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国内外标准大全豆丁网国内外标准下载地址 BRITISH STANDARDGrout for prestressing tendons Test methodsThe European Standard EN 445 : 1996 has the status of aBritish StandardICS 91.100.10 ; 91.100.30| BS EN445 : 1997| Incorporating| Amendment No. 1|Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI|NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 445 : 1997 Issue 2, December 1997Committees responsible for thisBritish StandardThe preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete, upon which the following bodies were represented:Association of Consulting EngineersBritish Cement AssociationBritish Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Concrete SocietyDepartment of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Construction Sponsorship Directorate) Department of Transport (Highways Agency)Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Steel Reinforcement CommissionThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on15 November 1997Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBSI 1997The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/525/2Draft for comment 91/10645 DCISBN 0 580 28311 9Amd. No.DateText affected9876December1997Indicated by a sideline in the marginAmendments issued since publicationLicensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIIssue 2, December 1997BS EN 445 : 1997National forewordThis British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/2 and is the English language version of EN 445 : 1996 Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).EN 445 was produced as a result of European discussions in which the UK took an active part. The UK voted against this standard at the CEN Formal Vote stage because UK industry considered the standard to be insufficient in providing suitable specification requirements for grouting materials and procedures, particularly for highway bridges.The UK conducted significant development work and subsequently published Concrete Society Technical Report No. 47 Durable Bonded Post Tensioned Concrete Bridges, prepared by a Concrete Society Working Party in collaboration with the Concrete Bridge Development Group (September 1996), to which reference may be made.At the CEN Formal Vote stage, however, the analysis of voting resulted in a positive vote and in accordance with CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 2 : Common rules for standards work EN 445 was accepted as a European Standard.Cross-referencePublication referred to Corresponding British StandardEN 196-1 : 1994BS EN 196-1 : 1995 Determination of strengthTextual errorThe textual error set out below was discovered when adopting the text of theEuropean Standard. It has been reported to CEN in a proposal to amend the text of theEuropean Standard.Figure 2 in the published EN version is not correct. In the national annex NA (informative) of this BS EN an updated version of the figure is given until such time as the EN is amended.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.|BSI 1997iblankiiLicensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDEN 445NORME EUROPE ENNEEUROPA ISCHE NORMMarch 1996ICS 91.100.30Descriptors: Cables, ropes, prestressed concrete, grouting, viscosity, testsEnglish versionGrout for prestressing tendons Test methodsCoulis pour ca ble de pre contrainte Me thode dessaisEinpremo rtel fu r Spannglieder Pru fverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-28. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.CENEuropean Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r NormungCentral Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 BrusselsLicensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members.Ref. No. EN 445 : 1996 EPage 7EN 445 : 1996Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIForewordPage3.4Volume change test63.4.1Principle of test63.4.2Cylinder method63.4.2.1Apparatus63.4.2.2Procedure63.4.2.3Reporting of results63.4.3Can method63.4.3.1Apparatus63.4.3.2Procedure63.4.3.3Reporting of results63.5Compression strength test63.5.1Prisms63.5.1.1Principle of the test63.5.1.2Apparatus73.5.1.3Procedure73.5.1.3.1Moulding of the test specimens73.5.1.3.2Curing of test specimens83.5.1.3.3Compression test83.5.1.4Reporting of results83.5.2Cylinders83.5.2.1Principle83.5.2.2Apparatus83.5.2.3Procedure83.5.2.4Reporting of results8This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete Performance, production, placing and compliance criteria, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest bySeptember 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1996.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.ContentsPageForeword20Introduction31Scope32Normative references33Testing of grout33.1General conditions33.2Fluidity test33.2.1Immersion method33.2.1.1Principle of test33.2.1.2Apparatus33.2.1.3Calibration procedure33.2.1.4Test procedure33.2.1.5Reporting the results53.2.2Cone method53.2.2.1Principle of test53.2.2.2Apparatus53.2.2.3Test procedure53.2.2.4Reporting of results53.3Bleeding test53.3.1Principle of test53.3.2Apparatus53.3.3Procedure53.3.4Reporting of results6BSI 1997Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI0 IntroductionIn post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction,the grouting of tendons is an important operation. This European Standard provides methods of test for grout specified in EN 447. Some tests given herein are alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the chosen test method to the specified requirements.1 ScopeThis European Standard describes the methods of test for grout specified in EN 447.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.EN 196-1 : 1987 Methods of testing cement Determination of strengthEN 447Grout for prestressing tendons Specification for common groutISO 4012Concrete Determination of compressive strength of test specimens3 Testing of grout3.1 General conditionsThe grouts shall be tested by competent personnel experienced in the subject. The normal conditions of temperature and relative humidity at test shall be as follows: temperature (20 2) C; relative humidity 65 %.These conditions are for the specification of the grout. Variations in temperature and humidity on site may cause variations in the test results and shall be reported.The grout for the tests shall be made from materials specified in clause 4 of EN 447 and mixed in accordance with clause 6 of EN 447. The temperature of the freshly mixed grout is to be given in all test reports.3.2 Fluidity test3.2.1 Immersion method3.2.1.1 Principle of testThe test consists of measuring the time a plunger needs to drop through a defined amount of grout in a tube.3.2.1.2 Apparatusa) Calibrated immersion equipment, according to figure 1.b) A 0,5 m spacer rod, according to figure 1. c) A stopwatch.3.2.1.3 Calibration procedureCalibrate the immersion equipment with glycerol(analytical grade) having a density of 1,226 g/cm3 at(20 0,5) C. The temperature of the room, immersionequipment and glycerol shall be (20 0,5) C during the calibration.Fill the cylinder with about 1,9 l glycerol up to approximately 260 mm below the rim. After filling the immersion equipment the glycerol shall be allowed to rest for about 1 h. Then immerse the plunger to expel the air bubbles from the glycerol, which may have been introduced into the glycerol during the filling of the cylinder.After at least 1 h position the plunger so that its stop on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the tube. Then pull the spacer away to allow the plunger to sink to the stop of the tube. Record this time to the nearest second.Repeat the calibration at least three times.The mean value of all measured immersion times shall be (34 1) s. If the test result deviates from this value the weight of the plunger shall be increased wheret 35 s or reduced where t 33 s. This is done by varying the quantity of the lead pellets in the plunger. Delay repeating the calibration procedure for atleast 30 min to ensure that no air bubbles are in the glycerol resulting from the preceding calibration procedure.3.2.1.4 Test procedurePreparationThe adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be tested before it is used. Adjustment of the immersion equipment shall be tested subsequently once a year and/or after any damage.Directly before the test place the equipment vertically and dampen the inside of the tube and the plunger so that the surface is moist but without free water. ProcedureFill the cylinder with approximately 1,9 l grout up to approximately 260 mm below the rim, so that the plunger is fully immersed on introduction if its stop on the tail rod lies on the spacer placed at the top of the tube. Then pull the spacer away; the plunger sinks to the stop in the tube. Then raise the plunger back to its initial position, insert the spacer, pull it away again and measure the time until the stop lies on the tube. Measure the immersion times of the grout immediately after the mixing process and after 30 min.For the test after 30 min, grout from the same mix as that used for the immersion test immediately after the mixing process shall be used; the grout is to be kept in motion with the stirrer until the carrying out of the test after 30 min. Each test is carried out three times in succession with the same filling.Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1 Stop2 Guide rod3 Wooden rod (as spacer)4 Cu-Zn tube5 Final position of the plunger6 Level7 Wooden rod (as measuring rod)8 White dye9 Guide cam10 Grout level in the starting position of the plunger11 Grout level without plunger ( 1,9 l)Figure 1. Immersion equipment for determining the immersion time3.2.1.5 Reporting of resultsReport the result as the average of the immersion times to the nearest second of the second and third immersion, ignoring the first immersion time.3.2.2 Cone method3.2.2.1 Principle of testThe fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, measured by the time necessary for a stated quantity of grout to pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated conditions.3.2.2.2 ApparatusThe following apparatus is required for the test.a) Cone, a cone of the dimensions given in figure 2. It shall be robust and manufactured from materials not reactive with any materials specified in clause 4 of EN 447. The volume of the cone (excluding the cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shallbe 1,7 l10 %.b) Sieving medium, the sieving medium aperture shall be 1,5 mm and the sieving medium shall be fitted as shown in figure 2, and be removable.c) Stopwatch.Figure 2. Cone for fluidity test3.3 Bleeding test3.3.1 Principle of testDimensions in mmLicensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSId) Container, of 1 l capacity.3.2.2.3 Test procedurePreparationMount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest diameter uppermost. Fix the sieving medium at the position indicated in figure 2. During the test prevent the cone from vibrating. Place the container under the cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but without free water. Close the lower cone orifice.ProcedurePour the grout through the sieving medium to fill the conical section of the cone. Pour the grout sufficiently slowly to prevent the build-up of air in the grout in the cone. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same time, start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken tothe nearest 0,5 s to fill the container. The presence of lumps on the sieving medium shall be reported. Three tests shall be carried out, the first immediately after the grout is mixed and the remaining two tests 30 min after mixing or injection. While testing is in progress the grout shall be kept agitated.3.2.2.4 Reporting of resultsReport the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s. Report also the presence of lumps.Report the result as the average of the times determined to the nearest 0,5 s of the second and third tests, ignoring the results of the first test.The test consists of measuring the quantity of waterremaining on the surface of the grout which has been allowed to stand protected from evaporation.3.3.2 ApparatusA transparent 100 ml cylinder 25 mm in diameterand 250 mm in height graduated in ml. Alternatively, a transparent cylinder 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height graduated in mm.3.3.3 ProcedurePreparationPlace the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or vibration. The grout used should be from the same batch as that used for the fluidity test.Procedure for 25 mm diameter cylinderPour 95 to 100 ml of grout into the cylinder. Note the level of the grout (v) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure the quantity of water on top of the grout (v1), taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test is carried out on one sample of grout.Procedure for 50 mm diameter cylinderPour grout into the cylinder to a height of approximately 150 mm. Note the height to the top of the grout (h) ignoring the meniscus. After 3 h, measure the height of water on top of the grout (h1) taking appropriate measures to prevent evaporation. The test is carried out on one sample of grout.Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI3.3.4 Reporting of resultsBleeding at the end of 3 h is given byv1 3 100 %for 25 mm diameter cylindervandh1 3 100 %for 50 mm diameter cylinderhwhere:v1 is the volume of water in ml on the surface of the grout after 3 hv is the initial volume in ml of grouth1 is the height in mm of water on the surface of the grout after 3 hh is the initial height in mm of grout.The report shall state the temperature at the time of test.3.4 Volume change test3.4.1 Principle of testThe volume change is measured as a percentage of the volume of grout between the start and the end of the test. The test measures mainly the volume change caused by segregation or expansion.The grout used in this test may have been used for the bleeding test (see 3.3).3.4.2 Cylinder method3.4.2.1 ApparatusA transparent cylinder, 50 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height.3.4.2.2 ProcedurePlace the cylinder on a surface free from shocks or vibration. Fill it with the grout to a height h. 24 h after filling the cylinder measure the height (h2) of the grout in the cylinder.3.4.2.3 Reporting of resultsThe volume change at the end of 24 h is given byh2 2 h 3 100 %hwhere:h is the initial height in mm of grout (see 3.4)h2 is the height of grout in mm after 24 h.3.4.3 Can method3.4.3.1 Apparatusa) Three metal cans, 120 mm high andapproximately 100 mm in diameter, with lids capable of preventing the loss of moisture.b) Measuring rod or sliding calipers. c) Plates: stop plate, for placing on the can with a diameter of 120 mm (see figure 3); transparent stop plate, for placing on the grout and having a diameter of 98 mm and weight of 10 g approximately (see figure 4).d) Filling gauge.3.4.3.2 ProcedurePlace the cans on a surface free of vibration and heat radiation and store for 24 h. Immediately after mixing, pour the grout into each can using
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