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,Grammar,专题十二代词,PART 1,高频考点清单,PART 2,重温高考真题,PART 3,热考点集训,PART 1,高频考点清单,代词的核心考点,代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。 1.人称代词 (1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下四种情况: 作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。 Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing.,句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。 The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格,故用he替代) They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格,故用her替代) 作表语的人称代词一般用宾格,但在强调句型中,被强调部分代词的格不变。 I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital. 在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别: I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him,too.,(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则: 在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。 You,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. 2.物主代词 (1)注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。 (2)ones own.of ones own句式的转换。 (3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。 take sb. by the arm,be wounded in the leg,3.反身代词 (1)反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。 (2)反身代词和某些动词连用,构成固定短语。 devote oneself to致力于 dress oneself自己穿衣 enjoy oneself过得快活 feel oneself觉得正常 (3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。 for oneself为自己;独立地,of oneself自然地;自动地,by oneself独自地,in oneself本身,4.相互代词(each other,one another) 相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others,one anothers,作定语。 一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。 5.指示代词(this,that,these,those,such,same) 指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。 (1)指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。,this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。 This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school. this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt e.,为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍,that用于询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,意思相当于副词so。 Can hard work change a person that much? (2)such和same的用法。 such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语和定语。 Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.,same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the。 The same can be said of the other article. Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.,题组训练1 选词填空 1. Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. What do you think of over there? 2.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city. 3.He is the person that I met three days ago. 4. is Jack,a hard-working student. 5.The cars made this year are better than made last year.,that,that,查看答案,same,Such,those,those,that,such,same,6.疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose) 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 (1)who/what 询问姓名或关系。 Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry. 询问职业或地位。 What is he? He is a lawyer/teacher.,what/who 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复数。 What is/are on the table? Who is/are in the library? (2)which与who,what which表示在一定范围内,而who,what则无此限制。 I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?,7.连接代词和关系代词 连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who,whom,whose,what,which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分,由连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that。 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who,whom,whose,which,that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。,8.不定代词 不定代词主要有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no等。还有由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every,no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别: (1)some与any 一般用法:some,any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。,特殊用法: any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。 Any child can do that.(定语) You may take any of them.(宾语) some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。 Smith went to some place in England.(定语) 在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。 Would you like some bananas?(邀请) Mum,could you give me some money?(请求),some 用于否定句表示部分否定。 I dont know some of the students.(宾语) some和any还有副词的词性,在句中可作状语。some意为“大约”,相当于about;而any则表示程度,意为“稍微,丝毫”。 There are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today? (2)one,both,all one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是ones,反身代词是oneself。 One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语) This is not the one I want.(表语),one,ones可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复。one,ones前面分别可以用this,that,these,those或the,which等词修饰。 These books are more interesting than those ones. Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil case? both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。,注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。 Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。 Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是教师。 both不能放在the,these,those,my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。如:Both my parents like this film. Both the/these boys are tall.,all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用;除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用;与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。 注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定用none。 Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.) 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。 None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。,题组训练2 同义句改写 1.Both of the men arent doctors. are doctors. 2.Not all of them passed the exam. the exam.,查看答案,Not both of them,All of them didnt pass,(3)many和much many和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。 (4)few,little,a few,a little few和little表示“没有多少”,含否定意义;而a few 和a little表示“有一些,有几个”,含肯定意义。另外,few,a few 修饰可数名词;little,a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。,(5)no和none nonot any,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语。none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。 注意:none既可以指人又可以指物;no one只能指人。 (6)each和every each(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every(每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。,Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调各个个体) Each of them has been there.(主语) The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(宾语) We each got a ticket.(同位语) (7)either和neither either是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词;neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句中作主语、宾语或定语。 Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语) Neither boy knows French.(定语),注意:either用作副词,意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。He doesnt like tea,and I dont either.(状语)either与or连用构成连词,意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese.neither用作副词,意为“也不”,即“not.either”。He cant do it,neither can I.neither可与nor连用构成连词,意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.,(8)the other和another,the others 和others the other表示“两者中的另一个”;the other复数可数名词及the others表示“其他的全部人或物”。others及other复数名词泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 He got two books;one is a textbook,the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red;the others (the other pens) are yellow. Some are singing;others are dancing.,another修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。 This coat is too dark.Please show me another.(宾语) Please give me another book.(定语) 注意:another修饰复数名词时,意为“再,又”。 Please give me another ten minutes.Please give me ten more minutes.,题组训练3 选词填空 1.We need five chairs. 2.I have two pens.One is black; is red. 3.Three students are in the classroom; are on the playground. 4.Some are reading; are writing.,others,the other(s),another,查看答案,another,theother,theothers,others,PART 2,重温高考真题,1.In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.(2016浙江,3) A.that B.this C.one D.it,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的并没有很大的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。this这个;one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个;it指代上文提到过的同一事物。根据语境可知应选A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,2.To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .(2015陕西,13) A.another B.the other C.other D.either,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示“两者中的一个另一个”用one.the other.。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,3.The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建,21) A.all B.none C.either D.neither,答案,解析,解析句意为:这个研究组发布了以这个调查为基础的两个报道,但是都没有有用的建议。根据题干中的two reports和but可知,此处表示“两者都不”,所以用neither。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,4.Niki is always full of ideas,butis useful to my knowledge. (2015四川,10) A.nothing B.no one C.neither D.none,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:Niki总是有很多想法,但是据我所知,没有一个想法有用。nothing什么都没有,没有东西;no one指人,故选项B错误; neither两者都不,语意不符; none可指人也可指物,故此题选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,5.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? (2015浙江,12) A.them B.one C.those D.it,答案,解析,解析考查代词辨析。句意为:如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了,你会怎么想?固定表达how would you like it if.,在此结构中it代替后面if从句的内容。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,6.When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day.(2014江西,32) A.Any B.None C.Neither D.Either,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:我什么时候打电话过来,早晨还是下午?都可以,我一直都在。根据句意可知是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。A、B两项通常都表示三者或三者以上的情况; neither表示两者都不;either表两者中选择其一。故D项符合题意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,7.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2014浙江,3) A.each B.it C.this D.one,答案,解析,解析考查替代词。句意为:去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米,使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。由语境可知,空格处替代前面提到的last year,为同名同物的指代,用it。each每一;this这个;one一个,泛指“同类当中的一个”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,8.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks.(2014福建,21) A.another B.others C.both D.all,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,然而在另一些国家,人们用刀子和叉子。some.others.是固定用法,意为“一些另一些”,故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,9.You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. (2014安徽,24) A.One B.No one C.Everyone D.Someone,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。由前半句设置的情景可知,后半句空中应为everyone。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,10.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. (2014山东,4) A.that B.this C.it D.her,答案,解析,解析考查代词。根据句意和句子结构可知从句“她想为自己创造新生活”是make的真正宾语。故空格处应填入形式宾语it。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,11.A smile costs ,but gives much.(2014重庆,1) A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:微笑是无需付出任何成本的,但是却给予很多。cost nothing意为“无需付出”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,12.Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.(2013浙江,11) A.these B.some C.ones D.those,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:在十六个国家的那些被调查者中,有一半人说他们会首先到最好的朋友那里诉说自己内心深处的愿望和恐惧。thosethe ones在句中充当定语的先行词;these只能作指示代词;不可作先行词;some是泛指,无法接定语;因为有half of在前面,后面一定接含有the概念的代词,所以C项也不对。 故答案为D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,13.Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont likeof them very much.(2013山东,21) A.either B.any C.each D.another,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但这两个城市我都不是非常喜欢。根据前一个分句中New York和Chicago可知作者提到的是两个城市,空格处的内容也应该和“两个”有关,可选A项。any和another都与三者或三者以上有关,each意为“每个”,指的是一个群体中的每个,与句意不符,故都可排除。not.eitherneither,意为“两者都不”。故本题正确答案是A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,14.Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is . (2013重庆,31) A.another B.the other C.one another D.one,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:回收利用是保护环境的一种方法,重复利用是另外一种方法。the other是两者之中的另一;another是三者或三者以上之中的另一。保护环境的方法有很多,故不能选B项;one another意为“互相”,不合题意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,15.At our factory there are a few machines similar todescribed in this magazine.(2013天津,12) A.them B.these C.those D.ones,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,答案,解析,解析考查代词。句意为:在我们工厂有一些机器与这本杂志上描述的相似。those指代前面提到的复数名词machines。,PART 3,热考点集训,1.The group made clear that they were strongly against mistreating an animal.(2017灌南高级中学检测,33) A.this B.that C.it D.one,答案,解析,解析句意为:该团体已经明确表示他们强烈反对虐待动物。make itadj.that从句,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that引导的宾语从句。故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2.Of all the clues they provided, is of any help for solving the case of robbery.(2017南京师大附属实验学校期中,33) A.nothing B.neither C.none D.no one,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,解析句意为:在他们提供的所有线索中,没有一个是对此抢劫案的解决有帮助的。nonenone of all the clues they provided。nothing没有什么;neither两者都不;none(三者以上)都不;no one没有人。故选C项。,3.Shall we meet and discuss the problem at 9 am? Im afraid I will be busy at that time.Lets make it time. (2017南菁高中自主招生试题,5) A.others B.the other C.another D.other,答案,解析,解析句意为:上午9点我们见面讨论这个问题好吗?恐怕那时我很忙。咱们另约个时间吧。another指众多事物中的“另一个”,符合句意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,4.Come off it!Oversleeping is as lame an excuse as other. A.one B.each C.some D.any,答案,解析,解析句意为:别胡扯了,睡过头像其他任何借口一样蹩脚。one other另一个;each other互相,彼此;some other其他一些;any other任何其他。根据句意,故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,5.The admission requirements for Zhenhua High School are about the same as for many other countries.(2018如东中学高三上期中,26) A.that B.those C.ones D.one,答案,解析,解析考查替代。句意为:振华中学的入学要求和许多其他国家的一样。此处用those替代前面的The admission requirements。故选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,6.What do you think of Stephen Hawking? Well,despite his disability,he was a man of scientific nature, worthy of admiration.(2018苏锡常镇四市二调,21) A.one B.who C.that D.this,答案,解析,解析句意为:你如何看待斯蒂芬霍金?这个嘛,尽管他身体残疾,但他是一个有科学特质的人,一个值得钦佩的人。one在本句中作a man of scientific nature的同位语。若选that或者who则要构成定语从句,而空后缺少谓语,故不能构成定语从句,可排除B、C两项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,7.What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles(涂鸦)?If your flower,for example,has a large circular center, expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life. A.which B.asC.this D.such,答案,解析,解析句意为:信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理?例如,如果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心,这表明你充满自信,社交生活愉快。if引导条件状语从句,因此“ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life”是主句,无须连词,which和as是连词,故A、B不正确; this指代上文提到的事情;such表示“诸如此类的人或事”。根据语境,故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,8.The pany and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market. A.it B.which C.that D.what,答案,解析,解析句中的it代指the pany,it brought about为定语从句,先行词the effect作brought about的宾语,故其后省略了关系词which或that。句意为:这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们在市场上的业务有很大的好处。故选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9.Though Im not making near as much money as I did when I was employed full time,I have more time to acpany the family. (2017海安高级中学检测,21) A.anything B.everything C.anywhere D.everywhere,答案,解析,解析句意为:虽然我远没有做全职工作时挣的钱那样多,但我有更多的时间陪伴家人。固定搭配:not anywhere near (nowhere near)远不如;远不像。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10.A responsible teacher must see to that every one of his students develops his full potential.(2017苏州调研,17) A.all B.them C./ D.it,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,解析句意为:一个负责任的老师必须确保他的每一个学生都能发挥他的全部潜能。固定短语:see to it that.,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是that从句。,
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