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English Grammar,Changbiao Li December, 2009,Lecture 6,Major Contents,Lecture 1 Introduction to NEG Lecture 2 Non-finite verb (infinitive, -ing / -ed participles) Lecture 3 Subject-verb concord Lecture 4 Determiners Lecture 5 Tense, aspect, voice and mood Lecture 6 Relative clause Lecture 7 Cohesion and coherence Lecture 8 Sentence patterns (It-pattern, coordination/ subordination, conditional sentence, postponement/ fronting/ inversion, comparison),Lecture 6 Relative Clause,1.,Peer discussion,Comments on Essay 3 Passage correction,1. Definition of Relative Clause,A relative clause is a clause that is introduced by a relative word by a relative pronoun or by a relative determiner or by a relative adverb I shall never forget the day when I entered the university.,antecedent,Relative clause,by a relative pronoun,examples,He is a man who / that means what he says. People whose dog bite other people should keep them tied up. The few points ( which / that ) the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.,by a relative adverb,Examples,In the years when (that / in which ) food was not enough many people were starved to death. The next day John went with me to the railway station, where I bought a ticket for Beijing. That is the reason why (that / for which ) I am not in favor of the plan.,2. Only “that” in use, not “which, who, whom”,Much that I learned in the book is very useful. Professor Li has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.,Antecedent: all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few,2. Only “that” in use, not “which, who, whom”,This is most interesting film that has been produced in recent years. The first thing I am going to do is to write to my parents.,ordinal numeral / superlative degree + Antecedent,2. Only “that” in use, not “which, who, whom”,This is the very book that I have been looking for. There is no person that doesnt make mistakes.,no / every / some / only / very / much + Antecedent,2. Only “that” in use, not “which, who, whom”,They are talking about the teachers and schools that they had visited. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.,Two antecedents (sb. + sth. / animal),2. Only “that” in use, not “which, who, whom”,I know the difference (that) there is between you. The number of mistakes (that) there are in this homework is simply surprising.,antecedent + (that) there be,3. Relative pronoun: but,There is no rule but has some exceptions. There are very few but admire his talent.,but = that (which / who) not; 用于no 后,4. Relative pronoun: than,You spent more money than was intended to be spent. He spends more money than he earns. The earth revolves a little more rapidly than it is closer to the sun.,than = comparative adj. + antecedent,5. Relative adverb,This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. The first time (that) I entered the college was in 1988.,ordinal numeral / last + time + (that) time + that / when,6. Relative pron.,We admire the way he solved the problem. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.,the way + that / in which,7. Restrictive / non-restrictive relative clause,The authors who (whom / that ) he mentioned are well-known. He is the man who has strong personality.,restrictive relative clause,7. Restrictive / non-restrictive relative clause,The clock, which my great-grandfather bought, is still in good order. He is going to the golf course, where he intends to put in some practice.,non-restrictive relative clause,8. The same as / suchas/ asas/ soas,I lend you such books as will interest you. She knew he felt just the same as she did. Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.,Relative adverb: as,8. As / which,As: 1）代替主句整个或部分内容；2)引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾；3）当as在其引导的从句中充当主语时，其位于动词通常是be或其他系动词以及被动语态，此时若as引导的定语从句不在句首，as 和which可互换。,Which：引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首；,9. prep. + relative pron.,This is the largest clock in the world, of which the minute hand / the minute hand of which is six meters long. These are the conditions (which / that ) he cant put up with.,At the scene there were two cigarettes left, one of which was stained with lipstick.,10. Double relative clause,Referring to a postmodifier composed of two relative clauses that share one and the same antecedent. The two clauses may be on the same rank of structure and are connected by a coordinator. You will easily find us; just look for a house whose windows need washing and whose fence needs repairing.,10. Double relative clause,Two clauses may also be placed on different levels. She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar. (Here the first relative clause modifies “the only girl”, while the second relative clause modifies “the only girl I know”),11. Embedded relative clause,It is a clause that functions both as the postmodifier of a noun phrase in the main clause and as the object of another inserted clause, i.e., the relative clause is embedded in another clause.,She has an adopted child who she says was an orphan. (Here the who-clause is at once the postmodifier of “an adopted child” and the object of “she says”),1) Ex. 33A-33D 2)Preview Determiners Lecture 8 Sentence patterns (It-pattern, coordination/ subordination, conditional sentence, postponement/ fronting/ inversion, comparison),Assignments,To be continued.,
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