英语八大时态整理

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一、 时态1. 一般目前时(1) 概念:常常、反复发生的动作或行为及目前的某种状况。(2) 基本构造:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词要加上s/es)(3) 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays(4) 用法:常常性、习惯性动作。例:He always helps others. (她总是协助别人。)客观事实和普遍真理。例:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)表达一种按规定、筹划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表达“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表达将来时间的状语搭配使用。常用的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运营的交通方式。例:The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)(5)否认形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同步还原行为动词。(6)一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同步,还原行为动词。练习(exercises):1.I _ to school at 7 every morning.A. go B.went C.goes D.gone2. Action _(speak) louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩。)3. The meeting _(begin) at 9 oclock this morning.2.一般过去时(1) 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。(2) 基本构造:具有be动词,主语+was/were+. 不具有be动词,主语+动词过去式+.(3) 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.(4) 用法:表达过去某个时间发生的动作或状况。例:We visited a middle school yesterday. (我们昨天参观了一所初中。)表达过去习惯性动作。例:She often came to help us in those days. (那时她常常来协助我们。)特殊用法:由would/ used to do体现的句型,自身表达的就是过去时,意为过去常常。例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上。) He used to visit his mother once a week.(她此前总是每周看望一次她的妈妈。)有时可替代一般目前时,体现一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语调。例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?) Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)(5)否认形式:带be:主语+was/were not+动词原形+. 不带be:主语+didnt+动词原形+.(6)一般疑问句:含be动词,was或were放于句首; 不含be动词,用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同步还原行为动词原形。练习(exercises):1. At that time she _(is) very good at English.2. He _(run) across the road after school yesterday.3. 目迈进行时(1) 概念:表达现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。(2) 基本构造:Be动词、am/is/are+doing(3) 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.(4) 用法:表达现阶段始终在进行的动作。例:She is now teaching in a middle school. (她目前在一所初中教书。)表达说话时正在进行的动作。例:-What are you doing? -I am writing a letter. (我正在写信。)(5) 否认形式:be动词、am/is/are+not+doing.(6) 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。练习(exercises):1. Hurry up! We _(wait) for you. (快点!我们在等你。)2. He _(work) in a factory these days. 4. 过去进行时(1) 概念:表达过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。(2) 基本构造:was/were + doing(3) 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。(4) 用法:表达过去某时正在发生或进行的动作。例:When I came home yesterday, they were having dinner.(昨晚我回家的时候她们在吃晚饭。)表达过去某一阶段始终在进行的动作。例:They were building a bridge last winter.(她们去年冬天在建一座桥。)(5) 否认形式:was/were + not + doing.(6) 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。练习(exercises):1. Mary _(do) her homework at 7 p.m. yesterday.2. She _(clean) the house the whole afternoon yesterday. (她昨天整个下午都在打扫房子。)5. 目前完毕时(1) 概念:过去发生或已经完毕的动作对目前导致的影响或成果,或从过去已经开始,持续到目前的动作或状态。(2) 基本构造:have/has + done(3) 时间状语:recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.(4) 用法:表达动作到目前为止已经完毕或刚刚完毕。例:I have already finished my breakfast. (我已经吃完早饭了。)表达发生在过去但对目前仍有影响的动作或状况。例:John has broken his left leg. (约翰摔断了她的左腿。)表达从过去某时刻开始,持续到目前的动作或状况,并有也许会持续下去。一般要与表达一段时间的状语连用,如since+过去时间点,for+一段时间,by+目前时间等。例:He has lived here since 1960. (她从1960年开始就住在这儿了)(5) 否认形式:have/has + not + done.(6) 一般疑问句:have或has提前。练习(exercises):1. I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet.A. didnt sell B.sold C.havent sold D.would sell2. She _(find) her lost pen.3. He _(live) here for 10 years.6. 过去完毕时(1) 概念:以过去某个时间为原则,在此此前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完毕的行为,即“过去的过去”。(2) 基本构造:had + done.(3) 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),by the time.,etc.(4) 用法:表达一种动作或状态在过去某个时间此前已经完毕或结束。例:I had written the article when they came.(在她们来之前我已经写完文章了。)表达一种动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,始终延续到这一过去时间,并且到那时尚未结束,仍有继续下去的也许性。例:By six oclock they had worked 12 hours.(到六点为止她们已经工作了12小时了。)(5) 否认形式:had + not + done.(6) 一般疑问句:had放于句首。练习(exercises):1. Until then, his father _ from him for six months.A. didnt hear B.hasnt heard C.hasnt been hearing D.hadnt heard2. Tom hurried back home, but his mother _(die).7. 一般将来时(1) 概念:表达将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、筹划或准备做某事。(2) 基本构造:am/is/are + going to + do;will/shall + do.(3) 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.(4) 用法:表达将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例:I will send her a pencil case as a birthday gift.(我将要送她一种笔袋当作生日礼物。)表达打算、筹划或准备做某事。例:I am going to visit my aunt.(我打算去看我的阿姨。) It is going to rain tomorrow.(明天要下雨了。)特殊用法:有些动词,如:arrive, come, go, leave, start等表达位置转移的动词,可以用目迈进行体表达筹划、安排即将发生的动作或近来即将发生的动作。例:We are leaving on Friday.(我们将在周五离开。)I am going for a walk.(我要去散步了。)表达“即将”、“正要”时,可用be about to do,强调近期内或立即要做的事。例:Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别紧张,我立即就给你做一次仔细的检查。)Be to do 也可用来表达按筹划、安排即将发生的动作。例:I am to have tea with my friend this afternoon.(今天下午我要跟朋友去喝茶。)(5) 否认形式:am/is/are + not+going to; 在行为动词前加will/shall(will合用于所有人称, shall只用于第一人称)(6) 一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。练习(exercises):1. We _(go) out to play basketball tomorrow.2. The rain _(stop) this afternoon.8. 过去将来时(1) 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。(2) 基本构造:was/were + going to + do;would/should + do.(3) 时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.(4) 用法: 表达从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 例:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.(她说她第二天要去北京。) I asked who was going there. (我问谁要去那儿。)(5) 否认形式:was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.(6) 一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。练习(exercises):1. I said on Thursday I _(see) my friend the next day.我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。
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