9.状语从句

1.什么是状语：什么是状语：在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如：的成分被称为状语。如：He works very hard.He is real handsome.2.什么是状语从句：什么是状语从句：用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。really 1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句）3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (条件状语从句）4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）6.Adverbial Clauses of Result （结果状语从句）7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句）9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句 )4.位置位置：主前从后亲密没够，主前从后亲密没够，从前主后得有小逗，从前主后得有小逗，从在主中需俩逗逗。从在主中需俩逗逗。I was reading a book when he came in.When he came in,I was reading a book.I was,when he came in,reading a book.一。一。时间状语从句时间状语从句一。时间状语从句一。时间状语从句when while as before aftertill/until sinceas soon as普普通通连连词词特特殊殊连连词词the momentthe minutethe secondthe instantevery/each timenext timeany timeby the timethe first timeimmediatelydirectlyinstantly 一一.When 的用法的用法When 即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。个短暂行动作。可用以表示主从句动作可用以表示主从句动作同时发生同时发生或从句动作先于或从句动作先于主句。（从主句。（从主）主）(从句动词可延续也可非延续从句动词可延续也可非延续)I was thin when I was a child.The film had been on when we arrived.2.be about to do when be doing when be on ones way when be on the point of doing when had just done when以上句式中的以上句式中的“when”译为译为“这时或那时这时或那时”不可以用其它连词替换。不可以用其它连词替换。a.The telephone was ringing when I got home.b.I was about to go to bed when he came back.We were just _ calling him up _ he came in.about;when B.on the point of;whileC.on the point of;when D.on the point of;as I was walking down the street while I heardsomeone calling for help.when正要正要.的时候的时候 3.When 引导条件状语从句相当于引导条件状语从句相当于if How can I explain it to you when/if you wont listen.When you read it again,the meaning will become clearer to you.二二.While 的用法的用法 1.必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.“然而然而”表示对比。表示对比。I like watching TV while he likes reading.3.引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 “虽然、尽管虽然、尽管”While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。4.引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句“只要只要”While we are here,dont worry.三三.As 的的引导引导时间状语时间状语从句的用法从句的用法“随着随着”“一边一边一边一边”1.“当当”强调动作同时发生，无先后强调动作同时发生，无先后.1.As I get older,I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。2.He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。3.As he was going out,it began to rain.当他出去时开始下雨了。当他出去时开始下雨了。“as”可以引导的其它状语从句：可以引导的其它状语从句：Young as he is,he knows a lot.（让步）让步）As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.（原因）（原因）Do as I told you./do as you like.（方式方式）He is as old as I/me.（比较比较 ）连接词连接词when,while,as的用法区别：的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词必须是必须是可可延续延续的，的，而而when引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词是是可延续可延续的，也可以是的，也可以是非延续的动词非延续的动词。如：。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2从句动作发生在主句动作从句动作发生在主句动作之前之前时，只能用时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as或或while。如：如：When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.3表示表示“随着随着,一边一边一边一边”，连词用，连词用as.如：如：As the election approached,the violence got worse.随着选举的临近，暴力愈演愈烈。随着选举的临近，暴力愈演愈烈。4如果如果主句谓动主句谓动是是非延续性非延续性的，的，而而从句谓动从句谓动是是延续性延续性动词并使用动词并使用进行时态进行时态时，时，when,while与与as 可互换使用。可互换使用。如：如：When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.四四.Before 的多种翻译方式：的多种翻译方式：在在之前之前 2.在在It+be+短时间短时间+before句型中句型中 主句是主句是肯定句肯定句式时：式时：“（多久之后多久之后）才）才”主句是主句是否定句否定句式时：式时：“（过不了多久过不了多久）就）就”3.“还没来得及，就还没来得及，就”4.“趁趁”Before they got to the bus stop,the bus had gone.在在.之前之前It will be 5 years before he returns to his motherland.多久之后才多久之后才We waited a long time before he came out.多久之后才多久之后才4.It wont be long before we meet again.过不了多久就过不了多久就5.He died before he wrote a will.还没来得及还没来得及6.Catch him before he escapes.趁着趁着7.Please write it down before you forget it.趁着趁着五五.till,until和和notuntil：1.主句是主句是肯定句肯定句时，时，主句的动词必是主句的动词必是延续性动词延续性动词，表示，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是从句引导词是 till/until都行。如：都行。如：We waited until/till he came.2主句是主句是否定句否定句时，时，主句谓语动词主句谓语动词是非延续性动词是非延续性动词，表，表示示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词，从句引导词通常用通常用until。如：。如：He wont go to bed until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.倒装倒装 六.Since 的用法 since+时间时间since then ever since It is/has been+时间段时间段 since did译为译为“既然既然”时引导原因状从时引导原因状从主句谓动用主句谓动用现在完成时现在完成时，从句谓动用从句谓动用一般过去时一般过去时，译为译为“自从自从”Mr li has been here since 1998.Mr li has been here since he came back.Its/has been two years since we arrived here.It is three years since he lived here.他他不在不在这儿住三年了。这儿住三年了。It is two years since he smoked.他他不吸烟不吸烟已有两年了。已有两年了。It is two years since he began to smoke.他他吸烟吸烟有两年了。有两年了。as soon asthe momentthe minutethe secondthe instantimmediatelydirectlyinstantlyno sooner thanhardly/scarcelywhen七七.可以译为可以译为“一一就就”的连词的连词1.As soon as he arrives,I will tell him.2.The moment I saw him,I recognized him.3.I left immediately the clock struck 5.4.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.5.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.时态、搭配、倒装时态、搭配、倒装 一些含有一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语的名词短语可以引导时间状语1.Next time you come,please bring your composition2.The first time I climbed onto the wall,I felt nervous.3.You are welcome to come back any time you want to.4.The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up.5.By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.时态时态 二。二。地点状语从句地点状语从句1.地点状语从句有where,wherever引导。1.We must camp where we can get water.2.I will follow you wherever you go.3.Where there is a river,there is a city.4.I will go where he went.5.I will stay with you wherever he goes.2.地点状语从句 The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。地点状语从句常见的连词有：1.where 在地方，2.wherever 无论在地方，(1)Make a mark-you have problems.(2)I will find him-he may be.wherewherever3地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者事竟成。有志者事竟成。Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。Go back where you came from.Go back to the place where you came.【例1】_ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend.A.What B.Where C.Whether D.Wherever【例2】She found her calculator _ she lost it.A.that B.where C.in which D.when【例3】This is the factory _ her mother worked last year A.that B.where C.in which D.wherever三。三。原因状语从句原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词引导原因状语从句的连词 considering/seeing(that)“鉴于，考虑到鉴于，考虑到“，也可引导原因状语从句也可引导原因状语从句Because 表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因.即可以回答即可以回答why的提问，又可以放在强调句型的提问，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。中成为被强调的部分。I cant go,because Im ill.He failed because he was too careful.It is because you are lazy that you have lost the job.because1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.The ship changed its course because of the storm.2)Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.He was ill,so he didnt go to school.Being ill,he didnt go to school.I didnt help him not because I was unwilling,but because I was unable to do it.(不是因为不是因为而是因为而是因为)2.You should not laugh at him because he is poor 3.The country is not strong because it is big.（不因就）Since 引导的语气次于引导的语气次于because，表示稍加分析后，表示稍加分析后推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。“既然，鉴于既然，鉴于”常放于句首。常放于句首。Since no one is against it,lets carry out the plan.As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。一般放句首。一般放句首。As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.For 属于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而属于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的理由。常放于句末。理由。常放于句末。He must be ill,for he is absent today.The spring is coming,for the birds are singing.Now that 用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以推论，位于句首，推论，位于句首，that 可省略。可省略。“既然，鉴既然，鉴于于”Now(that)everybody is here,lets begin.Seeing(that);considering(that)Seeing/considering(that)he is so young,that is excusable(可原谅的）可原谅的）鉴于鉴于他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。1.This was _ she was absent from school.2.That was _ she was ill yesterday.3.The reason _ she couldnt finish her homework is not_she forgot to do her homework,but _ she was busy nursing a sick classmate.4.How can he get good grades when he wont study?whybecausewhythatthatwhen“既然既然”表示原因表示原因四。四。目的状语从句目的状语从句引导引导目的状语目的状语的连词有的连词有so;so that;in order that;in case;for fear that;lest目的状语从句中的目的状语从句中的谓语动词谓语动词通常使用情态动词通常使用情态动词can,could,may,might,should,wouldWe sit nearer the front so(that)we can hear better.Come early in order that/so that you can see him.He put his money in the safe for fear that it should be stolen.(他把钱放在保险箱里他把钱放在保险箱里生怕生怕/以防以防被盗被盗)1.He runs fast in order to/so as to arrive there early.Take an umbrella in case it rains.（以防）（以防）It may not rain,but youd better take an umbrella in case.（以防万一）（以防万一）Take an umbrella in case of rain.(介词介词）In case 后的从句使用后的从句使用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来，或使用表示将来，或使用一一般过去时般过去时表示过去将来，也可用表示过去将来，也可用情态动词情态动词，或者从或者从句中使用句中使用should,should也可以省略。也可以省略。Take an umbrella in case it rains.He left early in case he(should)miss the last train.他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。五五。结果状语从句。结果状语从句 结果状语从句连词：结果状语从句连词：so that;such that;so that1.She was so happy that she cried.2.She worked very hard,so that she became rich in a very short time.(她努力工作很快就致富了。她努力工作很快就致富了。)3.He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.So 为副词，修饰形容词，副词，为副词，修饰形容词，副词，Such 为形容词，修饰名词。为形容词，修饰名词。So+adj.So+adj.+a/an+单单n.So+many/few+复数复数n.+thatSo+much/little（多少）（多少）+不可数不可数n.+that Such+a/an+adj.+单单n.+that Such+adj.+复数复数n.+thatSuch+adj.+不可数不可数n.+thatHe was so honest that we all trust him.He was such an honest man that we all trust him.There was so much work that we couldnt finish it.There were so many people that we couldnt get in.It was such nice weather that we want to go out.So that.;Such that 句型中，句型中，so,such 位于位于句首，主句须句首，主句须部分倒装部分倒装So terrible was the storm that some houses were destroyed.Such is the power of the TV that it makes a person famous in one night.结果状语的表达方式1.He is clever and honest,_ _all of us like him.(make)2.I hurried to the airport,only _that my friend had gone already.(tell)3.tooto（太（太而不能而不能）enough to（达到某种程度可以（达到某种程度可以）soas to(那么那么以至于）以至于）He got up so late that he missed the bus.He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.makingto be told六。六。条件状语从句条件状语从句.if，unless，so/as long as，once，in case(that)2.on condition that (条件是条件是)suppose/supposing(that)(假设假设,如果如果)provided/providing(that)(如果如果)as far asso far as when 引导条件状语从句的连词：引导条件状语从句的连词：if not只要只要一旦一旦万一万一I.if 1)If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harder,and you will succeed.Work harder,or you wont succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.时态时态:主将从现主将从现 有时表示条件的有时表示条件的if之后可能用之后可能用will，但那不，但那不是将来时态是将来时态,而是表示而是表示意愿或委婉意愿或委婉的请求的请求(will为情态动词为情态动词)：If you will wait a moment,Ill fetch the money.请等一下，我就去拿钱请等一下，我就去拿钱 2)If I had money,I would buy the car.If he had worked harder,he would have passed the exam.3)I wake up only if the alarm clock rings Only if I get a job,will I have enough money to go school.4)If only I were as clever as you!If only I knew her name._(虚拟虚拟).(只有只有)(要是要是就好了就好了)5)if 构成省略的惯用表达法构成省略的惯用表达法:if any if ever if so if not if necessary if possible Corrrect errors,if any.He seldom,if ever,goes to the movies by himself.如果有错误就请订正如果有错误就请订正.他不会单独去看电影他不会单独去看电影,如果有也很少如果有也很少.(如果有的话如果有的话)(如果曾经有的话如果曾经有的话)(如果是这样的话如果是这样的话)(如果不是这样的话如果不是这样的话)II.unless1)We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address.We cant write to Mary if she doesnt tell us her address.*III.as/so long as(只要)1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.2)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.*IV.on condition that（条件是）Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy.*V.in case(万一）Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains.In case I forget,please remind me about it.You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.A.before B.once C.until D.though 解析：题干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面试将会成功。用once，意思是：一旦，引导条件状语从句。答案：答案：BThe medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it.Aas Buntil Calthough Dif 解析：句意：这种药如果你热水送服，会更加有效。if引导条件状语从句。答案：D_you disagree with her，her idea is still worth considering.AIf only BEven if CInstead of DDespite of 解析：考查前后句的关系。句意为：“尽管”你不赞同她，可她的观点还是值得考虑的。答案：D七。七。方式状语从句方式状语从句7、方式状语从句：、方式状语从句：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.Do in Rome as the Romans do.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.观察引导观察引导方式状语从句方式状语从句的连词：的连词：别动它别动它(让它保持原来的样子让它保持原来的样子)as if/as though“似乎似乎,好像好像”引导的从句多用引导的从句多用虚拟虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。语气，但也可用陈述语气。He treats me as if I were his own son.He talked as if he had been to USAHe heard a noise as if someone was breathing.I feel as if I have a fever.总结总结：引导方式状语从句的连词：引导方式状语从句的连词：as 按照按照,像像 just as 正如正如,正像正像 as if=as though1 We must live _Leifeng lived.A like B as C as if D even if 2 Do remember that you must do everything _ you are told to.A what B which C as D if 八。八。让步状语从句让步状语从句常用引导词：常用引导词：although/though/even if/even thoughwhile（在句首）（在句首）as（必须倒装）（必须倒装）whatever/whenever/wherever/wh-everno matter what/when/wherewhether or（不管是（不管是还是还是)whether or not/whetheror not(不论是否不论是否)in spite of/despite/regardless of尽管尽管1.Although/though it was hot,he kept on working.Although/though I believe it,(yet)I must consider.注：注：though 也可用作也可用作adv.译：可是，然而（句末）译：可是，然而（句末）He said he would help me;he didnt,though.注注:不能用不能用but，但主句中可以用，但主句中可以用yet,still 他说他会帮我，但是他并没有帮我。他说他会帮我，但是他并没有帮我。2.even if/though 即使，纵使（含退一步设想）即使，纵使（含退一步设想）I ll go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.We wont be discouraged enen if(though)wefail ten times.Poor as/though he is,he is generous。Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Much as/though I love it,I will not buy it.Try as/though I might,I failed.3.adj./n/adv./v+as+主语主语+谓语谓语+其它其它4.wh-ever:让步状语从句让步状语从句 名词性从句名词性从句no matter wh-:让步状语从句让步状语从句判断判断:wh-ever 是否引导是否引导名词性从句名词性从句 （主语从句，宾语从句（主语从句，宾语从句 表语从句）表语从句）Whoever leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights You can take whatever you like.Whoever you are,you must obey the rules.No matter who you are,you must obey the rules._ whoever引导主语从句引导主语从句Whatever引导宾从引导宾从wh-ever在名词性从句中，主句中一定有一个成分在名词性从句中，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句中担任，且从句与主句之间要在从句中担任，且从句与主句之间没有逗号没有逗号。Wherever you go,I will follow you.Whatever you say,he wont believe.However much it may cost,I will buy it.You have to go on,whatever difficulties you come across No matter how much it may cost,I will buy it.no matter what difficulties 5 Whether we go to your place or stay here,weve still got to find something to eat.Whether you believe it or not,it is true.九。九。比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句的连词：的连词：asas(和和一样）一样）;not as/so as（和（和不一样）不一样）,the same as suchas than；the more the more 比较状语从句通常会结合比较状语从句通常会结合三个倍数三个倍数的表的表达句型进行考查，如：达句型进行考查，如：A是是B的三倍大有如下三种表达：的三倍大有如下三种表达：(1)A is twice bigger than B.(2)A is three times as big as B.(3)A is three times the size of B.1.A is倍数倍数adj比较级比较级(larger,heavier,more 等等)than B.2.A is倍数倍数asadj原级原级(large,heavy/many,much)as B 3.A is倍数倍数the表比较内容的名词表比较内容的名词(size,weight,area,width,length 等等)of B.注意注意:what 也可以引导比较状语从句也可以引导比较状语从句 A is to B what C is to D.A对于对于B就如同就如同C对于对于D一样重要一样重要e.g Air is to us what water is to fish.Reading is to the mind_ food is to the body.A what B that C which D of which状语从句省略，状语从句省略，从句主语与主句一样，又有从句主语与主句一样，又有be动词，动词，主系主系同同时省。时省。1.状语从句主语是状语从句主语是it，动词是，动词是be，it 和和be 同时省同时省略。略。1.Be careful when you are crossing the road.2.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.3.She talked as if she were absent minded.4.While I was in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Great Wall.5.Ill buy a TV set if it is necessary._ he heard this,he got very angry.2.I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river.3._ a child,he lived in the countryside.A.when B.while C.as对比训练对比训练 1 1A AB BC C1.We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2.She thought I was talking about her son,_,in fact,I was talking about my son.3.Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang.A.when B.while C.as D.during对比训练对比训练 2 2 A AB BA A1.Child _ she is,she know a lot.2.He did the experient _ he was told.3.The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper,but not _ good.A.during B.as C.so D.though E.both B and C 对比训练对比训练 3 3 E EB BB B1.He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town.2.We decide to finish the work on time,_ happens.3.If we work with a strong will,we overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.4.Ill give the book to _ likes English.A.whenever B.whoever C.whatever D.however对比训练对比训练 4 4 A AC CD DB B对比训练对比训练 5 5 1.It will be years _ we meet again.2.It is ten years _ I came to this town.3.It is ten years ago _ I came to this town.4.It was three oclock _ he left here.A.when B.that C.before D.sinceC CD DB BA对比训练对比训练 6 6 D DB BA A1._ it rains,the game will be played on time.2._ I was twenty,I had never been away from my hometown.3._ he were there,he couldnt help us.A.Even if B.Untill C.Till D.Unless 对比训练对比训练 7 7 Go and get your coat.It is _ you left it.2.You are free to go _ you like.A.there B.where C.wherever D.when B BC C对比训练对比训练 8 8 1.The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it.2.The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read.A.that B.which C.as D.so that AC CA A对比训练对比训练 9 9 1.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,no matter _ great it is.2.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.3.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,_ difficulty it is.4.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,no matter _ difficulty it is.A.what B.how C.however D.whateverB BC CD DA A101 结束语结束语