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WelcomeUnit 8 Brave it OutGrammar句子的种类句子的种类Categories of Sentences1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentences)v用来说明事实或说话人的看法。I go to school by bike every day.我每天骑自行车上学。They are having an English class now.他们现在正在上英语课。She doesnt like playing basketball.她不喜欢打篮球。陈述句的否定形式：1)凡陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词 be,have/has 或情态动词或情态动词can,may,must,will,shall等等时，其否定式只需在它们后面加not即可。如：TomcanspeakEnglish.(肯定句)汤姆会讲英语。TomcannotspeakEnglish.(否定句)汤姆不会讲英语。2)如果陈述句中的谓语动词只是行为动词,而没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定式要在行为动词前加do not或第三人称单数加does not；动词是过去时，在动词前加did not；后面的谓语动词用动词原形。如：They went to school by bike yesterday.(肯定句)他们昨天骑车上学。They did not go to school by bike yesterday.(否定句)他们昨天没骑车上学。She studies very hard.(肯定句)她非常努力学习。She does not study very hard.(否定句)她学习不很努力。下列句子改为否定句：v1.Hedoessomereadingeveryday.vHe_readingeveryday.v2.Ihavetowashthedishes.vI_washthedishes.v3.Tellhimthenews.v_himthenews.v4.Shehasbrothersandsisters.vShe_brothers_sisters.v5.Ithinksheisright.vI_she_right.doesntdoanydonthavetoDonttelldoesnthaveordontthinkis2.疑问句疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)v有四种形式：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。句和反意疑问句。Does she like music?（一般疑问句）她喜欢音乐吗？How much is the T-shirt?（特殊疑问句）这件T-恤衫多少钱？You are in Class 2,arent you?（反意疑问句）你在二班，不是吗？Is your pen friend a boy or a girl?（选择疑问句）你的笔友是男孩还是女孩？v以情态动词、助动词或系动词情态动词、助动词或系动词be开头开头的疑问句。一般疑问句需以Yes或或No回答。如：-Does she like music?她喜欢音乐吗？-Yes,she does.是的，她喜欢。-Is there a map on the wall?墙上有地图吗？-No,there isnt.不，没有。1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句(General Questions)：v-Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天上学了吗？-Yes,I did.是的，我去了。一般疑问句的答语有时可用Certainly,Ofcourse,Sure等回答,如：-May I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗？-Certainly.当然可以。下列句子改为一般疑问句：v1.Thereissomefruitjuiceintheglass.v_fruitjuiceintheglass?v2.Hehastostayhere.v_he_tostaythere?v3.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.v_you_eyeexerciseseveryday?v4.Shehassomethingtoeat.v_she_toeat?v5.Iamgoodatsinginganddancing.v_yougoodatsinging_dancing?IsthereanyDoeshaveDodoDoeshaveanythingAreor2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(Special Questions)v是以疑问词开始的疑问句。常用的疑问词有：who/whom(谁谁),whose(谁的谁的),what(什么什么),which(哪哪个，那些个，那些),when/what time(什么时间什么时间),where(什么地方什么地方),why(为什么为什么),how(如何如何),How many/much(多少多少)等等。等等。特殊疑问句由“疑问词加一般疑问句”构成。对主语提问时，语序与陈述句相同。特殊疑问句要根据问句的内容如实回答，不再用yes或no。如：-Who is the man over there?那边那个人是谁？-He is our English teacher.他是我们英语老师。-Why are you late for school today?你今天为什么上学迟到？-I miss the early bus.我没赶上早班公交车。-Whose coat is this?这是谁的外衣？-Its Toms.这是汤姆的对划线部分提问v1.Mymothergoestoworkbybike.v_yourmother_towork?v2.ThatisamapofFrance.v_mapisthat?v3.IthinkChinesefoodisverynice.v_doyou_Chinesefood?v4.Thestudentsliketheirteacherverymuch.v_dothestudents_theirteacher?v5.Hisuncleisabusinessman.v_hisuncle_?HowdoesgoWhatHowthinkofHowlikeWhatdoesdov6.ItsSundaytoday.v_isittoday?v7.Therearesixkitesinthesky.v_inthesky?v8.HelivesinRoom306.v_he_in?v9.Shelooksworriedbecauseshecantfindherdog.v_she_worried?v10.Ittakeshimhalfanhourtowritethee-mail.v_it_himtowritethee-mail?WhatdayHowmanykitesarethereWhichroomdoesliveWhydoeslookHowlongdoestake3）选择疑问句）选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)v提出两种或多种情况，要求对方选择一种。结构是“一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+省略的一般疑问省略的一般疑问句句”，或用疑问词，或用疑问词which,whose等等提问。回答时须选择其中一种情况回答，不能用yes或no回答。如：-Is this a basketball or a football?这是篮球还是足球？-Its a basketball.这是篮球。-Which is your bag,the blue one or the yellow one?哪个是你的书包，蓝的还是黄的？-The blue one.蓝色的。将下列句子翻译成英语v你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球？vv你准备乘火车还是乘汽车？vv你想要什么。咖啡还是茶？vv你有几只笔，一支还是两支？vDoyoulikeplayingfootballorbasketball?Willyougotherebybusorbytrain?Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?Howmanypensdoyouhave,oneortwo?4）反意疑问句）反意疑问句(Disjunctive Questions)v表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。反意疑问句由两部分的构成反意疑问句由两部分的构成：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是省略型的简单问句。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分要用否定式；前一部分用否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。即即“前肯后否，前否后肯。前肯后否，前否后肯。”对反意疑问句的回答：不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的，要用yes，事实是否定的，要用no。这和汉语不一样，要特别注意。-You are from Australia,arent you?你来自澳大利亚，不是吗？-No,Im not.Im from Canada.不，不是。我来自加拿大。-She didnt visit her aunt yesterday,did she?她昨天没去看她的阿姨，是吗？-Yes,she did.不，她去了。反义疑问句练习v1.Hehasalotofworktodo,_?v2.UncleWangforgottobringyourbag,_?v3.Itsfinetoday,_?v4.TomwantstogethisTVsetback,_?v5.JackdidntwatchTVlastnight,_?v6.Openthewindows,_?v7.MissGreenisgoingtoworkinLondon,_?v8.LucyhadapartylastSunday,_?doesnt/hasnthedidnthedidntheisntitdoesnthedidhewill/wontyouisntshedidntshe3.祈使句祈使句(Imperative Sentences)v用来表示命令、劝告等。说话的对象是第二人称,“you”常被省略。句末用句号或叹号。1)祈使句的开头用动词原形，如：Sit down,please.请坐。Close the door,please.请关门。2)祈使句的否定式在句首用Dont，有时用Never,如：Dont put the flowers on the table,please.别把花儿放在桌子上。Never do it again.再不要这么做了。祈使句练习v1.Itsanimportantmeeting._(not,be)late.v2._(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.v3._(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_(be)polite.v4._(not,talk)and_(read)aloud.v5._(look)out!Acariscoming.DontbeDontmakeDontspeakbeDonttalkreadLook4.感叹句感叹句(Exclamatory Sentencesv多用how或what引起，来表达强烈的感情。1)“How+形容词或副词形容词或副词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！”How nice the flowers are!这些花儿多好哇！How fast Tom is riding on his bike!汤姆骑车多快呀！2)“What+a(an)+形容词形容词+单数可数名词单数可数名词+主主语语+谓语！谓语！”What a big apple it is!多么大的苹果呀！What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的书呀！v3)“What+形容词形容词+复数名词或不可数名词复数名词或不可数名词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！”What good students they are!他们是多好的学生啊！What bad news it is!多么糟糕的消息呀。4)在口语中，有时主语、谓语都省略，有时只用在口语中，有时主语、谓语都省略，有时只用一个词或短语，有时省略副词和形容词。一个词或短语，有时省略副词和形容词。如：What a heavy bag!口袋真重！How nice!多好啊！Cool!真酷！How they work!他们真能干！感叹句练习v_deliciousthedishis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatav_strangeclothesheiswearing!vA.WhataB.WhatC.Howav_interestingsubjectitis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatanv_foggyitwasyesterday!vA.WhatB.WhataC.Howv_carelessboyyouare!vA.HowB.WhataC.WhatBBCCB
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