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题型五阅读理解,选择型阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读短文,获取其中的主要信息,然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。常见的考查方式有以下四种:1.细节理解题这类题目的答案一般都能在文章中直接找到,做题前,可以先浏览一下题目,然后带着问题快速阅读,找出能解决问题的有关信息。但是一定要注意捕捉准确的信息,进行理解分析,去伪存真,否则会陷入题目设下的“陷阱”,受其迷惑而误选干扰项。2.主旨大意题主旨大意题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。我们在做题时一定要注意首句和尾句,因为它们往往是文章的主题句。,3.推理判断题在做推理判断题时,必须从原文中找到推断的依据。这类题要求考生摆脱字面理解的局限,透过文章的字里行间,对作者的话进行推理判断,领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵或哲理,体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音,从而获得对文章的深层理解。4.词义猜测题解答这类题目时,必须认真阅读文章,通过上下文的联系,结合已有的知识猜测其在具体语境中的含义,下面介绍一些猜词的技巧:(1)通过因果关系猜词;(2)通过同义词和反义词关系猜词;(3)通过构词法猜词;(4)通过定义或释义来推测词义;(5)通过句法功能来推测词义;(6)通过描述猜词。,典例(2018安徽)Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?Althoughitmightsoundalittlefarfromyou,livingina“smart”citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.OnesuchplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea“telepresence”system(远程遥控系统)allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators(自动扶梯)willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesystem.,ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.Infact,technologycompaniesaroundtheworldsuchasIBM,SiemensandMicrosoftarealreadyinthebusiness.About75%oftheworldspopulationwillliveincitiesby2050,socitieswillneedtobemoremoderntodealwiththecomingproblems.“Makingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthiswillinturnmakecitiesgreener,”saidDanHill,headofaresearchcompany.,1.Accordingtothetext,livingina“smart”city.A.isnotagreenwayB.willbefarfromyouC.willsoonbecometrueD.iscompletelyimpossible2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Acityofthefuture.B.AmeetinginSongdo.C.Aplantobuildahouse.D.Areportonpublichealth.,3.WhichcompanyoffersthegreatmindtobuildSongdo?A.Cisco.B.IBM.C.Siemens.D.Microsoft.4.DanHillthinksthatmakingcitiessmarterisonewayto.A.drivepeopleoutofcitiesB.controltheworldspopulationC.develophisowncompanyD.solvethecitiescomingproblems5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FutureEducationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies,答案与解析【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。一切都具有“智能化”的新型城市在不久的未来就会变成现实。人们使用远程遥控系统控制各种各样的机器为自己服务,其结果是人们生活更方便,城市更环保。1.C细节理解题。从第一段中的“livinginasmartcitylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink”可知,生活在“智能化”的城市远比你想象的要来得快。也就是说,这种“智能化”的城市不久就会变成现实。故选C项。2.A段落大意题。阅读第二段可知,本段谈论了在未来的Songdo城市,每家每户都有远程遥控系统控制着机器进行运转,教育、卫生健康、政府服务都会纳入该系统。由此可知,本段主要谈论的是未来的城市。故选A项。,3.A细节理解题。从第三段中的“ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.”可知,建立未来城市Songdo的构想是由Cisco公司提出的。故选A项。4.D推理判断题。从最后一段DanHill的话可知,DanHill认为,使得城市变得更加智能化是一种出路,这样可以渐渐使得城市变得更环保。也就是说,智能化的城市肯定能解决当今的各种问题(如污染)从而使得城市更环保。故选D项。5.B主旨大意题。阅读本文可知,文章谈论的就是未来的“智能化”的城市。故选B项。,素养训练提高【1】(2018安徽)Itsacold,greySundayafternooninMarch.TheBritishareallworkingintheirgardens.Theyredigging,cuttingleavesandplantingnewseeds(种子).Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.TheBritishlovetheirgardens.ABritishnewspaperrecentlyaskedpeoplefortheiropinionsaboutthem.Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden,andover50%ofthesedescribedgardeningasthemostenjoyablethingtheyeverdid.OnlyoneintenhousesinBritaindonothaveagarden.Peoplewholiveinhouseswithoutgardensoftenrent(租用)landfromthegovernment.,Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,however,gardeningbecameahobby.Peopleboughtdifferentkindsofseedsandplantsfortheirgardens.Althoughroses,sunflowersandtomatoesareoftengrowninBritishgardens,theyoriginally(起初)grewwildinothercountries.Everyyear,therearecompetitionsforthelargestvegetables,butdontexpecttowin:Britainsbiggestcarrotisalmostsixmetreslong.,1.Insummer,BritishgardensareoftenB.A.fullofpeoplediggingthereB.colorfulwithdifferentplantsC.toohotforpeopletoworkthereD.coveredwithgreyleavesandplants2.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAoftheBritishfeltitimportanttodosomegardening.A.around70%B.over50%C.only20%D.about10%,3.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatD.A.seedswereprovidedforfreeB.roseswerefirstgrowninBritainC.gardeningisahobbyintheworldD.theownerofChatsworthHousewasrich4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentence?BA.Itiseasytogrowbigvegetables.B.Itishardtowinthecompetition.C.Thecarrotismucheasiertogrow.D.Thecarrotishisfavoritevegetable.,【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在英国人们都喜欢在自己家设置一块地用作花园种植各种各样的植物与蔬菜的历史和文化。1.B细节理解题。由第一段中的“Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.”可知,夏天英国人的花园被不同的植物点缀得五颜六色。故选B项。2.A细节理解题。从第二段中的“Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden”可知,大约70%的人认为在花园里花些时间很重要。故选A项。3.D推理判断题。从第四段中的“Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.”可知,当初,仅仅只有非常富有的人才拥有花园。你能看见年岁久远的房子周围都有花园,比如查茨沃斯庄园或者霍华德城堡。由此推知查茨沃斯庄园的主人肯定很富有。故选D项。,4.B推理判断题。从最后一段描述可知,每年在英国都有最大蔬菜的比赛,但人们并不期望能胜出,因为英国最大的萝卜都几乎有六米长。一个萝卜都有那么长,由此可知还有其他更大的蔬菜,因此要想在比赛中获胜是很难的,所以人们对是否胜出也不抱多大希望。故选B项。,【2】(2018安徽合肥庐阳二模)Ourschoolssciencefestivaljustendedafewdaysago.Whatinterestedmemostwasthetimewespentmakingacar.Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard(瓦楞纸板),butcouldstillholdaperson,aswellasmove.Wewereexcitedaboutthisidea,butwefoundithardtomakethecar.Itseemedimpossibleforacardboardcartocarrysomeone.Ourphysicsteachershowedusavideo.Therewassomecorrugatedcardboardshapedlikea“V”or“W”inthevideo.Itcouldholdmoreweight.Thisgaveustheideatomakethecaraftergettingthepropermaterials.,Becausetherewasnotmuchtimeleftforus,wehadtofinishitasquicklyaspossible.Wetalkedabouthowthecarshouldbemadeandhowtotestit.Iwasgladthatwewereabletoworkcloselywitheachother.Everyonesawtheworkasaninterestingwaytorelax.Whenthecarwasfinallyfinished,weallworeasmileonourfacesandfoundthatallourworkhadbeenworthit,evenafterspendingwholeafternoonsworkingonit.Wejoinedthecompetitionafterwefinishedthecar.Thoughwedidntwinanyprizes,wefoundsomethingmoremeaningfulthansuccess.Welearnednewthingsaboutphysicsandlearnedhowtogetalongwitheachother.,1.ThecarwasmadeoutofD.A.thickstoneB.specialglassC.strongwoodD.corrugatedcardboard2.ThewritersCteachershowedthemavideotohelpthemmakethecar.A.mathB.historyC.physicsD.English,3.ThewriterwasgladthattheywereabletoB.A.wintheprizessuccessfullyB.workcloselywitheachotherC.jointhecompetitiontogetherD.findaninterestingwaytorelax4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?AA.Thecartheymadecouldholdapersonandmove.B.Itwasnotveryhardforthemtomakethecar.C.Theyspentmuchmoneygettingpropermaterials.D.Therewasenoughtimeforthemtomakethecar.,【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了作者参加科技节和同学们一起创作的历程,虽然没有取得名次,但也学到了很多知识及如何进行团队合作。1.D细节理解题。根据第1段中的“Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard”可知它是由瓦楞纸板制成的,故答案是D项。2.C细节理解题。根据第2段中的“Ourphysicsteachershowedusavideo”可知,我们的物理老师给我们看了一段录像,故答案是C项。3.B细节理解题。根据第3段中的“Iwasgladthatwewereabletoworkcloselywitheachother”可知我很高兴我们能够彼此紧密合作,故答案是B项。4.A细节理解题。根据第1段中的“Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard(瓦楞纸板),butcouldstillholdaperson,aswellasmove.”可知它是由瓦楞纸板制成的,但仍然可以容纳一个人,也可以移动。A项是正确的。,【3】(2018安徽合肥蜀山二模)TheFoxandtheStork(鹳)AtonetimetheFoxandtheStorkalwaysvisitedeachotherandseemedverygoodfriends.SotheFoxinvitedtheStorktodinner,andforajokeheputnothingbeforeherbutsomesoupinaveryshallow(浅的)dish.TheFoxcouldeasilyfinishhisfood,buttheStorkcouldonlywettheendofherlongbillinit,andleftthemealashungryaswhenshebegan.“Imsorry,”saidtheFox,“thesoupisnottoyourliking.”“Itdoesntmatter,”saidtheStork,“Ihopeyouwillreturnthisvisit,andcomeandhavedinnerwithmesoon.”,SoherecameadaywhentheFoxshouldvisittheStork,butwhentheywereseatedattableallthatwasfortheirdinnerwasputinaverylong-neckedbottlewithasmallmouth,inwhichtheFoxcouldnotinserthissnout(吻部),soallhecouldmanagetodowastolick(舔)theoutsideofthebottle.“Iwillnotsaysorryforthedinner,”saidtheStork.“Onebadturndeserves(值得)another.”,1.WhatwasservedtotheStorkattheFoxshome?BA.Nothing.B.Somesoup.C.Abigmeal.D.Alittlewine.2.Whatdoes“bill”meaninChinese?BA.账单B.鸟嘴C.腿D.脖子,3.AttheStorkshome,thefoodfortheFoxwasputinC.A.averyshallowbowlB.averyshallowdishC.averylong-neckedbottleD.averysmallspoon4.Whatdoesthestorytellus?DA.Oneshouldnthavetoomanyfriends.B.Noteverythingyouseeiswhatitappearstobe.C.Onewillgetagreatsuccessafterachievinggoalslittlebylittle.D.Onewillbehurtbyhimselfifhehurtsothersonpurpose.,【主旨大意】文章主要通过狐狸请鹳吃饭恶作剧,后面又被鹳捉弄了,故事告诉我们如果你无法忍受别人对你恶作剧,请不要作弄你的邻人。1.B细节理解题。根据文中的第1段“SotheFoxinvitedtheStorktodinner,andforajokeheputnothingbeforeherbutsomesoupinaveryshallow(浅的)dish.”于是狐狸邀请鹳来吃晚饭,只是在很浅的盘子里放了一些汤。故答案是B项。2.B词义猜测题。根据文中的“buttheStorkcouldonlywettheendofherlongbillinit”结合喝汤,可知是把鸟嘴末端弄湿。故答案是B项。3.C细节理解题。根据文中的第1段“butwhentheywereseatedattableallthatwasfortheirdinnerwasputinaverylong-neckedbottlewithasmallmouth”可知所有的晚餐都装在一个长颈瓶里。故答案是C项。,4.D主旨大意题。根据文中的第2段的“Iwillnotsaysorryforthedinner,”saidtheStork.“Onebadturndeserves(值得)another.”可知,一个人如果故意伤害别人,就会受到伤害。答案是D项。,【4】(2019原创)TroubleandtheNewKidisaperfectbookforthekidswrittenbyCateWhittle.Itisfunandhumorous.Ninaisthenewkidatschool.Sheistidyandorganizedandsmartand,well,shesdislikeGeorgiaatall.WhenGeorgiatellsNinaaboutherdragon,Trouble,Ninarollshereyesandsays“hmnph”.Ninadoesntbelieveindragons.Ninadoesntliketotalkaboutanythingthatisnotreal.,AlthoughGeorgiaandalltheotherkidsatschoolbelieveindragons,Ninarefusestobelievethatdragonsexist(存在).WhenTroublefindsoutNinadoesntbelieveinhimhestartssulking.Hewonteveneathisfavoritepotatochips.Then,somethingterriblehappensTroublestartstofade(逐渐消失)!WhatcanGeorgiado?ShemustcomeupwithaplantogetNinatobelieveinTrouble,buthowwillshegetNinatoseehimwhenhesnotallowedtogetintoschool?WillNinabelievebeforeTroubledisappears?,ThislittlestoryistoldbyGeorgia,withherfunnycommentoneverythinghappeningaroundher.ThethoughtinyoungGeorgiasmindwillcertainlyringtrueforanyonewhohaslivedwithanimaginative(富于想象力的)six-to-eight-year-old!StephenMichaelKingsfantasticpicturesbringoutthehumourandimaginationinthestoryandwillhelpreadersfallinlovewithGeorgiaandTrouble.ThisisthethirdbookintheTroubleseriesandlowerprimarykidswillloveit.,1.Inthebook,TroubleisD.A.astudentB.agirlC.aboyD.adragon2.NinathinksitisCwhenGeorgiatellsheraboutTrouble.A.interestingB.excitingC.impossibleD.amazing3.Theunderlinedword“sulking”hasthesamemeaningwiththeword“A”.A.angryB.fullC.hungryD.noisy,4.Inthebook,GeorgiaB.A.hateseverythingthatisntrealB.talksabouteverythinghappeningaroundherC.likeseatingpotatochipsverymuch.D.drawsmanypicturesofthedragons5.WhichisrightaboutTroubleandtheNewKid?BA.Thisbookisperfectforthemiddleschoolstudentstoread.B.Therearealotoffunnypicturesinthisbook.C.Youcanlearnalotaboutdifferentkindsoftroubleinthisbook.D.Therearefewcommentsinthisbook,soitisinteresting.,【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了麻烦系列之一麻烦和新成员的故事梗概及对该书的评价。1.D细节理解题。由第二段中的“WhenGeorgiatellsNinaaboutherdragon,Trouble”可知,Trouble是一条龙。2.C推理判断题。由第二段的“Ninadoesntbelieveindragons.”可知,Nina不相信有龙,故判断当Georgia告诉她关于Trouble的事的时候她认为是不可能的。3.A词义猜测题。由下面两句可知,Trouble不吃他最喜欢的薯条,然后开始逐渐消失。故判断当Trouble发现Nina不相信他的时候,他很生气。因此sulking意为“生气”。4.B细节理解题。由第五段的“Georgia,withherfunnycommentoneverythinghappeningaroundher”可知,Georgia对她周围发生的一切进行评论。故选B项。5.B细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知,这本书里有很多有趣的画。故选B项。,【5】(2019预测)Zongziisnotjustafoodwithriceandotherdeliciousfoodinit,butoneofthesymbolsoftheDragonBoatFestivalinChina.Thefestivalisonthe5thdayofthefifthlunar(阴历)month.ItistorememberthefamouspoetQuYuaninChinesehistory.Zongzi,orricedumpling,alsospeakstothetraditionofhomecookingindifferentplaces.Therearedifferentkindsofzongzi.Herearejustseveralexamples.,ThemostfamousJiaxingzongziJiaxingzongzi,namedafterthecityJiaxinginZhejiang,isthemostfamousfoodduringtheDragonBoatFestivalthankstoWufangzhai,thelargestzongzihere.Morethan6,000,000Wufangzhaizongziareonsaleinstoresacrossthecountryduringthefestival.AlsoJiaxinghasthefirstandtheonlymuseumofzongzi.TheoldestXianzongziThe“coldhoney”zongzihasthelongesthistoryinXian.Madewithrice,coldhoneyzongziwithoutfillings(馅)isagreatfoodduringthehotsummer.,ThelargestNanningzongziEachNanningzongzimostlyisaboutonekilogram.Itisalsocalled“pillowzong”becauseofitslargesizeandthemiddlepartwithfillingsalittletallerthanthetwosides.AlsoinGuangxi,peopleoncemadethelargestzongziwith50-kilogramriceandmeat.Ifathree-personfamilyeatsit,itwilltakethemtwomonths.ThesmallestShanghaizongziThesmallestzongziisinShanghaicity.Itiscomfortablejustrightforamouth.SomepeopleliketoenjoyitwithacupofChinesetea.,1.DifferentChinesezongzicanalsoshowthedifferencesofChineseB.A.historyB.cultureC.sportsD.shopping2.YoucanvisitazongzimuseuminA.A.JiaxingB.XianC.ShanghaiD.Nanning3.Ofallthefourkindsofzongzi,whichistheoldest?BA.Jiaxingzongzi.B.Xianzongzi.C.Nanningzongzi.D.Shanghaizongzi.,4.WhichistheNanningzongzi?B,5.ThepassagemainlytellsusC.A.thetraditionofDragonBoatFestivalB.themostfamousChinesefoodC.somedifferentkindsofzongziD.differentwaysofmakingzongzi,【主旨大意】本文介绍了几种中国最知名的粽子,即最著名的粽子嘉兴粽子、最古老的粽子西安粽子、最大的粽子南宁粽子和最小的粽子上海粽子。1.B推理判断题。由文章第一段可知,粽子是端午节的象征。故判断不同的粽子代表了不同的中国饮食文化。故选B项。2.A细节理解题。由第四段的“theonlymuseumofzongzi”可知,唯一的粽子博物馆在嘉兴。故选A项。3.B细节理解题。由第五段的“TheoldestXianzongzi”可知,西安粽子是最古老的粽子。4.B推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“Itisalsocalledpillowzong.themiddlepartwithfillingsalittletallerthanthetwosides.”可知,南宁粽子叫做枕头粽子,中间馅料比两边的高。根据图示判断选B项。5.C主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了中国比较知名的粽子。故选C项。,
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