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一、Types of words Common words Formal and technical words Nonstandard words Common words Used by ordinary people for ordinary purposes Most useful and is the core of English vocabulary Words we must learn and rememberExamplesbook desk thingcommon beautiful goodat in therework happen letFormal and technical words Used by people of special professions or fields on special occasions or for special purposes Including political words,legal words,technical words We should know some of them,especially those related to the field we will work in or be associated withExamples the Foreign Secretary 外交大臣 legislation 立法 millennium bug 千年虫 e-bank 电子银行 Shenzhou pre-paid card 神州行电话卡 Nonstandard words Used by people who are not well educated or by people of special group Changeable:some may be not understandable to the general and disappear,some may become acceptable and join the common words We need to understand them but avoid using them unless in special situations.Examples aint jolly cool hot deal damn neat Pa youngin tryin yousDistinction between common words and formal wordssamespeech learned destroyidentical oration eruditeannihilatestifftrypiecerigidendeavor fragment二、Style of paragraphCommon words informal style,medium style Formal and technical words formal style Nonstandard words informal styleExample 1 I saw a ghost,and I was frightened to mon words,informal styleI saw an apparition,and it reduced me to a condition of mental terror.formal words,formal styleExample 2 When the trolley came it was full.reached the post office.(by William Faulkner)common words,used to describe sth about daily lifeFive score years ago,to end the long night of their captivity.(by Martin Luther King)formal words,used for formal speech三、Choice of words Four GuidelinesUse common or informal words for general purposes;use formal or nonstandard words only on special occasions or for special purposes Use specific and concrete words when giving details;use general or abstract words when making summaries or generalize.Use idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations;avoid combinations that are unidiomatic.When there are synonyms,choose the word that expresses the meaning most exactly and that suits the content and style.Specific words:vivid,exact,interesting.Words we should make an effort to learn and use.General words:used to summarize or generalize sth.ExampleExamples animal:tiger,horse,fox,cat,mouse,bird,butterfly,insect laugh:chuckle,guffaw,giggle,roar,smile,grin,beam big:huge,great,large,vast,immense He has a big house.He has a two-storeyed house with four bedrooms,two living-rooms,a dining-room and a kitchen.He has a two-storeyed house with four bedrooms,two living-rooms,a dining-room and a kitchen.It is really a big house for one family.Idiomatic expressions:are those habitually used by native speakers.Avoid:Word-for-word translation Chinese English 大雪 big snow(F),heavy snow(T)3K党 the three Ks party(F),the Ku Klux Klan(T)His life has no law.Good good study,day day up.Give you some colour to see see.Welcome you to our school.Words are only roughly synonyms;difficult to find two words having exactly the same meaning.eg:little:fondness,常含感情色彩 a little girl 一个惹人喜爱的小姑娘 small:objective,没有感情色彩 a small girl 一个小姑娘
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