动词ing用法归类总结

动词ing用法归类总结（好）-标）隹化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII英语动词ing用法归类总结动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带 有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。动词-ing又分为present participle and gerund.1.-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动式和被 动式，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动式。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词 go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词语态 形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gonea. 一般式:V-ing1) .动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。2) .动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。3) .动词V-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的 动作。I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子 邮件。He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。b. 完成式:having done1. 动词V-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓 语动词表示的动作之前。一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的 逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的动词V-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I rally regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)We remembered seeing the film.我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film.)c. V-ing的被动形式being done,表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的 承受者。被动语态-ing 一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而 且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定 语或状语用。-ing完成被动式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.The question being discussed is very important .正在讨论的问题很重要。I cant stand being kept waiting.我不堪久等。The question being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老师批评以后，他把 烟戒了。一注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词（短语）后，作宾语的-ing常用主动 形式来表示被动含义。如：Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗一下 了。This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一看。d. having done的被动形式having been done表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发 生。Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。e. -ing 否定形式：not+ V-ingHis not coming made everyone present very disappointed.他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。2. -ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主语：动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在表达意思上有差 异。动名词作主语时，它已经将动作名词化了，已把某个动作视为某种活动或 是某件事情了，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强， 多指要是去做某事，这种动作往往是要发生的一次性动作,比较具体。例 如：Breathing became difficult at that altitude.在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。 Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character .考试作弊毁坏人的性格。It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it .把它复制三份需要时间。-ing形式作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing 后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again.It怎 no use waiting here.动名词作主语时，也常用”It is .”和There is .”两种句型。It is”的句型常用于说明”某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何”。强调事物的 性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型There is .”往往用于说明”不允许、禁止某种 活动或是某件事情发生或存在”。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：It is no use waiting for him any longer .等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice .学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light .用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters .这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .不能否认这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取 得了飞速的发展。There is no littering about .不许乱扔杂物。注意以下几种结构：1. Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen .=No one can tell what will happen .2. Its no use talking with him .Its no good speaking to them like that .3. Theres some difficulty （ in ） doing 在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换：trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time（2）作表语：动词-ing作表语表示主语所处的状态。动名词作表语主要说明主语是做什么 的、或是怎么回事，动作意义弱，较抽象；而现在分词作表语则主要是表示 主语的性质、特征等；不定式作表语却主要说明或解释主语（要去）做什么 事，它比动名词更为具体，动作意义更强。例如：Her job is washing and cooking.=Washing and cooking is her job.My hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is my hobby.The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.真正的问题是了解人 民的需要。His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.（动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .（动名 词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west .（动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。The situation is very much encouraging .（现在分词）形势非常令人鼓舞。The story is moving .这个故事令人感动。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected.（现在分词）他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。动名词作表语可以与主语交换，而意思不改变，现在分词作表语时则不可以与 主语交换，因为现在分词仍然表动作，所以在它前面仍然可以使用very等副词 修饰，现在分词有令人的意思。注意：动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的状态，特征；进行时态表示正在发生的动作。是比较：His job is teaching English .他的工作是教英语。（说明工作的内容，表语）His job is interesting .他的工作很有趣。（说明工作的特征，表语）He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。（现在进行时）（3）作宾语： 作及物动词的宾语。a. 常见的用动名词作宾语的及物动词：avoid （避免）,admit （承认），allow （允许），cease （停止）,consider （考虑）,deny （抵赖，否认），keep, miss, consider, permit, forbid, appreciate （感激），delay （拖 延）,postpone （推迟）,enjoy （喜欢）,endure （忍受）,escape （逃离）,excuse （原谅）, finish （完成）,imagine （想象）,mind （介意、反对）,miss （错过）,need （需要表被动 时）,want （需要表被动时）require （需要表被动时）,practice （练习）,risk （冒险）, stop （停止做某事）,suggest （建议）,cant help （忍不住）,give up （放弃）,keep on （继续）,leave off （结束、省去）,put off （推迟）be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent.（from）,keep .from, stop.（from）,protect.from, set about, be engaged in, spend.（in）, succeed in, be used to （习惯于），look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like，get down to, lead to, be devoted to , devote oneself to, be dedicated to 等。例如： She likes drawing very much.He managed to escape suffering from the disease .他设法避免患那种疾病。After hearing the funny story , all of us couldnt help laughing ear to ear.听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。Excuse my interrupting you for a while .请原谅我打扰你一会儿。Professor Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the nextchapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening his family当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。The office needs cleaning thoroughly . （ = . to be cleaned thoroughly .）这间办公室需要彻底打扫。The roses in your garden want watering .（ = . to be watered .）你花园里的玫瑰需要浇水。为了方便记忆，现总结一些技巧和口诀：1.通常只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词（或动词短语）：建议抵制享受（suggest， advise； resist； enjoy）考虑承认冒险（consider； admit； risk）避免推迟实践（avoid； delay； practise）期待成功完成（look forward to； succeed in； finish）b. 有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，两种结构在意 义上差别不大。常见的有：attempt （打算）,begin （开始）,cant afford （付不起）, cant bear （无法容忍）,continue （继续）,deserve （值得）,hate （不喜欢）,intend （打 算）,like （喜欢）,love （爱）,neglect （忽略）,prefer （宁愿）,propose （提议）等。例如：Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside （ to stroll outside or to stay inside ）你是想在外面散步，还是想呆在室内I cant afford watching （ to watch ） the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes .这场比赛我是看不完了，因为半小时后我要上班。I like playing （ to play ） chess with you , but not today .我喜欢和你下棋，但不是今天。When did you begin learning （ to learn ） English 你什么时候开始学英文的 Maria intended visiting （ to visit ） her parents last weekend , but she caught by something else .上周末，玛莉娅曾打算去看她的父母亲，但却因其他的事而脱 不开身。C.有些及物动词后也是既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，但是两种 结构在意义上存在一定的差别：在like , love , hate , prefer等词后，若表示强调”某种爱好、一般性的倾向”， 需用动名词作宾语；如指某次将发生的具体行为，则多用不定式作宾语。例 如：She likes dancing more than singing .她喜欢跳舞胜过唱歌。She likes to go dancing with her colleagues this weekend.这个周末她想和同事一块儿去跳舞。_Men often hate going window-shopping .男人通常不爱逛商店。Davis hates to talk about that topic at next meeting .戴维斯不想在下次会议上谈那个话题。She prefers swimming to running .她喜欢游泳而不喜欢跑步。She prefers to go swimming this afternoon .今天下午她要去游泳。在remember,forget, regret后面，接动名词表示”已发生过的动作”；接不定 式表示现在发生或将要发生的动作。例如：I remember having posted the letter today .我记得今天把那封信发出去了。Ill remember to post the letter for you .我会记得帮你将信发出去的。I regret not telling her the truth before she left .我后悔在她离开前告诉她实情。I regret to say I am not prepared well enough for the new post .很遗憾地说，我还没有为新的职位作好充分的准备。在begin , start ,和cease之后，接动名词表示”强调有意识地开始或停止某动 作；不定式则表示自然、突然地发生的动作。例如：She began learning to cook before her marriage .她是婚前开始学烧饭的。It began to snow yesterday .昨天开始下雪了。They started developing the new product in 1999 .1999年他们开始研制那种新产品。No sooner had we arrived home than it started to rain heavily.我们刚一到家就下起大雨来了。He ceased smoking when he got something wrong with his lung .当他的肺部出了毛病时，他停止吸烟了。Electronic games ceased to interested him after he began to work .他参加工作以后，电子游戏不再使他感兴趣了。stop后接动名词表示要停止动名词表示的动作，而后接不定式则表示终止 目前的动作去做不定式表示的动作；try后接动名词表示试着干某事，而后 接不定式则表示尽力干某事。例如：Stop talking please .（终止”讲话”的动作）请不要讲话了。Lets stop to take a break .（开始”休息”的动作）让我们停下来休息一会儿。The boy tried installing his computer and succeed at last .（试着安装”）那个男孩 试着安装他的电脑，最后成功了。Ill try to finish the composition of the book by October .（尽力”完成”）我要尽力在十月以前完成这本书的写作。一try to do something与manage to do something的区别，前者表示尽力去做并不 一定成功，而后者则表示成功了。d.动名词作介词的宾语，并与介词一起构成介词短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语，如：Im looking forward to your coming next time .（作状语）我期待着您下一次的到来。On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals , all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes .（作状 语）当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了 28块金牌时，全中国人民都高兴地欢呼 起来，并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad .（作定语）最简单的广告是分类广告。They are against using so many animals in experiments .（作表语）他们反对用如此多的动物去做试验。另外，在说明动名词的动作状态方面，我们有一般式和完成式。当我们要强 调说明动名词动作发生于谓语动作之前时，多用动名词的完成式；如果无意 具体说明动名词动作发生于什么时候，或是动名词动作与谓语动作是同时 发生时，就只用动名词的一般式。例如：He is fond of watching sports-games .（一般式）他喜欢观看体育竞赛。She likes making herself busy all the day .（一般式）她喜欢使自己终日忙忙碌碌的。The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time .（完成 式）那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。I regret having said some rude words to my brother .（完成式）我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing （完成式）我们不知道他们干过这种事情。当然，上面所将的也并不是绝对的。有些动词后（或成语中），我们也可用动 名词的一般式表示发生于谓语动作之前的动名词动作。例如：I dont remember ever seeing her any time .我不记得曾几何时见过她。He apologized for interrupting us .他因打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。Thank you for offering me so much help .感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。当动名词在句子中的逻辑主语在意义上是动名词动作的宾语时，我们应当用动 名词的被动形式。being +过去分词”是动名词被动式的一般形式；having + been + 是动名词被动式的完成形式。例如：People hate being praised for nothing .人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot .他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。She didnt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。After having been treated in the special way, he could deal with everything around him smoothly .他接受了特殊化的训练后，能顺利地对付他周围的一切。He cant remember having been scolded by his boss for that matter .他不记得老板曾为那件事责备过他。但是在很多情况下，我们常用动名词的一般被动形式；避免使用动名词被动式 的完成形式，因为它会使句子显得累赘。最后，还有一点值得我们注意：want （需要）,need （需要）,deserve （值得）,require （需要）be worth（值得） 等词后，我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。例如：Your car needs filling .你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting .这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。The book is worth reading .这本书值得一读。既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：即“四记心尽力”停止后悔。四“记指“记得、记住（remember）； “忘记（forget）“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on）”；尽力指“try”；“停止“后 悔”指 stop 与 regret。 do+限定词（my, some, any, the 等）+ -ing，表示“做.事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? 作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.； 作形容词 worth, busy 等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.-ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后 置，如：We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，因为多数情况仅限于单个的动名词作定 语。这种情况与单个的现在分词作定语有较大的区别：单个的动名词作定语主 要是说明被修饰词的用途等；而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词 正在做什么。请看下面的比较：swimming pool 游泳池（the pool for swimming）working people 劳动人民（the people who are working）reading material 阅读材料 sleeping child 熟睡孩子walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针opening speech 开幕词 oppressing class 压迫阶级listening aid 助听器 developing countries 发展中国家waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水The sleeping child is only five years old.Do you know the man standing at the gate注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之 前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰 的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词 所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要 使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作宾语补足语：下列动词可接v-ing form作宾语的补足语。a. 感官动词，使役动词：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe , see, watch, have, make可接-ing form作宾语的补足语。如：I heard her singing in the next door当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground.我观看他们在操场上打排 球。Don t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down.不要让客人站在那 里，请他入坐。b. 动词 find, get, keep, leave, send， suggest 可接 v-ing form 作宾语的补足语。如：I found the missing boy playing by the river.我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主 语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep 等。（6）作状语：V-ing form在句子中做状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、 方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果。如：a. 作时间状语Having cleaned the house, she went on to help her mother pick apples.把房子打扫 后，她又继续帮助母亲摘苹果。Having had his breakfast, he began to look for work again,吃过早餐后，他又开始 去寻找工作。Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother.其前一般可力口 when 或 while， 如： When crossing street, you must be careful.b. 作原因状语Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.Not knowing English, they found it very difficult to communicate with the people in America .由于不懂英语，他发现在美国跟人们交流很困难。Not knowing his address, I can t send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我 不能把这本书送给他。Getting up late, he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。c. 作条件状语_ 一Living in a polluted environment, people may fall ill easily.如果生活在受污染的环 境中，人们很容易生病。一一Loving others, you will be loved by others.如果你爱他人，你就会得到他人的爱。d. 作让步状语Being at school or at home, she is a good girl.不管是在学校还是在家，她都是个好 姑娘。Talking or acting, he is very honest.无论是说话还是做事，他都很诚实。e. 作方式状语He went there riding his bike.他骑单车去那里。They make money selling fruits .他们靠卖水果挣钱。f. 作伴随状语He used to sit there thinking.过去他常坐在那里思考。He walked along the river singing in a low voice .他一边沿着河边走一边低声唱着 歌儿。They stood there for half an hour，watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了 半小时，观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。g. 作目的状语。作目的状语的-ing form 一般是表示所从事的活动方面的动词，如：boating, climbing, fishing, hunting, riding, sailing, shopping, shooting, skating, skiing, swimming, walking, washing 等。I often go shopping with mother on Sundays.星期天我常跟妈妈买东西。Will you please go skating with me this afternoon 今天下午跟我去滑冰好吗h. 作程度状语。作程度状语时，常用来修饰形容词或副词。如：He was caught in the heavy rain and got his clothes soaking wet.他淋了一场大雨， 把衣服全部弄湿了。He wore his thin coat in freezing cold days and fell ill soon.他在冰冷的天还穿着单 薄的大衣，不久就病倒了。i. 作结果状语He cut down the trees in front of his house, having its roof blown off by strong wind. 他把房前的树给砍了，结果大风把房顶刮走了。He died, leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt.他死了，留给妻子和 孩子的只有巨大的债负。另外，V-ing 可以和一些介词如 in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy.听到这个消息后，所有的学生 都高兴得跳了起来。作同位语V-ing form作同位语时，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表 示前面名词的内容。如：His idea, helping farmers get in their crops, interested us very much.他那帮助农民 收割庄稼的想法使我们很感兴趣。The goal, making two thousand cars this mouth, excites the workers.本月生产两千 辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。3. -ing形式的复合结构。根据句子意思的需要，有时须在-ing form前加上适当的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主 语与-ing form 一起就构成了-ing form的复合结构。v-ing form的复合结构形式a. 一般说来，v-ing form的复合结构是由形容词性的物主代词或名词的所有格与 v-ing form 构成。如：His ( Li Lei s ) singing / writing / painting attracts many people.他的唱歌 / 写字 / 绘画吸引了很多人。b. 当-ing form的复合结构作宾语时，v-ing form的复合结构也可用人称代词的宾 格或名词的普通格与v-ing form构成。如：The teacher suggested us / our / Li Lei / Li Lei s waiting for Wu Dong at the station. 老师建议我们/李蕾在车站等吴东。Do you mind me / my / Li Lei / Li Lei s reading aloud in the classroom 我 / 李蕾在 教室里大声朗读你介意吗动词be的v-ing形式的复合结构不管是作主语还是作宾语，它的复合结构都必 须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格与v-ing form构成。如(from)：His / The teacher s being there made me very tense.他 / 老师的在那儿使我非常 紧张。c. 在there be / stand / lie / exist结构中，系动词v-ing形式的逻辑主语为：there。而没有主格、宾格之分。I didn t enter the room because of there being too many people in it.由于房间里 有很多人，我没有进去。d.当不定代词all, both, each, few, some, this等作动词一ing形式的逻辑主语时， 就用它们的普通形式。如：All glittering is not gold .闪光的不都是金子。I don t like this being cooked this way.我不喜欢这东西这么煮。V-ing的复合结构的功能：V-ing的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通 格+V-ing构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，在句子中可作句 子的主语、宾语和表语。a. 作主语如：His being ill troubled his parents.他的生病给他的父母亲带来了麻烦。Their coming made us very happy.他们的到来使我们大家很高兴。His coming made us very happy.他的到来使我们大家都很高。b. 作宾语We don t like his coming late.我们不喜欢他迟到。I don t mind him singing at night.我不介意他夜里唱歌。He was awakened by someone s knocking at the door.他被某人的敲门声吵醒 了。c. 作表语What matters most is his acting.关系最大的是他的行为。What surprised us most is his speaking.使我们最吃惊的是他的发言。4. -ing form的一些惯用法在英语实际交际中，还有一些特殊用法或句型。如：(1) There be no doing = It is impossible to do 。如：There is no telling whether he will keep his words .他会不会遵守诺言很难说。(2) How / What about doing=How do you like / What do you think of 如：How about hiking this Sunday本周星期天去远足怎么样(3) on doing=as soon as + clause ,如：On hearing the bad news, the little girl burst out crying. 一听到这一噩耗，小女孩 就大哭了起来。 There be no end to doing 无止境。如：If everyone wants others to dance to his music, there will be no end to fighting in the world.要是大家都要其它的人来按照他的意志做事，那么世界上就永远没有安 宁的日子。(5) without so much as doing = even . not.甚至，连都没有。如：He started his company without so much as having his own office.他创办公司时连 自己的办公室都没有(from ) o(6) lose no time in doing = begin to do at once.立亥。做。如：There are very few days left for NMT, so we can lose no time in revising our lessons.离高考没几天了，我们得抓紧复习我们的功课了。(7) be up on the point of doing =be going to do 即将做。如：We believe our China is on the point of creating a new era.我们相信我们中国即将 开创一个新时代。in (the) hope of doing怀着希望。如：After graduating from university, he went to Shenzhen in the hope of finding a good job.大学毕业以后，他去深圳希望找到一个好的工作。(9) for the purpose of doing =for the sake of 为了。如：He went on studying abroad for the purpose of serving the people better.他继续去 国外深造以便能更好地为人民服务。(10) come near doing=almost do几乎，差一点儿。如：He came near dying in the traffic accident.他在那场车祸中差一点丧了命。5. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示 一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today.6. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一 般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一 般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.7. -ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1) 不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2) 在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在 进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过 程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。8. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、 原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的 或结果状语，如：Not