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1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part I Structure and Vocabulary Sections A Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points) The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, _ could go penniless by next year. A)the larger oneB)the larger of which C)the largest oneD)the largest of which Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. A)combinedB)having combinedC)combineD)being combined Andrew, my fathers younger brother, will not be at the picnic, _ to the familys disappointment. A)muchB)moreC)too muchD)much more I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A)wereB)had beenC)have beenD)was Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be _ near whats needed. A)everywhereB)somewhereC)nowhereD)anywhere The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates _ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. A)andB)asC)butD)or He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. _ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate. A)What littleB)So muchC)How muchD)So little Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled _ the decision made by our fellow countrymen. A)forB)onC)toD)in Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out. A)addingB)to have addedC)to addD)added The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly _ . A)noticedB)to be noticedC)being noticedD)to notice Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A),B),C)andD). Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points) Example: A number of A) foreign visitors were taken B) to the industrial exhibition which C) they saw D) many new products. Part C) is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.” So you should choose C). Although Professor Greens lectures usually ran over A) the fifty minute B) period, but none C) of his students even D) objected as they found his lectures both informative and interesting. When A) Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off B) all power C) in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of D) this great man. They pointed out A) the damage which B) they supposed that C) had been done by last nights D) storm. Because of A) the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me from swimming B) in the river unless C) someone agrees to watch D) over us. A great many A) teachers firmly B) believe that English is one of the poorest taught C) subjects in high schools at present. D) In this way these insects show an efficient use of their soundproduced A) ability, organizing B) two sounds delivered C) at a high rate as one call. D) I thought the technician was to blame A) for the blowing B) of the fuse, but I see now how C) I was D) mistaken. For him to be re elected, A) what is essential is not that his policy works, B) but that C) the public believe that it is. D) As far as A) I am concerned, his politics are B) rather conservative compared C) with other politicians. D) Id say whenever you are going A) after something that is belonging B) to you, anyone who is depriving C) you of the right to have it is criminal. D) Sections C Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Example: The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway. A)vanishedB)scattered C)abandonedD)rejected The sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose C). When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _. A)offB)asideC)outD)down The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce. A)in line withB)in terms ofC)in regard withD)by means of He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _ on what he promises. A)faithB)beliefC)creditD)reliance My students found the book _ it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject. A)enlighteningB)confusingC)distractingD)amusing Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _ down the economy. A)putB)settleC)dragD)knock In this factory the machines are not regulated _ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system. A)independentlyB)individuallyC)irrespectivelyD)irregularly Every chemical change either results from energy being sued to produce the change, or causes energy to be _ in some form. A)given offB)put outC)set offD)used up If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually _ . A)shrinkB)delayC)disperseD)sink American companies are evolving from massproduction manufacturing to _ enterprises.A)moveableB)changingC)flexibleD)varying If you know what the trouble is, why dont you help them to _ the situation? A)simplifyB)modifyC)verifyD)rectify I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning. A)figure outB)draw outC)look outD)work out I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _ . A)disapprovalB)rejectionC)refusalD)decline From this material we can _ hundreds of what you may call direct products. A)deriveB)discernC)diminishD)displace She had clearly no _ of doing any work, although she was very well paid. A)tendencyB)ambitionC)intentionD)willingness What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become _ a third time. A)clean and measurableB)notable and systematic C)pure and wholesomeD)clear and organic The public opinion was that the time was not _ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones. A)reasonableB)ripeC)readyD)practical Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the _ of hunger. A)sensationB)causeC)purposeD)motive For the new country to survive, _ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. A)to name a fewB)let aloneC)not to speakD)lets say Foreign disinvestment and the _ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy. A)displacementB)eliminationC)exclusionD)exception When a number of people _ together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands. A)padB)packC)squeezeD)cluster Part II Cloze Test Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A),B),C),D). Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay. One day at a time 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. 44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This 45 work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee. 41. A)swarm B)stride C)separate D)slip 42. A)For B)Because C)As D)Since43. A)from B)in C)on D)by 44. A)Even though B)Now that C)If only D)Provided that45. A)durable B)disposable C)available D)transferable 46. A)approach B)flow C)fashion D)trend 47. A)instantly B)reversely C)fundamentally D)sufficiently48. A)but B)while C)and D)whereas 49. A)imposed B)restricted C)illustrated D)confined 50. A)excitement B)conviction C)enthusiasm D)importance Part III Reading Comprehension Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A),B),C) and D). Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points) Passage 1 典型的新闻文章用隐蔽的方式表明态度：1、论述的主线 2、举例的方式It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.” The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says. From the second paragraph we learn that _ . A)the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries B)physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia C)changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law D)it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _. A)observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia B)similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries C)observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes D)the effecttaking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _. A)face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia B)experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient C)have an intense fear of terrible suffering D)undergo a cooling off period of seven days The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _. A)oppositionB)suspicionC)approvalD)indifference Passage 2 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and illmannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today 逻辑关系there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meant that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many American value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _. A)rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US B)small minded officials deserve a serious comment C)Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors D)most Americans are ready to offer help It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _. A)culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship 直接推理B)courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated 间接推理C)various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends D)social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _. A)to improve their hard lifeB)in view of their long distance travel C)to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD)out of a charitable impulse The tradition of hospitality to strangers _. A)tends to be superficial and artificial B)is generally well kept up in the United States C)is always understood properly D)was something to do with the busy tourist trails Passage 3 Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mindmanifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter ones state of consciousness. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that _. A)substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used B)“drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers C)alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine D)many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean _. A)widespreadB)overwhelmingC)piercingD)fashionable Physical dependence on certain substances results from _. A)uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time B)exclusive use of them for social purposes C)quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases D)careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms From the last paragraph we
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