Book6_U3_重点词汇讲解 (2)

重点词汇讲解本单元重点词汇讲解：1. and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage. (p34)ensure (ensured, ensured, ensuring) 保证；担保 +that+v-ing: To make sure or certain; insureensure success safety, supplies 保证成功安全，供应1) I cant ensure his being on time. 我不能保证他的准时。 2) I cant ensure that he will be there on time. 我不能担保他会及时到那儿。 3) This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep. 这药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。 使安全，保护 (+from/against)These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents. 这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故。 2. And everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky. (p34) 祝贺；恭喜 (+on/upon)1) I congratulate you on your great discovery. 我祝贺你的伟大发现。 2) I want to congratulate you with all my heart. 我衷心地祝贺你。 (后接oneself)自我庆幸 (+on)He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash. 他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。 3. Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks,tea and coffee,alcohol is not permitted at the wedding receptionin fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei. (p34)permit (permitted, permitted, permitting) 及物动词 vt. 允许，许可，准许O1+v.-ing O21) They permitted her to leave. 他们允许她离开。 2) I dont think they would permit this. 我想他们不会准许这事。 (不用被动式,常用物做主语)允许，容许These stores do not permit sales of alcoholic beverages. 这些商店不准出售含酒精饮料。 不及物动词 vi. 允许，容许(+of)1) I will write another novel if my eyes permit. 如果我的视力许可,我还要再写一本小说。 2) Well discuss both questions if time permits. 如果时间允许,我们将把两个问题都讨论一下。 拓展 allow与permit的用法区别(1)两者均可表示“允许”，其区别是 permit通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而allow通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。如： 1) Nothingispermitted;everythingisallowed.一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。 2) Thenurseallowedhimtoremainthere，thoughitwasnotpermitted.护士让他留在那儿，而按规定那是不许可的。 (2) 从用法上看，两者后接动词作宾语时，均要用动名词形式，而不能用不定式。如： 1) Wedontallowpermitswimminginthepool.我们不许在池子里游泳。 但是若其后接有名词或代词，那么其后须接不定式。如：2) Wedontallowpermitchildrentoswiminthepool.我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。prohibit vt. (prohibited, prohibited, prohibiting) prohibit sb. from doing sth. (以法令，规定等)禁止(+from)Smoking is prohibited in the office building. 办公楼内禁止抽烟。 妨碍，阻止；使不可能(+from)+v-ingThe high cost of the machine prohibits its widespread 拓展 prohibit，ban，forbid的用法区别bann/.vt .“禁止，禁令”(=formal prohibition)，指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，含谴责或不赞成的态度，通常搭配形式：ban . from sth./doing sth.。forbid vt. “禁止，不许”，普通用语，比prohibit通俗，用于较小事物，或个人、上级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，或客观条件不允许，通常搭配形式:forbid sb. to do sth.。prohibit vt.“禁止,不准”(=forbid by authority)，指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的 规定或规则，通常搭配形式：prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.。4. In Brunei that can cause offence, so we use our thumb to point. offence n. 犯罪，冒犯，违反，罪过，过错n. 军 攻击习惯用语an offence against 违反 commit an offence against 违反；破坏5. Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.adjust vt. 调节；改变以适应(+to)She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。 校正；校准；调整I must adjust my watch, its fast. 我的表快了，我得把它校准。 vi. 调整;校准 适应(+to)Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。拓展 adjust和adapt的区别：adjust：(1) 及物动词 vt. ：调节，使适合,校准 adjust a radio (dial) 调准收音机的选台指针 adjust color on a TV 调整电视的色彩 adjust ones tie in a mirror 照镜子整理领带 (2) 及物动词 vt. 使适合于to adjust a telescope to ones eye 调节望远镜使之适合眼睛观看 (3) 及物动词 vt. 调整 adjust a clock 调准时钟 adapt：及物动词 vt. ：(改装)使适合，改编。 make to fit in a new place; make fit for He adapted his old car engine to the boat. 他把他的旧汽车上的引擎用到那只船上。 adapt sth. for a particular use 使某物适合某一特殊用途 当表示：改变适应环境时adjust和adapt则差不多。常跟to 搭配。 1) The body adjusts itself to changes of temperature. 身体会自行适应温度的变化。 2) You must adjust yourself to new conditions. 你必须使自己适应新的环境。 3) He soon adjusted to army life. 他很快就适应了军队生活。 adapt oneself to a new job 使自己适应新的工作 adapt ones thinking to the new situation 使思想适应新形势6. Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.惯常的This is his accustomed hour to go to bed.这是他就寝的惯常时间。习惯于的 1) They are accustomed to this sort of work.他们惯于干这种工作。2) We have got accustomed to living in an air-conditioned room.我们对生活在有空调的房间里已习惯了。3) Im not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise. 我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。7. our customs are not always alike.形容词 作表语或后置定语，相象的The twins look very much alike. 这对双胞胎看上去非常相像。 拓展look like 是“看上去像，像，似，外貌特征是”1) Doesnt she look like her father? 2) No matter what the results of the homemade gift look like, remember its the thought that counts.look alike 的主语是俩个事物或人，不接宾语。意思是他们看起来相似。Eg. A and B look alike. look like 也是俩事物或人指看起来像。不过句子结构是A looks like B8. but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival. 1) The class teacher is usually familiar with his students.老师很熟悉他的学生拓展familiar to 和 familiar with 之间的区别：它们之间的区别familiar to 是指后者对前者的熟悉，familiar with指前者对后者的熟悉1) Im not familiar with this computer. 我不熟悉这台电脑。 2) His name is familiar to all of us. 他的名字是我们大家熟悉的。9. its a celebration that takes place on November 5th every year.1) Their celebrations at Christmas are not unlike our own.他们的圣诞节庆祝活动跟我们自己的并无不同.2) The whole nation joined in the celebration.全国都参加了庆祝活动。3) The party was in celebration of Mothers silver wedding. 聚会是为庆祝母亲的银婚。拓展 v. celebrate (celebrated celebrated celebrating)They celebrated his birthday with a dance party.他们举办舞会来祝贺他的生日。10. I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different.期待；预期UCThe dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone. 那条狗摇着尾巴,巴望吃肉骨头。 期望，预期的事物P1The reward fell short of our expectations. 奖励不符我们的希望。 前程Pa young artist with great expectations 有远大前程的青年艺术家 11. I have no idea what he will do with them all, and it took up a lot of time.开始(学习或某种爱好)；从事；提出；接受；占(时间，空间等)；拿起；接纳(乘客等)1) When did he take up football? 他是什么时候开始踢足球的? 2) The work took up all his time. 那工作花费了他所有的时间。 He will be able to take up his normal routine shortly. 他不久就能处理日常事务。拓展 take over 接收管，任 take to 爱，喜欢、嗜好，沉迷于 take on具有，呈现(某种性质、特征等) 担任(工作)，承担(责任) 雇用 take off取脱下， (飞机)起飞12. You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.帐，帐目，帐单CThe accounts show we have spent more than we received. 帐目显示我们已经入不敷出了。 帐户；客户CThe company is our best account. 这家公司是我们的最佳客户。 记述，描述；报导C(+of)The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident. 警察叙述了交通事故的经过。 解释，说明C(+of)John gave us a detailed account of his plan. 关于他的计划,约翰给我们作了详尽的说明。 根据，理由UHe got angry on this account. 由于这个缘故他生气了。 及物动词 vt. 把视为O9O8He accounted himself lucky. 他自认为很走运。 He was accounted a first-rate actor. 他被认为是一流演员。 不及物动词 vi. 报帐解释,说明;对负责(+for)He could not account for his absence from school. 他无法说清楚为什么旷课。 导致,产生(+for)Too much rain accounted for the poor crop. 太多的雨水导致庄稼歉收。