中美教育差异中英文

Comparing the Education Between American and China1.First of all, the differences of education between China and the United States is the primary goal of teaching: Chinese primary education make children s intellectual development and high mark achievement as the priority goal.And Chinas education emphasis on training students s quality of strictness and rigors. In the United States,there is only one purpose of primary:to cultivate children s creativity. And USs education pays more attention to raise student s self-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself.中国与美国教育的差异首先在于两国初等教育的教学目标不同： 中国初等教育将开发孩子的智力，孩子考出高分看成首要目标，而且中国的教育强调培养学生严格严谨的精神。 在美国，初等教育的目标只有一个：培养孩子的创造力。美国的教育注重培养学生的自信心、自主独立的精神。2.Comparing the elementary education between American and China,people s universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought. US s education aims to build such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought.比较美国和中国的基础教育，人们的普遍观点： 中国的基础教育旨在建立基础教育与更多的学习和更少的想法。 美国的教育旨在建造这样的教育提高创新的研究和更少的想法。3.The attitudes towards score are different: To Chinas children,a bad report card will let him receive pressure from all sides.Most Chinese students are aimed at “high score” . In the United States,however, every student s report card in the end of year is his/her private goods.Parents wont give the child too much pressure.Score ,which is less important than capability in parents s mind.对待成绩的态度不同： 对中国孩子来说，一份不好的成绩单会使他受到来自各方的压力。中国大部分学生的目的是”拿高分“。 然而在美国，每个学生年终的成绩单都属于私人的物品。家长方面也不会给孩子过多的压力。在家长心里分数与能力比要差得远。4.The view of knowledge is different between the two countries: Chinas emphasis on accumulation and inculcation of knowledge, then to help students develop respect for authority and knowledge,succession of knowledge and structure of knowledge system. The US focus on training students s actual ability of using knowledge.They pay attention to training students s spirit of doubt and criticism about knowledge and authority as well as expansion and creativity of knowledge. These two types of education show the static state in Chinese education and dynamic state in American education.They reflect the differences of the two countries s views of knowledge.两国在知识观上是存在差异的： 中国的教育重视对知识的积累灌输，注重培养学生对知识和权威的尊重和对知识的继承以及知识体系的建构。 美国则更注重培养学生运用知识的实际能力，注重培养学生对知识和权威的质疑，批判精神和对知识的拓展和创造。 这两种教育表达了对待知识的不同态度：即中国教育的静态与美国教育的动态，这一静一动反映了两国知识观的差异。5.The studying environment provided by China and US is different: Chinas schools, under the restriction of exam-oriented education and the influence of traditional concept, it takes a two-stage strategy which is disjointed.In the primary stage,you have to lay the foundation.In the advanced stage,you will be able to do academic research. American schools encourage children to do research from an early age.They develop the ability of researching,solving problems independently and organizing the study study materials.两国在提供给学生的环境上不同： 中国的学校，在应试教育的制约下和传统观念的影响下，采取的是初级阶段打基础，高级阶段才能做学术研究的相互脱节的两阶段战略。 美国的学校从小就鼓励孩子做研究，培养孩子的研究能力，独立处理问题的能力和组织研究材料的能力。6.The arrangements of the course are different: For example, on the problem of foreign language learning,in China,students only have one choice-English when they are in basic education.The system of education does the unitary choice for all students. In the United States,students have more choices,which including Spanish,French,Latin and so on .And there are a kind of course in which teaching materials are not needed.They usually call it “family life”class.The course content contains sewing,cooking and increase of self-confidence.It teaches what is in our real life beyond books.It teaches students to make a better life.两国课程设置不同： 比如关于外国语言的学习。在中国，学生在基础教育中只有英语一种选择，这是教育系统为全体学生做的统一选择。 而在美国，学生有更多选择，包括西班牙语、法语和拉丁语等。还有，在美7. Different mode of education: Chinese heuristic education exist a flaw, teachers give the suggestions of the answer to students and guide the students findthe only answer. The teaching methods in the United States, except guide students to understand and grasp the correct answer in class, and give students a place for free imagination to explore the unknown and potential answer. 教育模式不同 中国的启发式教育存在着一个弊端,就是其实一直到某一个问题的答案通过诱导学生,使他们找到唯一的答案. 在美国学校的教学法,除了引导学生在课堂上理解和掌握教师的正确答案外,还给与学生自由想象的空间,去探索教师和学生都没未知但却客观存在着的潜在答案. 国，不用教材的课是存在的，他们通常叫它“家庭生活”课。课程内容包括缝纫、烹饪和自信心的增强等等。它教给学生的是书本以外生活之中的事情。它教学生生活得更好。 8. Different college entrance examination system: In China, in addition to a small number of talented people do not care the entrance Score, the others are base on examination scores of admission.This is the only criterion. But in the United States,students choose at least one kind of various examinations every year, missed the first, it is excusable; missed twice, you can forgive. . As a result, these test scores can be admitted as a very important admission criteria rather than the only criterion.高考制度不同 在中国,除了少数人才不用看高考分数外,其余的均以高考成绩为录取人学得最重要的,唯一标准. 但在美国学生年年都参加各类考试中的至少一种考试,一次失手,情有可言;两次失手,也可以理解因此,这些考试成绩就可作为非常重要的录取入学考量标准,而不是唯一标准。9. The burden of learning different: In China, for the students ,their weekend is always canceled.Even the gorgeous holiday is still full of heavy work. The United States almost have a free day once a week. 学习负担不同: 在中国,周末可能被无情占有,就连绚丽多彩的假日也会充斥着繁重的作业. 美国几乎每周都会放一天假.10.Homework: Chinese students homework: in order to consolidate the theoretic knowledge, it is so boring and uncreative . It takes students a lot of time. There is beneficial aspect .Although sometimes students have many exams in their student life ,it can be good for them. It can make them easy to pass the college entrance examination and accept the higher education. American students homework: Homework cultivate children innovative thinking and creativity.Not only does it develop good habits, but also cultivate independence, let the children easily adapt to the society . 作业 中国学生的作业就是为巩固书面知识，机械单调，毫无创造性，占用了孩子大量的时间。当然好处也是有的，虽然有时候学生在学习生涯的时候考太多的试了，但这对他们也有好处。考试可以让他们更容易的通过高考，接受高等教育。 美国学生的作业培养创新思维和创造力,不仅培养孩子做计划的好习惯，还培养孩子的独立，让孩子更好的融入社会。11.Relations between teachers and students： In China:Relations between teachers and students are like the elder and junior.Teachers often stand on the platform and they have a greatdistancewith students, which make teachers in a prominent position, and make students afraid of teacher. In the United States: Relations between teachers and students are more like friends and colleagues.Students can be on friendly terms with their teachers. Teachers often have lessons below the podium, and they will approach their students and chat with them at pleasure so that students can get on well with their teachers.师生关系 在中国，师生关系是长辈与小辈的关系。老师经常站在讲台上讲课而且他们跟学生保持了距离，这使得学生们觉得老师高高在上，害怕老师。 在美国，师生关系更多地象朋友，象同事的那种关系，可以和睦相处。 老师经常在讲台下讲课，而且她们会靠近学生并跟他们随意的交流以至于学生们能跟老师很好的相处。12. Different family education: 1) American parents are open education .They pay attention to practical activities,and emphasize on developing the child in practice rather than preach. Chinese parents are enclosed education.They give priority to preach, and look down on the importance of practical activities.2) Americans believe that let children do all the things to themselves .During the tasks，the children can improve the knowledge and accumulate the experience.Also they can increase the confidence and responsibility. In China,the parents have the only requirement for children is study.Even they can prepare everything for their children in daily life, and this lead to many Chinese children learned a lot of knowledge but useless.3） In the United States, children take part in the activities.Their sports activities time is abundant, and they have activity places everywhere. In China,children have less outdoor activities because the Chinese children learn from morning to night ,and they have lots of homework.家庭教育不同: 1)美国父母主张开放式教育：重视实际锻炼，强调在实践中培养孩子，而不是说教。中国父母多是封闭式教育：以说教为主，轻视实践活动的重要性。2)美国人认为，凡是孩子的事情都让孩子自己去完成，在完成任务过程中提高认识,积累经验。并且让他们增强自信心和责任心。在中国，父母对孩子的要求就是读书，他们可以为孩子准备所有的事情，这导致许多中国孩子学了许多知识但是没用。3)在美国，孩子进行各项兴趣活动、体育活动的时间都比较充裕，活动场所到处都有。在中国，孩子们的户外活动少，因为中国孩子从早到晚的学习而且有做不完的作业。 3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错 C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。XD当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本 中。D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。F废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。F分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。()G各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错G工资费用就是成本项目。()G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品成本中。对J计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。()J简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。()J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对 J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，XK可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过“应付工资”科目核算。 S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。 S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。()W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对 Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。XY以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。XY原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。()Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对Z直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。XZ逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末(可能有月末余额/可能有借方余额/可能有贷方余额/可能无月末余额)。A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)