高中英语译林（2019）必修1Unit 2 Let’stalkteens 知识必备手册 单元重点　悟透学通 Section 2　Grammar and usage [语法精讲]

Section 2Grammar and usage 语法精讲简单句、并列句和主从复合句语法图解用法详解一、简单句(Simple sentence)简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。有以下几种句式结构：1SV：主语谓语The moon|rose.月亮升起来了。Most birds|can fly.大部分鸟儿都会飞。2SVO：主语谓语宾语Who|knows|the answer?谁知道答案？Babies|should not wear|masks.婴儿不应该戴口罩。3SVP：主语连系动词表语The dinner|smells|good.午餐闻起来不错。The most important task|is|to study hard.最重要的任务是努力学习。4SVOO：主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语She|offered|me|much help.她给了我大量帮助。It|gives|us|a great feeling of peace.它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。5SVOC：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语They|painted|the door|green.他们把门漆成绿色。I|consider|English|a very important subject.我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。6SVC：主语谓语主语补足语No man|is born|wise.人非生而知之。They|married|young.他们很年轻就结婚了。7SVA：主语谓语状语Time|passes|quickly.时光飞逝。Chris and Tim|work|at a zoo.克里斯和提姆在一家动物园工作8SVOA：主语谓语宾语状语She|is doing|her homework|carefully.她正认真地做家庭作业。Jane and her sister|are playing |computer games| at home.简和她的姐姐正在家中玩电脑游戏。二、并列句(Compound sentence)并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列句的基本句式结构为： 简单句并列连词简单句。常见的并列连词：1表示平行并列，常用的连词有：and，not only.but also.，neither.nor.等。He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。2表示转折，常用的连词有：but，however，yet，while等。His son came back，but he was still concerned.他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。He likes sports，while Id rather collect stamps.他喜欢运动，而我更喜欢集邮。3表示因果，常用的连词有：for，so等。It must have rained yesterday evening，for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下雨了，因为地面是湿的。The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。注意so和because不能连用。4表示选择，常用的连词有：or，either.or.等。Put on your coat，or youll catch a cold.把大衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。Either Tom or his sisters are coming.不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。疑难点津注意“and”和“or”构成的特殊句式1祈使句and陈述句(常用将来时)Study hard，and you are sure to have a good result in the exam.努力学习，你一定能在考试中取得好成绩。2祈使句or陈述句(常用将来时)Be quick，or well be late for class.快点，否则我们上课就要迟到了。三、主从复合句(Complex sentence)主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子。复合句一般主要包含这几类从句：名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)和定语从句、状语从句，它们在主句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语。1名词性从句(相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语)When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。He said that some teenagers didnt work hard.(宾语从句)他说有些青少年学习不努力。We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句)我们听到了我们球队获胜的消息。2定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，在主句中作定语)The man who was full of anger was Mikes father.那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。I wont forget the day when I had an argument with him.我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。3状语从句(像副词一样，修饰谓语动词，或整个句子。根据表达的意思分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等)When I saw him，I found him under great stress.我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。I will meet my friend where I met my teacher last time.我会在上次见到我老师的地方见我的朋友。If you want to keep peace，youd better be patient.如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。He was punished，because he was late.他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。Lets get up early so that we can catch the early bus.让我们早起，以便我们能赶上早班车。He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。Please do as you are told.请按照你被告知的去做。Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。注意although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。