四级阅读段落信息匹配题技巧及练习

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date四级阅读段落信息匹配题技巧及练习四级阅读段落信息匹配题技巧及练习段落信息匹配题1. 这种题型可以放到最后做。2. 考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原则”解题。细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的”，这就意味着从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。3. 快速掌握文章脉络。通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出现在：1）首句；2）转折词如but ；3）因果关系联接词如 as a result 引领的第二句；4）问句后面的答句。在找到中心句后，读一下末句，可以更精确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中心句，首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅读过程当中，有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看外文，掌握外文的行文思路。4. 一般而言文章组织有三大类。一是按时间，如货物运输，这是最简单的。 二是按观点原因发展瓶颈措施目标的布局来分析一件事物。三是偏科普的 夹杂很多不同派别的理论，这个相对而言比较难。5. 划出句子中的关键词。由于人的短期记忆能力是有限的，在短时间内无法记下所有的句子。因此需要寻找选项中的一些在最大程度上概括整个选项的关键词。带着这些关键词去浏览全篇文章，找到它们所涉及的相关内容后，再研读细节，最终确定此句是否和该段匹配。6. 题干提供的信息表述中通常会出现一些具有特殊意义的指示性词汇，这类词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征的段落。这些词通常包括如下三类：能够指示开头段的词汇(如overview、introduction、initiation、main idea、definition等)；能够指示结尾段的词(如overview、future、 solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等)；能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇(如rate、ratio、proportion、percentage等词往往对应含“%”的段落；number、figure、statistical demographics等词往往对应数字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue、salary等词往往对应含诸如“$”“￥”等货币符号的段落)。通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定。7. 正确选项一定是原文的同义转换，因此必须识别它们之间的转换关系。8. 在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹配，最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目的：一是检查已初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第一遍阅读中尚未解答的题目。 关键词专题：什么是关键词呢?关键词是用来帮助我们定位信息的词汇。最理想的情况是：我们依靠所划的关键词迅速定位到信息所在的段落，从而得到答案。这就要求我们所划的关键词是独一无二的，它只出现在原文的某一个段落。那么什么样的词才有这个特点呢? 【关键词的类型】1. 一些拼写较长的词，比如如：internship，competitiveness，globalization，integration，sustainability，innovative，immigration等。这些词属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词可以高效地查找匹配段落。另外，这些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来，像internship，在原文中用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中文。选它做关键词，瞬间就能找到原文出处了。2. 数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：mid-1970s, 3.9 percent，20 percent，September 11等。利用这些数字进行定位，测得的准确率是100%3. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如：university-based，one-child。这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接的新词，一般当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如one-child在原文中是没有的，原文是这样的“They often compromise by having just one child. ”这里的one child就不是整体作为形容词使用了。4. 研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：report，study，books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。5. 最高级，如best，worst，most等。如关键词之一为the best solution。然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是the most effective method，用的词汇是完全不一样的。这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。6. 除了以上所列的承载主要信息的名词，形容词等。如：funding，unsteady , values，employers，older workers，reforms，shortage，war，immigration，rich countries等。这些词的判断需要多加练习与体会。The Art of FriendshipA) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful - I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. Thats when it started to dawn on me - lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment Id been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on ones health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldnt, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends - women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since Id be making friends with more intention than Id ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C) After all, its a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yonre younger - a fact woman Ive spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when youre in your teens and 20s, youre more or less friends with everyone unless theres a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. There are many people Im comfort-able around, but I wouldnt go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isnt enough to sustain a real friendship, Danzig says.D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldnt run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, youre vulnerable again, agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. Youre asking, Would you like to come into my life? It makes us self-conscious.E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didnt take me up on my offer, so what: I wasnt in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F) Were all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests - say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for - become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Nows its our shared values and activities that count. Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the churchs youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in - or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her sons pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. I said to my husband, shes too cool for me, she jokes. I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly. In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didnt become good pals. I realized that we werent each others type, but it wasnt about hierarchy. What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person youve become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress youve made in your life.H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J) While youre busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friends life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know youre thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you cant be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks -shes chronically late, or shes a bit negative - to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at ones middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress youve made in your life.51. In Mafia Pauls book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friends job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.交友之道A)数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。事实上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康；我工作忙碌，事业有成。我只是隐隐约约感到情绪很低落，急需一个朋友能给我打打气，跟我喝杯咖啡，听我尽情发泄直到烟消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州这个国家的另一端。我拨通了她的电话，却听到要求留言的录音。阴影从此开始笼罩着我，孤独是我沮丧的根源。我的社交生活已经减少到几乎没有，但不知何故，直到那一该，我才注意到这一点。现在，这种感觉却狠雏地撞击着我。戈的那些老朋友们，从大学甚至孩提时代就已深交的密友，对我了如指掌，但他们一离开，也把我生活的环境一并带走了。B)研究表明，缺少社交生活对人的健康会产生长期的消极后果。还好，我妁焦虑期持续时间相当短暂。l521在那时我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那种方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代喷油的想法是错误的：他不能，即使他能，我又和谁倾诉我对丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定决心要结交新朋友，目标是像我一样有孩子而且关注这个世界的妇女。因为我这样交友的目的性更明确，我逐渐意识到，我是可以进行选择的，我实际上是可以设计我的社交生活的。当然它的消极一面就是我感到非常害怕。C)毕竟，在中年时期交友要比年轻时困难得多一这是个客观存在的显示，与我聊过的女性曾不止一次地指出这一点。41岁的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戏剧导演，也是一位母亲，1461她的看法是，在十几岁、二十几岁的时候，除了有特殊理由不能成为朋友的情况，人差不多可以跟所有人成为朋友。你的大学室友，至少余因为走得比较近而成为你最好的朋友。一现在，我们则需要理由才能成为朋友。Danzi9说，“有很多人，我跟他们在一起的时候很舒服，但我不会因此称他们为朋友。舒适度还不足以维持真正的友谊。”D)一开始的时候，寻找新的伙伴的确让入有点尴尬。四十岁了，我无法像我四岁的女儿那样在操场上碰到人就问：“能跟我做朋友吗?”。【49】 每次建立一群新关系，你就会又变得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧学博士，亚特兰大压力研究所的创始人兼首席执行官，赞同这一看法。她说：“你是在问：你愿意参与到我的生活中吗?这使我们局促不安。”E)幸运的是，我的不适感很快就过去了。我意识到，作为一个寻找朋友的成年人，我变得脆弱的风险其实是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的请求，那又如何呢?我不再是个初中生，那时我可能会因为穿不搭调的衣服或者发型不好看而被拒绝。【54】到了我这个年纪。我已经方足够的自信，我以为我有足够吸引对方的东西。F)事实上，我们都很忙，以至于共同的兴趣，譬如，我们为之忙碌的项目、课程或事业，就成为把我们与建立伙伴关系的候选人联系在一起的理想的催化剂。35岁的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地区一名教师及两个孩子的母亲，她说在教会结交的新朋友对她来说是一份惊喜。【53】 Mertes说，上中学对，我是根据他们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对或卢生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的劳动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。二她与一起组织教会的青年项目的好朋友，虽然性格不同，但她们的干劲和组织能力使她们成为彼此的理想好友。G)令人高兴的是，尽管结交新朋友是一件尴尬的事情，但自尊问题不是结交朋友需要考虑的因素否则，如果将自尊问题作为结交朋友的考虑因素，你也能很容易地洞察这一点。Danzig讲述了她儿子所在的幼儿园的一个孩子的母亲的故事。那位女士身材高大，美丽动八，嫁给了一位有名的摇滚音乐家。“我曾跟我的丈夫说，对我来说她太酷了，”她开玩笑道。“周围的人都告诫我要警惕。但是，当我跟她混熟了，才发现她原来是个非常悠闲而友好的人。”最终，她们之间因为没有“化学反应”，没能成为好朋友。“我意识到，我们不是同一类人，但这跟社会地位没有关系。”【50】现在看来：中年友谊似乎能反应你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。H)41岁的Harlene Katzman是纽约市的一名律师，她认为，在她无法确定自已是否变样的时候，最老的朋友知道她原来的样子。她依然非常爱她们，她相信她们有时对问题的反应能够反映出她曾经的样子，拥有老朋友对你而言大有益处。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：纭可以翻开新的一页。I)【47】新朋友，如果选择对了的话， 还可以帮助找到航行的方向。39岁的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉矶的一名律师，也是一位母亲。她发现，她在工作中新结交的一个人， Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜欢和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一种感觉，这个健康且从事运动事业的年轻女性能帮助她保持身材。J)当你忙着结交新朋友时，请记住，你仍需要与老朋友们培养感情。我们请Maria Paul，友谊的危机：当你不再是孩童时，如何寻找朋友、结交朋友与保持友情的作者，告诉我们维持这些重要关系的最佳途径。保持联系。朋友至上。无论你有多忙，都要抽空定期与朋友吃顿饭或者喝杯咖啡闲聊。了解她的事业。知道朋友生活中经历的重要事件，并适时表示你的支持，打电话或者发邮件让她知道你时刻都在想着她。坦诚相待。如果朋友确实做了让你懊恼的事情，一定要(委婉地)告诉她。如果你不能完全坦诚的话，就需要重新审视这段关系。包容她的缺点。人无完人，因此不要纠结于她的怪癖她经常迟到或者她有一点消极以减少挫折和斗争。满足她的自尊。真心的赞美使人感觉良好，所以要告诉她，你多喜欢她的新毛衣，她做了多么伟大的工作。46Leslie Danzig thought making friends at oneS middle age needed some reasonsLeslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。【解析】C)。细节题。根据句子关键词Leslie Danzi9和making friends al oneS middle age可定位至Cl段。该段中Danzi9说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒适度不足以维持真正的友谊。可见她认为中年交友需要。一些理由。47A wellchosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like选择得当的新朋友能帮你朝着你向往的方向前进。【解析】I)。细节题。根据句子关键词a wellchosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。48A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable数年前，作者给远在他乡的最好的朋友打电话，作者当时很需要她却没人接，因此感到很孤独沮丧。【解析】A)。归纳题。根据句子关键词a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是对整段的概括总结。49According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friendsKathleenHall觉得人们在刚开始结交新朋友的过程中会变得敏感，【解析】 D)。细节题。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。该段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。50Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOUve made in your life中年友谊可以帮你认清生活前进的方向和巩固进步。【解析】 G)。细节题。根据句子关键词midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。现在看来，中年友谊似乎能反映出你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。5 1In Maria PaulS book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friends job，express yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for herhis good dressing and jobMaria Paul的书中写到，要成为更好的朋友，你应该和朋友保持联系，关心朋友的工作，表达自己的思想，包容朋友的缺点，赞扬朋友。【解析】J)。归纳题。根据句子中的MariaPaulSbook可定位至文章末段。该段列举如何巩固和朋友的关系。句子是对整段的概括总结。52For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9对作者来说，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的负面感受。【解析】 B)。细节题。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。53According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activitiesMichelle Mertes认为中年友谊的基石是共同的价值观和参与的活动。【解析】 F)。细节题。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes说：上中学时，我是根据她们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对我产生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的活动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。54As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace作为一名成熟的交友者，作者发现自己有足够的自信发出邀请和坦然接受拒绝。【解析】 E)。细节题。根据句子关键词a mature friend seeker和offe“ejection可定位至E)段。该段中作者指出自己已经成熟，能坦然接受对方的拒绝，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。55With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life和新朋友一起，你有机会呈现新面貌。【解析】 H)。细节题。根据句子关键词takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻开新的一页。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同类表述。-