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宾语从句宾语从句知识精讲一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：We all expect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。（动宾）We are talking about whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。（介宾）二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连接代词和连接副词，用法如下表：连接词连接词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略。He said that it was a good present.他说这是一份好礼物。what, which,who, whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定成分，可作主语，宾语，定语等I dont know what you are talking about.我不知道你在说什么。He wanted to know whose box it was.他想知道这个箱子是谁的。when, where,why, how等连接副词在从句中作状语，如时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等。Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？People never know how he did that.人们从来也不知道他是如何做到的。if/whether宾语从句中意思都是“是否”，不作成分，但不能省略。He asked me if it would rain tomorrow.他问我明天是否会下雨。二、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：I only knew he was studying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我，Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to deal with smog.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施处理雾霾。3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound last week.上周老师告诉我们说光比声音传播快。三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：Is it a good idea? Do you think so?=Do you think (that) it is a good idea?四、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party. ()I think he wont come to my party. ()我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?五、宾语从句的简化1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.=My friend hopes to receive a birthday present.我的朋友希望收到一份生日礼物。2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesnt know what she should say next.=She doesnt know what to say next.她不知道该说些什么。三点剖析一、重难点：宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键。二、易错点：1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用whether1). if和whether在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用if，如：They are talking about whether she will come tonight.他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。2). whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以，如：They dont know whether she will come or not.他们不知道她会不会来。3). 在不定式前只能用whether，如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。4). 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if，如：They are wondering if she can come. ()They are wondering whether she can come. ()注：if只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。2. 宾语从句中不可省略的thatthat引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that可省略，其余连词后的that必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and that it will take a while to solve them.他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。题模精选题模一：关系词选择例 -Its said that the new highway has been completed.-Yes, but we dont know _ its to be opened to traffic soon.A whichB whenC whetherD since例 -Its so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?-But I dont know _ I can do it if not now.A whyB whenC howD where例 选择恰当关系词填空1. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)2. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why)题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态例 句型转换1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.例 Can you tell me _ to London? Sure. Next month. A when you will travel B when will you travel C when you travelled D when did you travel 例 What did the teacher say to you just now?She asked _.A where did I learn JapaneseB where I learned JapaneseC where do I learn JapaneseD where I learn Japanese随堂练习随练1.1 选择恰当关系词填空1. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）2. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）3. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 4. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)5. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)6. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)7. I really dont know _ he bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）随练1.2 Could you say it again? I cant understand _ you are talking about.A howB whenC whatD which随练1.3 Well plant trees tomorrow, and I dont know _ Tom will come and join us.A ifB whatC whichD where随练1.4 What did Mike say? He said _.A if you are free the next weekB what color was itC the weather is fineD summer comes after spring随练1.5 Tom asked my friend _.A where was he fromB that the earth is bigger than the moonC when did he come backD not to be so angry随练1.6 She told me the sun _ in the east.A riseB roseC risesD had risen自我总结课后作业作业1 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A whatB ifC whenD where作业2 -What did the teacher say just now?-He said that the earth _ round the sun.A goB goesC goingD will go作业3 句型转换1. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.2. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _.5. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.作业4 I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I dont know _ he will arrive.A whereB whyC howD when作业5 Let me tell you _.A how much is the carB how much does the car costC how much did I pay for the carD how much I spent on the car作业6 Peter knew _.A whether he has finished reading the bookB why the boy had so many questionsC there were 12 months in a yearD when they will leave for Paris答案解析宾语从句题模精选题模一：关系词选择例【答案】C【解析】 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意，我们并不知道是否会很快通车，根据soon排除B选项，whether更符合语境，故选C。例【答案】B【解析】 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意“太晚了，为什么不明天写这份报告呢？但是我不知道如果现在会写还能什么时候写。”在讨论写报告的时间，故选B。例【答案】 1. who2. why【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词。根据句意：你知道今天还有谁会值日吗？所以应该用表示“谁”的关系词，又宾语从句中缺少主语，所以用who。2. 考查宾语从句关系词。根据句意：吉姆告诉我他昨天下午为什么没有去钓鱼。how表示方式，明显不符语境，所以选why。题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态例【答案】 1. that; were2. whether; was【解析】 完成句子1. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态。首先从句为陈述一个事实，所以用that;又主句为过去时，所以从句也要用过去时的一种形式。2. 考查宾语从句关系词和从句时态。根据原句，改成的句子应该为“我不知道这块表是否是上海制造”，所以关系词用whether；又主语是一般现在时，从句随意穿越，被制造已经发生了，所以用过去时。例【答案】A【解析】 考查宾语从句。根据答语Next month可知是将来时，排除C、D项；从句用陈述语序，排除B项，故选A。例【答案】B【解析】 考查宾语从句的陈述语序以及时态。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】 1. that2. how3. whether4. what5. why6. what7. how soon【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。关系词选择主要看从句的成分和意思，从句时一句完整的话，且不有不确定性，所以填that。2. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句是完整句子，再根据句意：他总在思考他如何能够做得更好。所以填how。3. 考查宾语从句关系词区分。宾语从句中whether和if都是是否的意思，但在介词后只能用whether，所以填whether。4. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句中缺少宾语，即看到的内容，故填what。5. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意：我不知道为什么那么多人看着他。所以填why。6. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意，你知道你学习是为了什么吗？从句缺少for的宾语，即为什么而学，故填what，另外why=what for。7. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意：我真的不知道这座桥多久会竣工。how long就是问多长时间，特指时间段，how soon则表示多久之后，所以填how soon。随练1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查宾语从句关系词选择。首先看从句，缺少about的宾语，排除AB；又从句没有问一个范围中哪一个，而是问谈论的内容，故选C。随练1.3【答案】A【解析】 考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句完整，排除BD；又从句为不确定的一件事，故选A。随练1.4【答案】D【解析】 考查宾语从句时态和语序。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B；又主句用的said，从句也应该用一般过去时，排除AC；又D选项是自然现象，不受从句时态规则限制，故选D。随练1.5【答案】D【解析】 考查宾语从句时态和语序。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；又主句用的ask，若跟从句应该是个不确定因素，所以B选项that引导不合理，故选D。随练1.6【答案】C【解析】 考查宾语从句时态。主句是过去时，从句本应也要对应相应时态，但从句是自然现象，用一般现在时，故选C。作业1【答案】B【解析】 考查宾语从句关系词选择。从句不缺成分，排除A；再根据句意，应该是不知道是否通过考试合理，故选B。作业2【答案】B【解析】 考查宾语从句时态。从句式客观事实或真理，永远用一般现在时，故选B。作业3【答案】 1. that; travels2. whether; would be3. whether they can speak French4. whether he had finished his【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择和时态。从句为陈述事实，所以用that；又从句为自然现象，用一般现在时，三单加s。2. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态。主句为didnt know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又从句时态要和主句保持一致，用过去将来时。3. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序。主句为want to know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又主句一般现在时，从句时态随意使用，这句问的是现状，用一般现在时既可；最后，要用陈述语序。4. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序。根据句意，应该是问是否完成了作业，所以用whether；又主句为过去时，那么从句对应过去完成时；语序用陈述语序。作业4【答案】D【解析】 考查宾语从句关系词选择。根据句意可知，见面的地点已经确定在飞机场，但不知道什么时候到，所以说时间最合理，故选D。作业5【答案】D【解析】 考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述语序，直接排除ABC；主句一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，故选D。作业6【答案】B【解析】 考查宾语从句时态和语序。主句过去时，从句用过去某种时态，排除AD；C选项为客观事实，要用一般现在时，故选B。
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