高中英语译林（2019）必修1Unit 4Looking good, feeling good 知识必备手册单元重点　悟透学通 Section 2　Grammar and usage [语法精讲]

Section 2Grammar and usage 语法精讲关系副词引导的限制性定语从句语法图解用法详解一、关系副词的指代及功能当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。1关系副词whenwhen引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时whenin/at/on/during.which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。There used to be a time when(during which) I hated going to school.曾有一段时间我不愿意去上学。Ill never forget the day when(on which) I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去上大学的那天。2关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时wherein/at/on.which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。They are playing in the park where(in which) there are many flowers.他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。The office where(at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。疑难点津有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状语，需用where引导。You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。3关系副词whywhy引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。Can you explain the reason why(for which) you dont help him?你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？二、关系代词和关系副词的判定表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)