(牛津初中英语总复习)7BUnit2 (2)

(牛津初中英语总复习) 7B Unit 2一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. one tin of dog food 一听狗食复数：tins of dog food (p24)知识链接同义词can n.罐复数: cans e.g. a can of beef一罐牛肉，a coffee can咖啡罐头2. order a pizza点一个比萨 order vt.订购，order sth from sb向某人订购某物知识链接He ordered some machines from America. order n.顺序out of order不整齐3. tell you about life in this great new town tell sb about sth告诉某人关于某事 (p26)4. go walkinggo for a walk去散步5. be close to our friends靠近我们的朋友be close to反义词组be far from远离知识链接close adj.亲密的 e.g. a close friend of mine我的一个密友6. for example例如，简写作e.g.，后常接句子。 such as比如，后接单词或短语。7. pay a little money付一点钱，paypayspayingpaidpaid (p27)知识链接pay for sth付款，pay some money for sth买某物支付/花费钱用法拓展pay attention to名词/代词/动名词 注意，pay no attention to没注意，pay more attention to多注意 pay a visit to sb拜访某人payment n.支付 payment in cash8. Chinese restaurant中餐馆，Western restaurant西餐馆，enjoy/sing Beijing opera欣赏/唱京剧9. at the theatre在剧院 at the party在聚会上 (p29)10. a piece of bread一片面包，a slice of bread一片面包(slice薄片)，a loaf of bread 一大块面包loaves of bread，a kilo of一千克kilos of11. belong to Daniel belong to sb属于某人的，注意不能用物主代词或名词所有格。知识链接The house belongs to Mr Smith. That T-shirt belongs to her.12. all over the place到处都是, e.g. Look at our books. They are all over the place. (p34)13. plan to hold a welcome party for the exchange students from Britain (p35)14. prepare food and drink for the party知识链接prepare for为准备 e.g. prepare a hotel room for themprepare formake preparations for准备好 e.g. prepare for the World Cup15. 还有许多many more名词复数 much more不可数名词 (p36)用法拓展还有一些：some more名词复数或不可数名词, some more coffee/people16. make plans to go out计划外出 make a plan to do sthplan to do sth计划做某事 (p37)17. meet friends at the youth centre在青少年活动中心结交朋友，friends nearby附近的朋友 18. show you around my home town show sb around带领某人参观某地 (p40)19. grow vegetables and flowers种菜、种花plant trees植树 注意动词grow, plant的不同。20. go into town on my bicycle骑自行车进城 on the/ones bicycle骑自行车知识链接介词短语“骑自行车”两种不同的表达：by bicycle, on the/ones bicycle 词汇解析1. souvenirs纪念品things that help you think of a person, place, etc. think of想起2. 职业名词：waiter服务员，waitress女服务员，doctor, nurse, policeman, teacher, student, worker, farmer农民,cook厨师,shopper/customer顾客,cashier收银员3. sick adj.患病的，作定语或表语；ill adj.生病的，只能作表语。a sick person不能说成an ill person；feel sickfeel ill感到不舒服，fall ill病倒。be (ill) in hospital住院。4. 比较one与it：one代替前面已出现过的可数名词单数，it代替同一个物体，就是出现的那个事物。e.g. Do you have a camera? No, but my father has one. He bought it in Nanjing. ones代替前面已出现的同类可数名词复数；them代替前面的同一些人或物。5. the Palace Museum故宫，故宫三大殿：Taihe Palace太和殿(即金銮殿) Zhonghe Palace中和殿 Baohe Palace保和殿，Huangji Palace皇极殿，Fengxian Palace奉先殿，golden throne宝座，works of art工艺品，Chinese paintings中国画6. teach teaches teaching taught taught, teach sb sth教某人，teach sb (how) to do sth教某人做某事，teach oneselflearnby oneself自学二.【重点句型】1. How many tins of dog food can we buy with that? None. (p24)知识链接none一个人或物也没有，常用于回答How many/much? none of可数名词复数或us/you/them，谓语动词用单数或复数；none of不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。e.g. None of them is/are from Japan. None of the milk is fresh. They tried to find some money in the wallet, but they found none.用法拓展no onenobody没有人，不可与of连用，一般回答Why问句。nothing没有什么，回答What问句。e.g. Who hears of that man? Nobody/No one. What do you know about him? Nothing.2. It is only 40 minutes from the centre of Beijing by underground. (p24)知识链接该句等于It takes 40 minutes to go from Sunshine Town to the centre of Beijing by underground. 句型：A is some time from B by.It is some time from A to B by.从A地到B地乘坐需要时间。 e.g. Nanjing is 5 hours from Shanghai by train.3. There is less air pollution in Sunshine Town than in other areas of Beijing. 知识链接pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollute the river污染河流，pollution n.(U)污染4. Most of us live in tall buildings. tall buildings高楼大厦，通常用tall修饰buildings，不用high。5. They dont have to go far if they need help with their homework.知识链接go far走远路 need help with在某方面需要帮助 dont have todont need toneednt动词原形，不必做某事用法拓展have to表示客观方面的需要，有人称和时态的变化，常用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等时态，意为“不得不，得”；其否定式dont have to意为“不必”。must表示说话者的主观看法，即主观认为有必要，无人称变化，仅有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的变化；其否定式为mustnt，意为“一定不要、禁止、不允许”。6. You can shop until ten oclock at night in most shopping malls. (p27)知识链接until prep.&conj.后接短语或引导时间状语从句。notuntil直到才。主句和从句的时态通常为：主句一般将来时从句一般现在时主句和从句都用一般过去时。当主句是肯定句时，主句的谓语是延续性动词；当主句是否定句时，即notuntil，谓语是非延续性动词。It didnt stop raining until the next morning. She will stay in Shanghai until she finishes her task. 主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。He didnt go to bed until his father came back.He went to bed after his father came back.注意notuntil转换为含有after复合句的步骤：主句变为肯定句until变为after。7. You can choose any food you like in Sunshine Town. You can try Beijing duck. try品尝8. Why dont you visit our local theatre with us? 知识链接Why dont you do sth? Why not do sth? 为何不? 向某人提建议时用语。9. What else do you want? (p32)知识链接What elseWhat other things，else作定语，通常放在疑问词或不定代词之后。10. All my classmates want to become good friends with the exchange students. (p35)11. A: Would you like to go to the Palace Museum tomorrow? 邀请某人做某事B: Yes, sure. What can we see there? (sureof coursecertainly当然) A: We can see fine works of art there. (fine精美的)B: That sounds great. What time shall we leave in the morning? (听起来好极了；好主意)A: We shall be there at 9 a.m. to enjoy a full day there. (好好玩一整天)B: Yes, thats fine. Ill meet you at school at 8 a.m. tomorrow. (英语中通常为地点时间)12. Let me see. Oh, it must be Miss Zhaos. Her purse is the same colour. (p41)知识链接Let me see.让我想想看。I see.我明白了。must表推测，一定，否定式为cant，不可能。三.【语法详解】How many/much、名词所有格、物主代词、冠词How many, How much：How many名词复数? How much不可数名词?名词所有格：英语中的许多名词(主要是有生命的名词)可加-s表示所有关系。这种形式称之为名词的所有格。与之相对的，即不带这种词尾形式的叫做普通格。名词所有格-s的加法：一般情况下直接加-s。e.g. Toms sister, the dogs eyes, Miss Blacks hair clip不以-s词尾的名词复数也加-s。e.g. womens club, Childrens Day以-s词尾的名词复数只加“”号。e.g. the workers club, Teachers Day如果某物为两人或两人以上共有，在最后一个名词的词尾加-s；若非共有，则每个名词的词尾都加-s。 e.g. Mary and Janes room玛丽和简的房间，Marys and Janes rooms玛丽的房间和简的房间表示店铺、处所或某人家的名词加-s，其后的名词常常省略。 at the tailors 在裁缝店，at the butchers在肉铺，at the barbers在理发店，at the doctors在诊所，at St. Pauls在圣保罗大教堂，at my uncles在我叔叔家表示年代的名词后可加-s或s。e.g. in the 1970s/1970s 在20世纪70年代 名词所有格-s的用法：用在有生命的名词后：Peter and Sams father用在时间名词后：todays newspaper今天的报纸, a months salary一个月的薪水用在距离的名词后：twenty minutes walk步行20分钟的路程, half an hours drive用在长度、天体、重量、价格名词后。用在某些固定短语中。a birds eye view鸟瞰, in ones minds eye在某人的心目中of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西。the cover of the book, the door of the room用于较长定语修饰的有生命的东西。the story of Lei Feng, the classroom of Class 1用于名词化的词。the lives of poor children双重所有格：双重所有格指“of名词所有格”或“of名词性物主代词”。与a/an或数词连用，表部分。a photo of his brothers他哥哥的一张照片, a cousin of mine与this, that, these, those等连用，表示感情色彩。that novel of Marys玛丽的那本小说注意双重所有格与of所有格的不同含义。He is a friend of my brother.我哥哥的一个朋友(强调我哥哥的朋友不止一个)，He is a friend of my brother我哥哥的朋友(强调他对我哥哥的友好)物主代词词形变化物主代词分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中作定语，置于名词之前，其人称、数和性取决于它们所指代的名词和代词。名词性物主代词相当于名词，等于形容词性物主代词名词，不能用于名词之前，说话时要加重语气，其形式取决于它们所指代的名词或代词。e.g.Your shoes and mine are alike. Our house is opposite theirs. My car has the same colour as yours. His toy is here. Where is hers? 名词性物主代词有时也与of连用，构成双重属格，表示部分概念，有感情色彩。 He is a dear friend of mine. This dog of ours never bites.人称代词在名词前作主语或宾语，与名词是同位语关系；而物主代词在名词前用作定语，与名词是修饰关系。We students should study hard. Our students should pick up the litter after the picnic.物主代词不能与某些省略形式相混淆。itsits, theirtheyre, theirstheres, youryoure不定冠词a/an的基本用法表示“一个, 一件”。Theres a policeman at the door. Pass me an apple, please.初次提起某人或某物，表示“一个”。There is a bottle on the table. The bottle is empty.表示非特指的任何“一个”，代表同类事物中的“一个”。 A camel is bigger than a horse.用在表示时间、速度和价格等名词前，表示“每一”。twice a day, 80 km an hour用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前，表示“一阵、一场”等。 a gentle wind一阵微风，a heavy rain一场大雨，be a big success很成功用在序数词前，表示“再一、又一”。a second time再一次(言外之意指第二次)习惯用不定冠词的短语：a bit/little, a cup/glass of, a few/little, a good/great many, a great deal of, a kind/type of, a (large) number of, a loaf of, a lot (of), a moment later, a pair of, a piece of, as a matter of fact, as a result, catch/have a cold, do sb a favour, have/take a bath, have/take a break, have a breath, have a chance, have a good/great time, have/live a happy life, have a headache, have/take a rest, have/take a swim, have a try, have a walk, pay a visit to, in a hurry定冠词the的基本用法指特定的人或物，意思是这个，那个，这些，那些。Do you like the books?前面提到的人、物或与其有关的事物。I got a letter just now. The letter was sent by e-mail. 双方都知道的人或物。Would you mind my opening the window? Look. Here comes the bus.世上独一无二的事物及自然现象。The moon moves around the earth.序数词前。June is the sixth month of the year.形容词、副词最高级前(副词前常省略the)。the best season of the year, work (the) hardest形容词前表示一类人或物。the rich, the young表乐器的名词前。play the piano弹钢琴, learn the guitar学吉他表姓氏的名词复数前，指全家人或全家人中的一些人，如夫妇俩等。the Blacks, the Zhangs表年代、朝代、时代的名词前。in the 1990s 习惯用定冠词的固定短语：all over the country/worldat the age ofat the beginning/end ofat the momentat the top of ones voice高声by the way, in the distance在远处in the east ofin the endin the middle ofin the morning/afternoon/eveningon the air(用无线电)播送on the left/righton the phoneon the radio通过无线电on the spot当场；到场on the watch戒备；注意on the way toon the whole总的来说on the one handon the other hand一方面；另一方面定冠词的位置：放在exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等词之后。四.【中考真题】1. Your digital watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too. (2006天津)A. one; one B. it; it C. it; one D. one; it2. How many are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C. American D. Asian3. come and join us in the game? . But I must meet my uncle at the airport. (2006内蒙古)A. Why not to; I think so B. Why not; I hope so C. Why dont you; Im very tired D. Why not you; I like it 4. What else do you want? else. I think I have got everything ready. (2006重庆)A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything5. My grandma didnt go to sleep I got back home. (2006重庆) A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while6. We need more coffee. There is only left. (2007沈阳)A. little B. a little C. few D. a few7. Last week Lilys father bought her MP4 as birthday present. (2007连云港)A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a8. Do you like English teacher Miss Wang? Yes, we like very much.A. our; him B. our; her C. us; he D. ours; she9. Max likes Cindys painting very much. (对画线部分提问) 10. Dont talk to Simon like that. He is only _ eleven yearold boy. (2007南京) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填11. When traffic lights are red, we stop and wait. A. may B. can C. must D. might12. Tom has honest face, and in fact, he never tells lies or plays tricks on others. (2007南通)A. a B. an C. the D. /13. Did you go to the (剧院) with your cousin last night? 14. I knocked over my tea cup. It went right over keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near computer. (2007苏州) A. the; / B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a15. Some of the stickers belong to me, while the rest are . A. him and her B. his and her C. his and hers D. him and hers16. We should learn those (运动员) team spirit.17. Hi, Kitty, I have passed exams! Oh, congratulations! I hope my sister has also passed . A. my; her B. mine; her C. my; hers D. mine; hers (2007宿迁)18. That is Daniels key ring. (改为同义句) 19. We stayed at a very nice hotel. But I cant remember name of it. (2007泰州)A. the B. a C. an D. 不填20. This umbrella is yours and that one is (she). (2007无锡)21. Playing computer games is delightful, but (spend) too much time on it may do harm.22. My cousin works in a restaurant. He is cook. (2007徐州)A. a B. an C. the D. 不填23. I got up late this morning, so I the early bus. What a pity!A. caught B. failed C. missed D. took24.书面表达：Bill是美国的一名交换留学生，昨天他给Tom发了一封邮件。请你根据下图，简要介绍一下他在徐州的感受，并展开想象，适当发挥。要求：1.字数70左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。2.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。tom28hello from BillHi, TomIve been in Xuzhou as an exchange student for a week. I really enjoy my stay here. Dont worry!Here in Xuzhou things are quite different from the USA. For example, Please write to me soon. Best wishes.Bill25. Sandra works in a big factory. Shes worker. (2007盐城) A. a B. the C. some D. /26. Whose are those pencil cases? Oh, they are (我们的). (2007扬州)27. On the shelf there is fancy teddy bear. (2007镇江)A.the B. a C. an D. /28. Wow, your new bicycle looks the same as . Really?A. me B. I C. my D. mine五.【过关测试】1. bottles of juice would you like, Jim?A. How many B. How much C. What D. Where2. Look at he photo. The (five) girl from the right is my sister.3. Miss Wang is our Maths teacher. She (teach) us Maths.10