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第二步通览全局，写作分类突破第一讲如何写概要,一、题型特点,读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容一为概括短文大意，以及写作内容二，就某个主题发表看法。“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。,二、写作技巧1.写作步骤,摘要通常要求写30词左右，一般由“主题句支撑句”构成。写作时可按以下步骤进行。(1)寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。,(2)确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定，阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。(3)重构主题句。主题句要能概括全文中心，并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。(4)重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。,2.概括的形式：“主题句支撑句”即“主题主题的什么”,名师点津写概要时不要照搬原文中的句子，而必须用自己的话来转述。概括可采用总分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的主要内容(这句话举足轻重)，后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以剔除。,【典例示范】请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。,(江苏卷)Whenwereadnewspapers,weofteneacrosssuchEnglishwordsas“AIDS”and“PK.”WhenwewatchTV,wefrequentlyhearwordslike“NBA”or“PM2.5.”Whenwespeak,weautomaticallyusewordslike“OUT”or“Bye-bye.”Englishwordsandexpressionslikethesearegettingpopular.Theyhavealreadybeepartofourdailylanguage.And239EnglishwordshavebeenincludedinthelatestDictionaryofContemporaryChinese.,Theinclusionhasstartedaheateddiscussion.AgroupofscholarssignedaletterofplaintovertheinclusionoftheseEnglishwords,which,theythink,goesagainstChineselanguagepolicies.TheynotonlyworrythatChineseisborrowinganincreasingnumberofEnglishwordsbutarealsoconcernedthattheinclusionmayhurtthedignityoftheChineselanguage.However,othersareinfavoroftheinclusionbecauseitishardtosaywhetheritwillthreatentheChineselanguage.Theybelievetheselectionismostlyaresultoftheirfunctionanduseindailylife.,写作内容1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；(2)用23个理由或论据支撑你的观点。写作要求1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；4.不必写标题。,评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文1Today,moreandmoreEnglishwordsfindtheirwayintotheChineselanguage.EventheDictionaryofContemporaryChineseincludes239Englishwords.Somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.参考范文2WithEnglishwordsgettingpopularinbothmediaanddailylife,aChinesedictionaryhasincluded239ofthem,leavingthepublicdividedintotwoopposinggroups:“For”and“Against.”,能力提升练1阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2018江苏张家港市模拟)JohnwastravelingbyshiptoEuropewhenaterriblestormcame.Agreatleakwasfillingtheshipwithwater.Nomatterhowhardthesailorsandpassengersworkedatthepumps,thewaterwasstillrising.Theshipwassinkingfast.Thereseemedtobenohope.Butthecaptaintoldthemnottogiveuphope.Hesaidthattherewashopesolongastheshipremainedabovewater.Hepromisedthatiftheydidntgiveuphope,hewouldlandthemsafely.Thecaptainspowerfulwillmovedthemall.Intheendhedidlandthemsafely.,Aftertheylanded,Johnfoundthecaptaintoshowhisappreciation.Buttohissurprise,thecaptainsaidtohimthathewastheboyof30yearsagowhoboughtageographybookinhisbookstore.Johnsuddenlythoughtoftheboy.Atthattimetheboydidnthaveenoughmoney,buthehadgonefromshoptoshopandbelievedhecouldgetwhathewanted.Finally,hemadeit.Now,itwasthesamewillpowerofhimthatsavedthelivesofallthepassengers.,参考范文Inthestory,acaptainalwaysinsistedondoingsomething,evenwhenhewasalittleboy.Inonevoyage,itwasjusthiswillpowerthatmadehimsaveallthepassengerslives.,能力提升练2阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2018江苏盐城阜宁一中学情调研)StudentsinChinaspendalotoftimelearningEnglish.Butmostofthemcannotuseittomunicate.Someexpertsthinkthereasonliesinthetestingsystem,becausethecurrentEnglishtestingsysteminChinaputstoomuchpressureonstudentstogethighmarksandpaynoattentiontothedevelopmentoftheiroverall(全面的)languageabilities.Consideringthis,recentlymanyexpertsarecallingforreforms(改革)oftheEnglishlanguagetestingsystemtomakeitmoreeffectivelytodevelopactuallanguageabilities.TheysaychangesarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofthenationalEnglisheducationsystem.,参考范文Recently,thetopicofwhetherEnglishtestsystemshouldbechangedhascausedaheateddiscussion.Manypeoplethinkthecurrenttestingsystempreventsstudentsfromdevelopingoveralllanguageabilitiesandthereforeargueforareform.,能力提升练3阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2018江苏盐城市高三联考)ChenYifan,thestudentfromalocalseniorhighschool,hitaBMWcarparkingalongthestreetwhenhewaspassingbyonabicycleonFebruary4,leavingtherearviewmirrorbrokenandseveralscratchesoverthebodyofthecar.Chenleftaletterofapologytothecarowner,togetherwithanenvelopeof311yuanhehadearnedfrompart-timejobsduringthewinterholiday.Heputthemattheinsideofadoorhandle.,ThecarownersurnamedXuefoundtheletterandcashthenextdayandgotsotouchedbyChenshonesty.WiththehelpoflocalpoliceXuelocatedthestudentonFebruary10inthehopeofreturningthemoney.HetoldthepolicethathealsowantstofundChenseducationifthefamilycannotaffordit.OnFebruary11,Chensmother,afterknowingwhathersonhaddone,voluntarilycontactedXuetryingtopensatefortherepairof13，000yuan.ButXueturnedherdownfirmly.Thenextday,XuesdaughtervisitedChensfamilywithagrantof10，000yuanforhiseducation.,参考范文ChenYifanandhismomdecidedtopayalltheycouldaffordforpensationafterChenaccidentallybumpedintoaparkedBMW.Movedbyhisdeed,thecarownerdeclinedandofferedtosponsorChenseducation.,
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