一般现在时的被动语态

般现在时的被动语态、英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：Wecleantheclassroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：Theclassroomiscleaned（byus）.教室被（我们）打扫。一般现在时主动语态变被动语态的方法例：我们每天打扫教室。主动语态：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.主语谓语宾语被动语态：Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.主语谓语宾语【说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2）将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即“助动词be的各种时态形式+及物动词的过去分词”；3）将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，by短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；4）主动语态中的时间或地点状语等在被动语态中不变二、被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语），其中by意为“被，,；由,”，表动作的执行者。如：Theglassisbrokenbythatboy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。一般现在时被动语态的否定、疑问形式一般现在时的被动语态中有助动词am,is,are,所以其否定式是在am,is,are后加not;般疑问句形式是将am,is,are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是疑问词+一般疑问句。如：肯定句：Thedeskismadebyhim.否定句：Thedeskisnotmadebyhim.一般疑问句：Isthedeskmadebyhim?Yes,itis.（No,itisnt.）特殊疑问句：Whereisthedeskmadebyhim?如：Englishiswidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（肯定式）Englishisnotwidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（否定式）IsEnglishwidelyspokenaroundtheworld?（疑问式）Yes,itis./No,itisnt.三、被动语态的用法：1. 下面的几种情况用被动语态当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。如：SilkisproducedinSuzhou.苏州出产丝绸。2. 当没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者时。如：ColourTVsetsaresoldinthatshop.那个商店出售彩电。3. 强调说明动作的承受者时。如：ThesebicyclesaremadeinChina.这些自行车是中国制造的。【温馨提示】如果需要说明动作的执行者时，由介词by引出。如：Thiscoatismadebyhermother.这件大衣是她妈妈做的。在主动语态变被动语态时,初学者常犯的错误有：误用人称代词例：Jimoftenseesus.【误】Usareoftenseen（byJim）.【正】Weareoftenseen(byJim).【析】主动语态的宾语是人称代词时，在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。1. 误用过去式代替过去分词例：Myfathergivesmetenyuaneveryweek.【误】Iamgavetenyuan(bymyfather)everyweek.【正】Iamgiventenyuan(bymyfather)everyweek.【析】注意不规则动词的过去式与过去分词不一致的情况。混淆主、被动谓语结构例：Doeshedoalotofworkeveryday?【误】Doesalotofworkdone(byhim)everyday?【正】Isalotofworkdone(byhim)everyday?【析】不要把主、被动谓语结构混为一谈，尤其在否定句、疑问句中。四、主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它)注意：1. 主动、被动互转时，时态不变，但有人称和数的变化。主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。主动句的宾语是代词的宾格形式，变成被动时，要转换为主格。如：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.Riceisgrown(bypeople)inthesouth.(2) Shetakescareofthebaby.Thebabyistakencareof(byher).含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)如：Theworkcanbedone.这项工作很容易做。Otherplanetsmaybevisitedinthefuture.将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式，在变被动句时，要加上to.使役动词make/have/letsbdosth及感官动词see/hear/feel/noticesbtodosth如：theyheardagirlsinginthenextroom(bythem).tagirlwasheardtosinginthenextroom(bythem).五、被动语态的结构：肯定句：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+其他eg.Englishisstudied(byus)everyday.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+其他eg.Englishisnotstudied(byus)everyday.疑问句：IsEnglishnotstudied(byus)everyday.?特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+am/is/are+主语+动词的过去分词+其他巩固练习一把主动语态变成被动语态。1. HecleanstheroomeverySunday.2. Farmersgrowriceinthesouth.3. PeopleinEnglandspeakEnglishWeplayfootballontheplaygroundeveryafternoon.4. DoyouoftenwatchTVathomeintheevening?5. ShedoesnfitnishherhomeworkTheydonrteadthatbook.6. Wheredotheywatchbasketballmatcheveryweek?7. WhatdoesTomstudy?8. Whendoyoulistentomusic?二把被动语态变成主动语态。1. keysareusedforlocking.(we)Footballisplayed.(thestudents)Desksaremadeofwood.(workers)Chineseisnhtadintheclassroom.(theteacher)Isthisbookreadeveryday?2. Wherearebikesmade(they)?3. Whatisdone?(Lucy)Arethepensmadeinthefactory?(you)EnglishisnsptokenbypeopleinChina.4. Wearegivensomemoney(they).一般现在时被动语态练习一、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Usuallycomputers(use)togetinformationontheInternet.2. I(ask)tocleanmybedroomeverydaybymymother.3. Trees(plant)inspring.4. -Howcleanandtidyyourbedroomis!-Thankyou.It(clean)everyday.5. Thebrowndesk(make)ofwood.6. AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chinese(teach)inmoreandmoreschoolsoutofourcountry.7. Abook(give)tomebymymotheronmybirthday.8. Hesseen(go)intothebuildingeveryday.9. Nobodylikesto(laugh)at,soyoudbetterbekindtoothers.10.It(say)thatSlumdogMillionaire贫民窟的百万富翁isagoodfilm.1. 二、句式转换Iwashdisheseveryday.(改为被动语态)。bymeeveryday.2. MostofthefarmworkisdonebymachineintheUSA.(改为一般疑问句)Thejacketismadeofcotton.(变为否定句)FrenchandEnglisharespokeninCanada.(对划线部分提问)。inCanada?3. Tomgivesmeabook.(改为被动语态)AbooktomebyTom.IabookbyTom.4. Imakehimdresshimselfeverymorning.(改为被动语态)Hetakesgoodcareofhischild.5. IseehimplayingfootballwhenIgohome.HeplayingfootballbymewhenIgohome.I. 将下列句子改为被动语态.(1) PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.(2) Peopleplantalotoftreeseveryyear.(3) Doyouoftencleanyourroom?(4) Theymakethistypeofradiosinshanghai.(5) DoesMarydoalotofreadingeverydayTheteachergivesusmuchhomeworkeveryday.(6) HeusuallyseeshisgrandfatheronSundays.(7) WorkersbuildmanytallbuildingsinBeijing.(8) TheWhiteseatbreadinthemorning.(9) MrBlacksendsmeinterestingstorybooks.(10) DoyouoftentellthemadventuresTomoftenmakeshisparentslaugh.(11) Teachersletusstudyhard.(12) DotheybuypresentsforBettybsirthday?(13) Heusuallymendsbikesnearthestreet.(14) Hedrawspicturesverywell.(15) Thetwinswritesgoodcompositions.II. 改为主动语态.(1)IsthenoisemadebyJim?(2)Heisgivenmanypresentsbyhisunclesometimes.(3) FlowersarewateredbyMikeeveryday.(4) TheyareoftenheardtosingsongsbyTomnextroom.(5) Studentsaretaughtgrammarbyteachers.(6) AbeautifulsweaterischosenbyLingling.III. 单项填空.1.Theyoungtreeseverythreedays.2. A.arewateredB.werewateredC.arewateringD.havewateredDoyouenjoyfootball?Iheartherewillbeafootballmatchtomorrow.3. A.playingB.playC.playedD.toplayDidsheanypicturesofhertrip?4. A.buyB.takeC.makeD.useHewassothathecouldnsittstill.5. A.exciteB.excitedC.excitingD.excitesIhopetovisittheUSAinthefuture.6. A.sometimesB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimeHisparentswereworriedthathe_toomuchtimechattingonline.7. A.spentB.costC.paidD.hadIttheChinesepeopleeightyearstobuildtheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝).8. A.spendsB.costsC.paidD.took-Look.Whatanicegarden!-Yes.Iteveryday.9. A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.isbeingcleanedD.wascleanedChildrentokeepawayfromthemedicinefortheirsafety.10. A.aretoldB.tellC.aretellingD.wastoldMysisterdoesnliktethedress.Shethinksitmakesherbig.11. A.lookB.looksC.tolookD.lookedImgoingtopractice_footballonceaweek.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.playwith