高中英语译林（2019）必修1Unit 3Geetting along with others 单元重点　悟透学通 Section 2　Grammar and usage [语法精讲]

Section 2Grammar and usage 语法精讲关系代词引导的限制性定语从句语法图解用法详解一、定语从句的定义1在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1who的用法示例：The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。归纳：who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。2whom的用法示例：Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。归纳：whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可 用who 代替，也可省略。3which的用法示例：The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。4that的用法示例：The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.每年来参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。归纳：that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。5whose的用法示例：He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国闻名的科学家。归纳：whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。2当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。3当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。4当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。疑难点津关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Those who are over 45 wont be permitted into the hall.超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。温馨提示(1)“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。(2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。