资源描述
Classification,By Back Stroke,Why do we need to classification?,http:/www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/58.html It is estimated about 30 millions of species in the world. Only 2 millions of them have been formally described. Easy for us to learn all of them,Linnaeus,Invented binomial system. was able to recognise 12, 000 species,Are all the dogs belongs to the same species?,Species,a group of organisms with some similar features, capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.,Liger,Ligers are not able produce offspring,Taxonomy,The study of classification is called Taxonomy,Binomial system,Genus species,1. Capitalize the first letter of the first name,Tips,2. Underline both two names or write them in Latin,3. The first name can be abbreviated into just a capital letter,For example: Human Binomial name: Homo sapiens Homo sapiens H. sapiens,Hierarchy of organisms,KPCOF-GS Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species,界 门 纲 目 科 属 种,KPCOF-GS Kingdoms Phyla Classes Orders Families Genera Species,Singular,plural,Human,5 Kingdoms,1. Animal 2. Plant 3. Fungi 4. Protoctists 5. Prokaryotes-bacteria-have no true nucleus,Eukaryoteshave nucleus,Bacteria-can be found everywhere,Bacteria-in human digestive system,Help to digest some certain food,Bacteria-help cows to break down cellulose,Plants need bacteria,Bacteria in roots help to convert nitrogen into nitrogenous salts which are easy for plants to absorb them,Bacteria are responsible to some diseases,Antiboitics kill bacteria,Bacteria can reproduce very rapidly, sometimes we need to use antibiotics to kill them. Antibiotics-abuse is another problem.,Bacteria,Cell wall,Cytoplasm containing ribosomes,Cell surface membrane,Capsule,Stand of DNA,Flagellum,Bacteria,Often unicellular (single-celled),Have no nucleus,Have cell wall-not cellulose,Saprophytic or parasite,Fungi,Fungi,Yeast,Mushroom,Fungi,1. Multicellular,2. Have nuclei,3. Have cell walls,4. Have no chlorophyll,5. Saprophytic or parasitic nutrition,6. External digestion,7. Made of hyphae 8. Reproduced by forming spores 9. No roots, stem and leaves,plant,Flowering plant Non-flowering plant,Algae,Mosses,Moss,Found in damp shaded area false root ( Rhizoids) No vascular tissues Simple leaves Simple stems,Ferns,Ferns,Found in damp shaded area Have vascular tissues Have rootsReproduced by spores,Gymnosperms,Gymnosperms,Evergreen Needle-shaped leaves Seeds in cones,Examples: Conifers, Pines,Flowering plant,Dicotyledonous plant,Monocotyledonous plant,Flowering plant,Have roots, stems and leaves Have xylem and phloem Reproduced by producing seeds Seeds produced inside ovary,Examples: grass, maize and lily,Dicotyledonous plant,Dicotyledonous plant,Broad leaves Network of branching veins Have 2 cotyledons inside each seed,Monocotyledonous plant,Monocotyledonous plant,strap-shaped leaves Parallel veins Have one cotyledon inside each seed,Phylum Vertebrates,Have a backbone or vertebrates,Class fish,Fish,Vertebrates Scaly skin Have gills Have fin Streamlined body,Class Amphibians,Phylum Amphibians,Vertebrates,Moist & scale-less skin,Egg laid in water,Larva (tadpole) lives in water,Adult often lives on land,Larva has gills,Adult has lungs,In water, adults can use moist skin to breath,Example: Frog and Toad,Class Reptile,Examples: Snake, turtles and tortoises,Class Reptile,Vertebrates,With scaly skin,Lay eggs with rubbery shells,poikilothermic,Class bird,Class bird,Vertebrates with feathers Forelimbs have become wings Lay eggs with hard shells Homeothermic Have a beak,Class Mammals,Class Mammals,Vertebrates with hair Have a placenta Young feed on milk from mammary glands Homeothermic Have a diaphragm Heart has 4 chambers Have different types of teeth Cerebral hemispheres are very well developed,Phylum Arthropods,Several pairs of jointed legs exoskeleton,Crustaceans,Crustaceans,Arthropods with more than 4 pairs of jointed legs Not millipedes or centipedes Breathe through gills,Arachnids,Arachnids,Arthropods with 4 pairs of jointed legs Breathe through gills called books lung,Insects,Insects,Arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs 2 pairs of wings( one or both may be vestigial) Breathe through tracheae,Myriapods,Myriapods,Body consists of many segments Each segment has jointed legs,Phylum Annelids,Phylum Annelids,Made up of ring-like segments,Phylum Molluscs,Phylum Molluscs,Animals with soft, unsegmented bodies May have a shell,Molluscs,Phylum Nematodes,Phylum Nematodes,Animals with long thin unsegmented bodies,Viruses are not true living thing,1.A protein shell 2. A piece of RNA or RNA inside 3. Containing spikes-recognise cell to be infected,Dichotomous key,To identify unknown organisms,Classification game,Guess,Instructions: 1.Write 3-5 questions, let others to guess what kind of organism you have 2. you need to have at least 3 questions related to the organisms characteristics,For Example,1. I am a vertebrate,2. I have wings,3. I have feathers covering my body,4. I am the symbol of peace,5.In ancient time , I worked as postman,Bird-Pigeon,
展开阅读全文