八年级英语上期末知识点归纳

湘教版初二英语（八年级）上册期末知识点归纳第一部分 单元短语与句型Unit 1I saw you play basketball almost every day.通常Hey, look! Can you see Michael dancing in the zoo? 正在进行Listen, someone is singing in the next room.正在进行Look, a car is driving towards us. 正在进行Would you like to come and cheer us on?=Do you want to come and cheer us on?I hope our team will win. win first place得第一名, win gold medals 获得金牌play it pretty well,pretty/very cold/small/big很，相当, play it more quietly/loudlydo well in = be good at+sth/doing sth擅长做某事（反义）do badly in, Do you row much（经常）? Yes, quite a bit./No, seldom.make ones bed整理床铺，have a fight, keep trying say sorry to sb对某人说对不起，I am sorry to hear that. I am sorry about that.I am sorry for what I said.(原因)I am sorry for breaking you cup=I am sorry I broke your cup. Never mind=It doesnt matter.be angry with sb. Dont be angry with me. She is angry with her mother.start to do sth/doing sth=begin to do sth/begin doing sth开始做某事He speak so loudly that we can hear him clearly.以至于He ran so fast that he won the game. throw/put sth into sth else把某东西放进另外的东西里面obey/follow the trafficrules反义break the rulesFollow me 跟我来 Can you follow me?=understandhave fun doing sth从做某事中得到乐趣 make fun of sb取笑某人build me up/ build ourselves up=make me/us strongtry/do ones best尽最大的努力，try to do sth试图做某事， manage to do sth设法做某事make friends with sb, during the sports meet 在校运会期间be ready for+n. I am ready for the exam.我准备好考试了。be ready to do sth She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。Our school will hold a sport meet next week.= There will be a sports meet in our school next week.pass the exam通过考试, pass/cross the finishing line越过终点线take/do exercise=do sportsin the 29th Beijing Olympic Games=in the 2008 Olympics The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games.The Olympic rings stand for the Olympic Games.the flag of China， the Chinese flagThe motto of the Olympic Games is “Faster, higher, stronger.”Unit2Whats wrong with you?=Whats the matter with you? Whats up?Do you have a cold?get/have a fever/a cough/ a cold/a sore throat/a toothache/a backache/a stomachacheI have a headache=I have a pain in my head. have sore eyes/the flulook pale/tired, feel terrible, take some medicine药/pills药片，get/be well I dont feel like eating. I cough day and night. check/look it over=examine it检查它How are you feeling today? Much better/ Just so-so/Not too bad/ Too bad.Dont move your leg too much. You shouldnt eat too much food. There are too many things to do(太多事要做). Its too big. Its much too big.fall-have an accident and hurt-call a taxi/taketo the hospital-stay in bed-get well-return homeBut my left leg still hurts when I move it. cause cancer导致癌症the possible causes原因/reasons理由 of headaches可能导致/引起头痛的原因/理由Germs can get into the human body through the skin, the nose and the mouth. Be sick/ill=have an illness/a sickness/a diseaseWhat should we do to fight germs?不定式表目的“来” We shouldnt eat bad food or sour milk(否定并列用or). We should wash hands before meals and keep fingernails short.(肯定用and) We mustnt spit in public. We must keep our bodies clean.have the right kinds of food, choose the wrong food, choose to give up选择放弃 eat more fruit and less meatWe can learn English in different ways=There are many ways for us to learn English. FirstlySecondlyThirdlyFinally，finally=at last= in the end最后take your advice接受你的建议. How much is it? Its 40. Fine, I will take it= buy it. What should we do to fight SARS? We must eat healthy food. Must we do more exercise? Yes,you must. /否定回答No, you neednt. Its my duty to save patients=My duty is to save patients. on the phone/radio/Internet, on TV(通过)使用某机器Unit 3Nice/Glad/Happy/Pleased to see you. learn a lot about famous people from the stamps=learn a lot from the stamps about famous people从邮票可以了解很多有关于名人（的事迹）be of+抽象名词=be +对应的形容词in ones spare time=in ones free time= when sb. is free=when sb. have timeread a book/read books go out/eat out出去/下馆子do some indoor/outdoor activities做些室内/户外活动give/bring sb. happiness/sadness/good luck keep/make sb happy/ sad /clean/share my interests. I want to share an apple with you.Do you want to share a story with us? draw/piant picturesThe teacher is giving an English lesson while the students are having/taking the English lesson.give a concert开演唱会 in a theater, at a concert, in a cinema,be angry with sbWhat time is it going to start? Who is going to sing?It sounds beautiful/pleasant/wonderful/sweet.Classical music is serious music. Popular music often comes and goes quickly. Folk music is simple but special.form a band/a company, set up/found a band成立、组乐队，find找-found过去式all over the world=in the world=around the world全世界They are very popular among young people.他们在人们中很流行。SARS spreads easily among people/children. 非典在人群中容易传播。make sb do sth. I made faces and made my classmates laugh when Miss Wang was giving a lesson. on that day， make Saturday a holiday, make sb. happyin the 1950s 在二十世纪五十年代（the不可以少）, stop working停止工作Unit 4talk about life in the city, the beauties of nature自然美control the climate调节气候In the countryside, the air is fresher, the sky is bluer, and there are also green trees and clearer rivers. life in the city/ countryside/ the suburbs，We need them so much. 我们如此地需要它们。很thousands of people成千上万的人(约数) 类似词有hundred, million(百万), score（二十）, dozen（一打，十二）one/two/three thousand and fifty people 一/两/三千零五十人（准确数字）Humans need water to drink, to cook and to clean.(不定式表目的“来”)Actually/In fact事实上, we need money to use.Without money, we cant live. Save water/money节约， save ones life, save the patients 救病人feed/live on sth. 以。为食in/out of danger处于危险中/脱离危险， in/out of trouble遇上麻烦/摆脱困境people/animals in danger处于危险中的人/动物，dangerous people/animals危险的人/动物We use knives for cutting things(for介词加ing).=We use knives to cut things(to为不定式). pay attention to sb./sth.注意。begin with 以。开头 give it a try=have a trythe first letter of the wordfind pleasure in doing sth从做某事中找到乐趣 类似have fun (in)doing sthas we know 众所周知， 大家都知道， such as例如, build as 建楼房当作, regardas把。当作，但mistakefor把。误认为one of the oldest countries（复数）the ancient world/times古时候的世界，远古时代be made up of 由组成第二部分 主要语法分析和例子1. 一般将来时be going to/will+动词原形（包括be）We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three this Sunday.将来时What are you going to be when you grow up? What do you want to be in the future?Im going to be a dancer.I want to be a dancer.There be 的将来时There is going to be/There will be, 过去式There was/were, There used to be过去常常, 现在时There is/are2. used to do sth肯定used to do sth过去习惯/常常做某事否定 used not to do/ didnt use to do sth 疑问句Did use to do?What hobbies did you use to have? I used to go roller skating.What hobbies do you have now? Well, I play the guitar.Where did you use to go swimming? I used to swim in a small pond. She used to enjoy listening to music, but now she doesnt like it. She prefers to sing. I used to be a student. But now I am an office worker.I didnt use to play sports, but now I like it. 3. 过去进行时：时间状语at this time yesterday， from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening过去某个时间段正What were you doing at this time yesterday?I was taking a shower/bath.What was Michael doing from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening?He was reading.4. 一般情况下，when+一般现在时/过去时，while+现在/过去进行时The telephone rings while Jane is practising the violin.=When the telephone rings, Jane is practising the violin.(while后接持续性动作，When接短暂性动作, 响铃只是瞬间的动作。)What was the mouse doing when the cat knocked at the door?What was the cat doing when the mouse came out of the bathroom?What was the mouse doing when the cat found him?What were they doing when the sky was high?Father was still sleeping when I got up yesterday morning. While she was trying to call for help, he woke up.Were you playing on the computer?Yes, I was./No, I wasnt.plan, want, hope, believe都没有进行时态，think做“认为”解时也没有进行时，做“思考”解时有进行时5. 动名词短语表单件事情做主语，已经名词化相当于名词，不是动作，谓语用单数：Getting up early is good for us. Going to bed late is bad for our health.Playing sports right after meals is bad for our health.Breakfast gives you energy for the morning. Water is necessary for our health. 不只一件事情做主语，谓语用复数：Healthy eating haits and running are good for us. Water and rice are necessary for our health.6使用动名词做宾语的动词practice/mind/enjoy/love/keep+doing sth/sth,使用动词不定式做宾语的动词start/begin/like/prefer/hate/continue+to do/doing sth/sthask/want/would like/teach/encourage/order sb. to do sth请求/想/教/鼓励某人做某事I want /would like to drink a cup of coffee. I want/would like to be a scientist/musician/doctor/teacher/an artist. 最喜欢My favorite hobby is reading novels. I like reading novels best.比较喜欢I prefer singing to dancing. I like to sing better than to dance.有些喜欢I like reading a little. Fishing is very interesting. I am interested in reading. I love reading. I am fond of climbing the mountains. 不喜欢I dont like listening to music. I dislike listening to music.讨厌I dont like rock music at all. I dont like listening to rock music. I hate classical music/I hate listening to classical music/I hate to listen to classical music. 7. 形容词1.名词前用形容词做定语a good boy, a beautiful girl2.连系动词后接形容词feel/be/get tired感觉累，feel well, look fit/nice/handsome1）变得grow/become/turn/get2）be动词：am/is/are, was/were, will be3）感官动词sound, look, feel, taste3.不定代词something, nothing, anything 等后面的形容词做后置定语。Its nothing serious. I have something important to tell you.There is something new in the newspaper.There is nothing special in this dress.Is there anything wrong with your computer?There is something wrong with my computer.Something is wrong with your computer. My computer doesnt work. 比较级的常用句式A+ be +形容词比较级+than +B.(A与B 必须是同类事物，相对称)， 但有时be动词会变成其他连系动词做表语It sounds more beautiful，或者有时是have之后的形容词修饰名词做定语She has more money than me， 有时形容词修饰名词也位于句首A bigger car came一辆更大的车开过来了， 有时是I still have something more interesting to tell you next time。总之能用形容词的地方都能用其比较级和最高级，只是意思更进一级。The weather in the south is warmer than that in the north。（that指天气）The life in the countryside is quieter than that in the city. （that指生活）many/much 的比较级更多more food,但是 more interestingpopular中的more+多音节形容词原级是构成比较级的形式，more本身不是many 或者much 的比较级。使用的时候不能用more+另一个形容词的比较级。few 的比较级fewer接可数名词, fewer books， little的比较级接不可数名词less and less land, less moneymost 只能用与多音节形容词原级前，如the most wonderful/beautiful/popularmuch more interesting/important更有趣/重要；a little colder/warmer比较冷/暖一点多于，超过：more than =over, over/ more than +可数名词复数/不可数名词少于 less than +不可数名词， fewer than +可数名词复数越来越more and more popular, bigger and bigger，higher and higher8.反意疑问句 句式：1前肯，后否？2。前否，后肯？（顺序为“前主后谓，后谓前主？”）反意部分不能有名词当主语，只能用代词指代。几种特殊的：1.must当做“必须”解时，疑问部分用mustnt +代词？must当做“必要”解时，疑问部分用neednt +代词？must当做猜测，“想必”解时，疑问部分用isnt +代词？He must be tired, isnt he?2.陈述部分有few, little, no, not等表否定的词语,疑问部分用肯定.3.祈使句，疑问部分用will you?Let us 也用will you? 但是Lets, shall we?I am your friend, arent I?（不能有arent you）I dont think he can swim, can he?(主句是think，疑问部分用临近句子的主谓)There is a book on the desk, isnt there?Jim lived in London, didnt he? lived的否定形式Jim didnt live in London,There is nobody in the room, is there? nobody 是否定Everyone is here today, arent they?9.介意句型Would you mind helping me ?你介意帮我个忙吗？Would you mind not opening the window?你介意/可不可以不要开窗？Would you mind my opening the window/me smoking here?我开窗户可以吗？你介意我开窗户吗？回答如果允许，表示不介意，那么就用Of course not/Certainly not/ Not at all. 不允许，介意,Sorry, youd better not/ youd better ask somebody else/smoke somewhere else.miss a chance/ a goal/the bus错过机会/球门/班车10.询问观点What do you think of the movie?How do you like the movie?表达见解I think its interesting and exciting.同意I agree with you/I think so/I have the same feeling. 不同意I dont agree with you/ I disagree with you/I dont think so/Im afraid not.I think its boring.Which kind of animal do you like better, the panda or the dog.I like the dog better because it is more lovely.Which animal do you like best, monkeys, tigers or the lions?I like monkeys best of all. Which sport do you prefer?=Which sport do you like better?Whats your favorite sport? =What sport do you like best?My favorite sport is soccer.Whos your favorite player?My favorite sport is Yaoming.What do you usually do in your spare time?What kind of music do you like best?确定Im quite sure there are UFOs. 不确定Even scientists arent sure whether/if there are UFOs 11.电话用语call/phone sb=ring sb. up, make a phone call, phone ones home/officecall me back回电话给我， extension 分机This is speaking.这边是。Whos this/that?那边是谁？May I speak to ?我能跟某某人通话吗？Im sorry she is not in/she is out/ she is not here.She is busy now. Wait a moment/ Just a moment/ Hold on/Hold the line.稍等May I take a message for you?你能帮我捎个口信吗？give him the message=give the message to him给他口信Can you leave a message? 你能留言吗？=.I will take a message for you.What shall I take with me? Youd better take an umbrella with you.When and where shall we meet? Lets meet at the school gate at 6:30 tomorrow morning.Shall we meet at the bus station? See you later/soon. See you.12.感叹句How exciting the concert was! What an exciting concert is!How tall the boy is! What a tall boy he is! How popular his songs are!13.以how 引导的特殊疑问句How tall is he? =Whats his height?He is 2.26 meters tall.How often do you go to the English corner? Twice a week.How much is the dress? Its 50 yuan.How far is it from here to the park? Its about two kilometers away. You need to take a bus.How long is the bridge? Its 300 meters long.How long will you stay in Beijing? For two weeks.How many sheep/apples are there? There are fifty.have a good time=enjoy oneself14.表示建议，请求许可Why not go shopping tomorrow?Lets go shopping tomorrow.Shall we go shopping tomorrow?How about going shopping tomorrow?Youd better stay in bed/go to see a doctor.Youd better not go to school today.You should drink lots of boiled water./You shouldnt watch TV so long.祈使句否定Dont move your leg too much. 肯定Stay in bed and have a good rest.15可以接反身代词做宾语的动词：hurt/enjoy/wash/teach/help oneself, build oneself up. 可接反身代词做宾语的介词by oneself(由)，take care of oneself, look after oneself16.名词所有格womens table tennis, boys 100-meter race,Chinas national team17. show, say, know, believe, tell后面接一个从句（主谓，主前谓后）或不定式作宾语。I think you will enjoy them.I think they are just so-so.He thinks it sounds wonderful.He thinks playing the drums is exciting.He says violin music is his favorite. The article says smoking is bad for our health.Can you tell me where the bus station is? I believe you will win next time.Do you know who is the most popular singer? The X-ray shows its nothing serious.第三部分词语辨析1.参加take part in/be in/ join in+活动 参加活动 take part in the long jumpjoin the school rowing club加入组织be/play for/against sth支持/反对某人/某事效力They both play for the Houston Rockets in the NBA. 反义词play againt对阵2.花费人+spend some time/money on sth/in doing sth花费时间或者金钱在某事上/做某事人+pay some money for sth物+cost/ take help sb (to) do something=do sb. a favor=give sb a hand3.到达reach/ get to/arrive in/at+地点， in为大地点，in Beijing, at为小地点 at home4.著名be famous for China is famous for the Great Wall. 因。而闻名be famous as Chongqing is famous as the Moutain City.称之为，美誉5.like动词喜欢feel like doing sth 喜欢做某事like介词像look like看起来像 sound like听起来像 smell like闻起来像, taste like尝起来像.6.看look look up a word in a dictionary查单词look like看起来像, look at看一看, look for寻找, look over检查, look after7.借I can lend you some tapes of her songs. 主语借出We often borrow books from the library.主语借进Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行车吗？=Can you lend me your bike?=Can you lend your bike to me? 你可以借你的车给我吗？8.照顾动词care for the patients 照顾病人，名词take care of sb/oneself, 形容词Be careful当心（反）careless9. 猜测Collecting stamps must be great fun. 收集邮票想必很有趣。类似事实Collecting stamps is fun. 收集邮票很有趣.10能够be able to+ 动词原形 can+动词原形11. close形容词They are close friends亲密的朋友.动词Close the door.关门cover 名词盖子，动词覆盖12. enough have enough food/rice/money/books（名词）He is not tall（形容词）enough to reach the fan.=He is too short to reach the fan(够得着风扇). cold/warm/big/small+enough足够冷/暖/大/小13.介词for 与to(有不定式就用for, 无则用to)Rainforests/Plants and animals are important/usful/necessaryto us.Water is important to us. Water is very important for us to live. Water is necessary to us. Its necessary for us to learn English.be helpful in doing sth在某方面有帮助, be helpful to do sth抽象名词Some stamps are of great value=Some stamps are very valuable.This meeting is of great importance=This meeting is very important.Computers are of great use=Computers are very useful.14live 动词居住，第三人称单数liveslive 形容词， 活的, live models 真人模特life 名词， 生命， 复数lives15keep him active/healthy, keep the classroom clean, keep the thief waiting and standing outside,keep trying16.help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人The Internet can help us to do a lot of things.help名词with the help of Jane=with Janes help 反义词without 17. plan名词the plans for this year/next week 动词How do you plan to celebrate it?=How are you going to celebrate it?18.exciting, excited, interesting, interested, tiring, tired(说人用ing, 形容物用ed)The movie was very exciting. People are excited.an exciting movieThe stories are very interesting. He is very interested in it.an interesting storyThe job is tiring. She is very tired of it. You have a tiring job.19.change my clothes换我的衣服, 名词a change in the old city walls，need a changelet me out/in（副词）让我出去/进来，let me sing/cry（动词）让我唱/哭20.代替 instead of+n./pron.宾格/Ving代替，而不是 instead 副词， 可以单独使用位于句首和句末做状语 take the place of +名词/代词