v. 使用意于，使倾向于,dispose sb. to do sth. 使某人有意欲（倾向于） Eg: An active market disposes us to entertain new business. be disposed to (=be inclined to / be apt to)倾向于（做某事），有意（做某事） Eg: Dealers are not disposed to carry large stocks now. Eg: In view of this situation , we are inclined to wait. Eg: Our buyers are apt to give their orders to your competitors. dispose of sth. 售卖出，处理掉 Eg: We found there is another chance to dispose of the balance.,disposal n. 处理，出售 Eg: The disposal of the substandard products is a taxing problem. 常用短语：at ones disposal由某人使用（处理或支配） Eg: We put our business at the agents disposal in HK.,前缀 sub- 下面的 Eg: subway subdivide subconscious,47Draw v. 开具（汇票）,Eg: We agree to draw at 60 days D/P instead of 60 days D/A. draw (a draft) on sb. for 为某物向某人开具汇票收款 Eg: We regret to note that draft drawn on you against your purchase of canned asparagus was dishonored. Eg: As agreed , we have drawn on you for the invoice value of this sample lot through the Bank of China in Tokyo. draw up (=make out , draft) 拟写，草拟 Eg: The contract is being drawn up. Eg: We will draw up the agreement in a day or two.,48Require v. 需要，要求,require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事（还可跟从句） Eg: Please cable us if additional required. Eg: The L/C requires us to ship the goods in one lot. Eg: The provision requires that spare bags should accompany the shipment. requirement n. 需要之物，具体要求（通常用复数） 常用结构：cover / meet / satisfy / fill / supply ones requirements for / of sth. Eg: We are well placed to meet your requirements for steel materials. Eg: Its a pity that you cannot cover our annual requirements of 100 tons walnuts.,49Expect v. 期待，预期,后接名词，动词不定式或从句 Eg: We expect the new crop will soon be available. 相似的表达还有：anticipate v. 期待（后接名词，动词不定式或从句） look forward to 盼望（后接名词和动名词） 近义的还有：wait for / await 等待（后接名词、动名词） 后接名词，动词不定式或从句,50Shipment n.装运，装运期，装运的货物 Eg: Please arrange shipment as soon as possible. Eg: You are requested to extend shipment 15 days. Eg: Fifteen out of a shipment of 8000 motorcycles on board s.s “Prince” were damaged during transit.,shipping adj. 装运的 Eg: We await your shipping advice. Eg: We shall advice you of the shipping marks within this week. Eg: Shipping space has been fully booked up. Eg: These shipping arrangements are not operative until ratified by our suppliers.,ship v.& n. 装运，装船，船（=steamer, vessel） Eg: We are under no obligation to ship by direct steamer. Eg: We shall ship your order immediately on receipt of this month. Eg: There is no ship / steamer / vessel unoccupied this month.,思考题：Shipping advice （装船通知）是谁发给谁的？什么时候发？其作用是什么？重要性怎样？,51Oblige v. 答应要求,Eg: Please oblige us by offering your best price. 常用结构：be obliged 感激的(=thankful, grateful, appreciate) be obliged to do sth.(=be compelled /forced to do sth.)被迫做某事 Eg: Our buyers are obliged to wait and see due to your unaccommodation. Eg: We are obliged to canceled the contract if your L/C fails to reach here before noon tomorrow.,52Effect v.完成，实现 n. 效果，影响,Eg: Shipment can be effected immediately. Eg: Please effect insurance at 110% of invoice value against All Risks. Eg: We are requested to effect amendment of the L/C soonest. Eg: The price fluctuation will have a favorable effect on the market. 1）in effect (=in fact)实际上，事实上；有效 Eg: The import regulation is still in effect. Eg: He is in effect a qualitified manager.,2）take effect (=come /go into effect) 生效 Eg: The newly-adjusted prices shall take effect from/on the 1st October. 3）to the effect that 大意是说，意思是；以使 Eg: Information has been received to the effect that you are inspecting the goods. Eg: We have cabled you to the above effect.,53Due adj.,Eg: We have received the remittance , but have to point out that the commission for the previous deal is still due to us. Eg: The plane is due to take off at a quarter to ten. Eg: The steamer is due next Monday at Shanghai. Eg: The draft falls due next month. Eg: They trust that they are able to make payment in due course. Eg: After due consideration , they decided to grant our request. overdue v. 超过（期限），逾期 Eg: The time of shipment has been overdue.,54Book v.预订，订购，登记入册，买进,1）book an order with sb. 向某人定货 2）book ones order for 把某人定货记载入帐 Eg: We have booked shipping space on s.s. “East Wind”, which is scheduled to arrive in London on or about August 10. Eg: As we are fully booked with orders, we regret being unable to satisfy your requirements for this article at present. Eg: Please let us know if you may book your order at the adjusted price.,Bookings n. 订货（=commitment） Eg: Owing to heavy bookings / commitments, we cannot accept fresh business. Eg: We have too heavy bookings / commitments to allow us to take on any orders.,55Contact v. 接触，联系(=approach),后接名词性宾语 Eg: We have contacted / approached the shipping company for booking the space. Eg: Please contact / approach our Head Office directly. n. 联系，接触 常用结构：make (hold, be in) contact with sb.与某人进行/保持联系 Eg: We have held business contact with this corporation for 20 years.,母公司（总部） 子公司（Subsidiary）,56. See 看,1）see ones way to 有可能做，设法做 Eg: We trust you will see your way to effect shipment in November. Eg: They dont see their way to granting the buyers request. 2）see (to it) that 注意办理以使，务必使，当心 Eg: We will see that the goods are properly packed. Eg: See that you dont fail to open the L/C. see about 处理 Eg: Who will see about this order? Eg: Please see about this letter without any delay.,重要,57. assure v. 保证，使确信（=ensure）,1) assure sb. of sth. 向某人保证某事，使某人确信 以人做主语时，表示向某人保证或承诺某事时多用此句型 Eg: We assure you of our prompt attention to this matter. Eg: We assure you that well give this matter our prompt attention. 2) be (rest) assured of 请放心，请确信（rest在此作系动词） Eg: You may rest assured of our close cooperation at all times. Eg: You may be assured that we shall always you our close cooperation.,ensure的常用句型 ：ensure+直接宾语 ensure + 从句（在以人作主语，表示某人保证某事时多用） Eg: We have done everything possible to ensure its being completed in time. Eg: We have done everything possible to ensure that it will be completed in time.,58. View v. 看待，认为,Eg: We view the matter unusual. n. 看法，意见 （后接of 或 on或从句） Eg: Please write your views of business likelihood / possibilities in the near future. Eg: We hold the view that price is not the only determinant.,1) in view of 有鉴于 Eg: We will set a precedent to accept your terms and conditions in view of the long friendly relationship between us. Eg: In view of this case, we wish you would revert to our proposal. 2) with a view to or with the view of 以 为目的 Eg: We give/grant you this accommodation with the view of prompting mutual interest. Eg: With a view to ironing out this misunderstanding, we explain as follows:,重要,59. Stress n. 着重点，强调（emphasis）,常用结构： put (place or lay) stress on 把重点放在，强调 Eg: We have to put / place /lay stress on this point. Eg: The stress should be placed on the comparison of qualities. v. 重视 （=emphasis） Eg: We cannot stress too strongly the importance of it. 无论怎么强调都不过分） Eg: Exporters stressed the point that regular offers are necessary.,60. Line n. 商品（范围），一类（货色）；行业 Eg: Are you engaged in this line?,be in line with 与相合，一致 be out of line with 与不相符，不一致 Eg: If your price is in line with the market, well entertain to place a large order. Eg: Much to our regret, your price is entirely out of line.,重要,
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