大学英语语法系列讲座--非谓语动词1

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大学英语语法系列讲座非谓语动词中国地质大学武汉外语系 许峰 非谓语动词也称非限定动词,是动词的非谓语形式。它在人称和数方面不受主语的限制,但也保存了动词的假设干特征,如时态变化、语态变化,可以带宾语,可以被状语修饰等。非谓语动词形式包括不定式、动名词和分词。第一节不定式不定式有两种形式:一是带to的不定式,一是不带to的不定式,后者即通常所谓的动词原形。动词不定式主要起名词、形容词和副词的作用,同时又保存了动词的某些特征。不定式在句中可用作主语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语等。一、动词不定式的形式动词不定式的形式如下表所示:时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doingto be being done完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doingto have been being done二、不定式的功用1.不定式作主语例1:To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。例2:To err is human,to forgive,divine.犯错误是人之常情,宽恕是超凡的。英语中常用it作形式主语,而将真实主语动词不定式放在谓语之后,从而形成“It+谓语+作主语的动词不定式结构。经典考点1:It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and knowledge.(CET-4,1996年1月)A)extensive B)expansive C)intensive D)expensive巧解此题应选A。四个选项的意思分别为A)广博的;B)扩展的,拓展的;C)精心的,专注的;D)昂贵的。全句意思是:一个称职的教师必须有良好的举止和渊博的知识。经典考点2:It took him several months to the wild horse.(CET-4,1995年6月)A)tend B)cultivate C)breed D)tame巧解此题应选D。四个选项的意思分别为:cultivate作“培养,培育讲;breed表示“饲养,繁殖;tend表示“易于;tame表示“驯服。全句意思是:他花了几个月时间才驯服了那匹野马。2.不定式作表语例1:The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers. 邮递员的任务就是投递信与报纸。例2:The book is said to have been translated into five foreign languages. 据说这本书已经翻译成了五种外语。经典考点1:Id rather read than watch television,the programs seem all the time.(CET-4,1997年1月)A)to get worse B)to be getting worseC)to have got worse D)getting worse巧解此题应选B。动词seem后应接动词不定式,词组all the time的意思为“始终,一直,相当于continuously,因此句中相应的动词一般要用进行式。全句意思是:我宁愿看书也不愿看电视,电视节目好似越来越差了。3.不定式作宾语某些及物动词后可以用不定式作宾语,这些常考动词如下表:agree,attempt,claim,decide,demand,ask,hesitate,beg,fail,care,consent,promise,desire,hope,intend,learn,offer,plan,refuse,prepare,pretend,strive,require,appear,arrange,expect,manage,tend,afford,wish,want,seem,struggle,swear,threaten,wait,undertake,guarantee等。例1:They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。经典考点1:Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble.(CET-4,1997年1月)A)making B)to makeC)to have made D)having made巧解此题应选B。动词mean在本句中的意思是“打算,相当于intend to do something,后面应接动词不定式。全句意思是:效劳台那里有一个人,看上去很气愤,我想他是存心找麻烦。经典考点2:The old couple decided to a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.(CET-4,1997年6月)A)adaptB)bringC)receiveD)adopt巧解此题应选D。adopt意为“抚养、收养;A项意为“使适应,使配合;B项意为“带来;C项意为“收到,均不合题意。全句意思为:这对老夫妇虽然已有自己的三个儿女,但他们还是决定收养一儿一女。4.不定式作定语不定式用作定语,通常置于其所修饰的名词和动词之后。用不定式作定语的常考名词如下表:failure,attempt,effort,plan,ability,desire,chance,permission,occasion,fun,capacity,honor,wish,opportunity,demand,way,refusal,responsibility,freedom,promise,inclination,anxiety等。例1:He has few occasion to speak French. 他很少有时机说法语。例2:I have no chance to get away. 我没有时机脱身。经典考点1:The pressure causes American to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.(CET-4,1997年6月)A)to compete B)competingC)to be competed D)having competed巧解此题应选A。这类能和不定式连用的名词(如上表)通常表示抽象概念,后接作定语的动词不定式表达其具体内容。在这种结构中,不能用分词形式。全句意思是:竞争的压力使美国人精力充分,但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。经典考点2:The project by the end of 2000,will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(CET-4,1999年6月)A) accomplished B)being accomplishedC)to be accomplished D)having been accomplished巧解此题应选C。不定式和分词都可作定语,但根据时间状语by the end of 2000,可知该定语应表示将来完成,故只有C项恰当。全句意思是:这项将于2000年前完工的工程将扩大该市的 网至1,000,000用户。注:如果不定式与其所修饰的名词或代词之间是动宾关系,我们称不定式为反射不定式。反射不定式如果是“不定式(及物动词、不及物动词、形容词)+介词结构,这里的介词一般不能省略。例1:I havent decided which hotel to stay at. 我还未决定住在哪个旅馆。例2:There are some things to be grateful for. 有一些事情应该为之感谢。经典考点1:Where should I send my application? The Personnel Office is the place .(考研,1985年)A)to send it B)send it toC)to send it to D)for sending it巧解此题应选C。该句中的不定式to send it to作定语,修饰the place。全句意思为:我应该把申请表寄往哪里?寄往人事办公室。经典考点2:I have got a loaf of bread:Now Im looking for a knife .(考研,1983年)A)to cut it with B)to cut with itC)with it to cut D)it to cut with巧解此题应选A。句中的不定式作后置定语,且不定式短语后跟介词with才能与前面的the knife形成介宾关系。全句意思为:我有一块面包,现在我在找一把刀来切它。5.不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、程度、方式、原因等。例1:You should eat to live,not live to eat.你应该为了活着而吃饭,不应该为了吃饭而活着。例2:She is too ready to find faults.她太喜欢吹毛求疵了。经典考点1:After twenty years abroad,William came back only how his hometown was damaged in an earthquake.(CET-4,1990年1月)A)to find out B)to have found outC)finding out D)to be finding out巧解此题应选A。此句中,only与不定式连用,常常表示未料到的结果或失望的结果。全句意思是:出国20年,威廉回国后,发现他的家乡在一次地震中毁于一旦。经典考点2:The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly (考研,1997年)A)noticedB)to be noticedC)being noticedD)to notice巧解此题应选B。此题测试soas to 引导的不定式作结果状语,并且不定式与其逻辑主语differences之间是被动关系,所以B项最恰当。此外,suchas to,enough to,only to,tooto等结构的不定式皆表结果。全句意思为:英式英语和美式英语之间的词汇和语法的区别甚微且甚少,人们几乎注意不到。6.不定式用作独立成分不定式用作独立成分,也可看成一种句子状语,常见的不定式短语有:to begin with,to tell the truth,to make a long story short(长话短说),to be brief(简言之),to be exact(精确地说),to be frank with(老实对你说),to say nothing of(姑且不讲),to conclude(总而言之),to sum up(总之)。例1:To begin with,I do not like the color. 首先,我不喜欢这个颜色。例2:To tell the truth,the film was a great disappointment to me. 说实在的,那部影片使我大失所望。经典考点1: it or not,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.(CET-4,1997年1月)A)Believe B)To believe C)Believing D)Believed巧解此题应选A。省略了to的不定式believe it or not在句中作独立成分,表示“信不信由你,是一个习惯用法。全句意思是:信不信由你,他的发现在科学界引起了轰动。经典考点2:For the new country to survive for its people to enjoy prosperity,new economic policies will be required.(考研,1997年)A)to name a few B)let aloneC)not to speak D)lets say巧解此题应选B。该句的不定式短语let alone作独立成分,表示“更不必说,相当于to say nothing of。全句意思是:姑且不谈如何使一个国家的人民享受繁荣,单就一个新兴国家的生存来说也必须制定新的经济政策。7.不定式作宾语补语当不定式作宾语补语时,宾语与用作宾语补语的不定式构成复合宾语,二者在逻辑上是主谓关系。常接不定式作宾语补语的常考动词如下表:force,hire,tell,require,teach,warn,allow,ask,beg,convince,expect,invite,order,permit,promise,instruct,prepare,urge,remind,want,advise,persuade,cause,dare,forbid,challenge,request,need,oblige,encourage,enable,compel等。例1:They urged the committee to make the decision soon. 他们竭力主张委员会尽快做出决定。例2:His conscience compelled him to confess. 他的良心迫使他成认。注:有一些动词后用作宾语补语的不定式通常不带to。这类动词通常有两类:一类是感观动词,另一类是使役动词。这类常考动词如下:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,smell,make,have,let等。例1:We observed the store keeper close the door early that day 我们观察到那天店主很早就关了门。例2:I would have you know that I am ill. 我想要你知道我病了。经典考点1:The children were surprised whenthe teacher had them their books unexpectedly.(CET-4,1990年1月)A)closed B)to close C)closing D)close巧解此题应选D。该句中的使役动词have接宾语补语时,不定式要省略to。全句意思是:当老师突然让孩子们把书合上时,他们都感到很吃惊。经典考点2:I have heard both teachers and students well of him.(CET-4,1999年6月)A)to speak B)spokenC)to have spoken D)speak巧解此题应选D。在感观动词hear后面作宾语补语的不定式应省略to。不过要注意,当这一不定式是to be时,那么to不能省。全句意思为:我曾听到老师和学生都称赞他。三、“for (of)+名词(或代词)+不定式结构在这个结构中,for或of引出不定式的逻辑主语。该结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。例1:For a child to do that job is inconceivable.让一个孩子做这项工作真是不可思议。例2:It is necessary for goods to be packed in strong cases.把货物包装在坚实的箱子里是有必要的。经典考点1:Experts say walking is one of the best way for a person to healthy.(考研,1993年)A)preserve B)stay C)maintain D)reserve巧解此题应选B。四个选项意义相近,但只有B项stay(此时作连系动词使用)可以接形容词healthy作表语,表达“保持健康之意。A、C、D三项都是及物动词,要接名词作宾语,应选B项。此题句意为:专家们说散步是让一个人保持身体健康的最好的方式之一。注:还有一种“形容词+of+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式结构。此类形容词多形容人物的品质、性格等。可用在该结构中的常考形容词如下表:honest,bad,stupid,bold,clever,cruel,courteous,nice,rude,sensible,tactful,thoughtful,wise,wrong,silly,thoughtless,foolish,rash等。例1:How silly of you to do that! 你干那事,真傻!例2:Its brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你冲进那着火的大楼救出婴儿,真勇敢!经典考点1:It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you it.(CET-4,1998年6月)A)mustnt have doneB)wouldnt have doneC)mightnt have done D)didnt have to do巧解此题应选D。全句意思是:你把这些碗都洗了,你真是太好了!但是你是没有必要洗的。四、there to be的应用there 可与不定式to be连用,作动词或介词for的宾语。例1:I dont want there to be any more trouble. 我不希望再产生麻烦。例2:Its too late for there to be any taxis. 太晚了,没有出租车了。经典考点1:It isnt cold enough for there a frost tonight,so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.(考研,1994年)A)would beB)beingC)wasD)to be巧解此题应选D。此题中的for there to be a frost tonight作状语,说明not cold enough的程度。全句意思是:今夜不会冷到下霜的程度,所以我可以平安地把吉姆的汽车停在外面。注:如果介词不是for而是其他介词,那么要用there being。例1:Whats the chance of there being an election this year? 今年进行选举的可能性有多大?例2:I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us. 我们之间产生一些误会是我的错。经典考点1:Anny never dreams of for her to be sent abroad very soon.(CET-4,1998年6月)A) there being a chance B)there to be a chanceC)there be a chance D)being a chance巧解此题应选A。dream of短语后应接动名词短语。全句意思为:安妮从来不敢想象她有时机很快被送往国外。五、“疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语,它在功能上相当于名词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语等。例1:When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。例2:He didnt know whether to go there or not. 他不知道是否该去那里。经典考点1:The mother didnt know who for the broken glass.(CET-6,1990年1月)A)will blame B)to blameC)blamed D)blames巧解此题应选B。动词know后常接“疑问词+不定式结构作宾语。此类动词常见的还有decide,doubt,wonder,learn,teach,discuss,learn,instruct等等。全句意思是:母亲不知道该批评谁打破了杯子。经典考点2:The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds his argument in favor of the new theory.(考研,1995年 CET-4 2000年6月)A)which to base on B)on which to baseC)to base on which D)which to be based on巧解此题应选B。该句中的on which to base his argument是“介词+which+不定式结构,用来修饰grounds。which前的on是to baseon短语结构将介词提前的结果。全句意思是:这位教授几乎找不到支持这个新理论的充足的理论根据。六、不带to的不定式在以下结构中常用不带to的不定式:had better,would rather,would sooner,rather than, would just as soon,may/might as well,can not but,other than,cannot help but,do nothing but,cannot choose but等。例1:No one could do other than admire it. 人人都不得不赞赏它。例2:Since youve read these books,we might as well sell them. 既然你已看过这些书,我们不如把它们卖了。经典考点1:Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people harm them.(CET-4,1993年6月)A)more than B)other thanC)rather than D)better than巧解此题应选C。全句意思是:核科学的开展应有益于人民而不是危害人民。注:在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词时,那么except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之那么接带to的动词不定式。例1:I have no choice but to accept the fact.我只得成认事实。例2:We have nothing to do now but wait.现在我们只得等待。例3:They desired nothing except to succeed.他们一心只想成功。七、不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。它在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、状语、补语等。例1:He is too young to have seen the old society. 他太年轻,没有见过旧社会。例2:I happened to have come across the book once. 我碰巧有一次见过这本书。经典考点1:The ancient Egyptians are supposed rockets to the moon.(CET-4,1996年6月)A)to send B)to be sending C)to have sent D)to have been sending巧解此题应选C。根据主语The ancient Egyptians可知,不定式动作send在句子谓语动作suppose之前发生,所以用不定式的完成式。全句意思是:据猜想,古代埃及人曾向月球发射过火箭。经典考点2:A Dream of The Red Chamber is said into dozens of languages in the last decade.(CET-4,1989年1月) A)to have been translated B)to be translated C)to translate D)to have translated巧解此题应选A。动词不定式to translate这一动作发生在谓语动作之前,而且该动作的客体是本句的主语,所以应当用完成式的被动式。全句意思是:据说?红楼梦?在过去10年中已经被翻译成数十种语言。注:不定式完成式亦可表过去未完成的动作。表示“过去想做而未做的事有以下三种表达方式:meant(intended,desired,hoped,planned等)+to have done sth.was(were)+to have done sth.had meant(intended,desired,hoped,planned等)+to do sth.八、不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动作同时发生的动作。例1:The children pretended to be sleeping when the mother came in. 当母亲进来的时候,孩子们都假装睡着了。例2:Hes watching TV? Hes supposed to be cleaning his room.(CET-4,1997年6月)他居然在看电视?他理应在清扫他的房间。经典考点1:I happened with him when he was hit by a ball and collapsed.(考研,1998年)A)talks B)to talk C)to be talking D)having talked巧解此题应选C。不定式to talk与谓语动词happen这一动作同时发生,所以应当用不定式的进行时态。全句意思是:当他被一个球击倒时,我碰巧正在与他谈话。九、不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。这种被动式形式可作句中的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。例1:I didnt expect to be invited. 我未曾指望受到邀请。例2:Its an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀请来这儿讲话。经典考点1:Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.A)to be given B)to be givingC)to have given D)having given巧解此题应选A。动词prefer后面可接名词、动名词和不定式,give一词后常接双宾语。根据整句话的内容,应该用give的被动形式,不定式的逻辑主语Mr. Johnson是动作的客体。全句意思是:约翰逊先生宁可被给予更重的活干。经典考点2:The second book was by August 1952,but two years later,the end was still nowhere in sight.(CET-6,1995年6月)A)completed B)to completeC)to have completed D)to have been completed巧解此题应选D。此句的考点是be to have done something结构表示将来完成时。判断的关键是by August 1952。另外,complete的逻辑主语是book,所以要用被动语态。全句意思是:第二本书原方案在1952年8月完成,但两年之后,何时结束还遥遥无期。十、不定式的否认式不定式的否认式由not加不定式构成。例1:He decided not to do that. 他决定不做那事。例2:It seems not to be right. 这似乎不对。经典考点1:I advised them to withdraw . (考研,1984年)A)so as to get not involved C)so that not to get involvedB)so as not to get involved D)as not to get involved巧解此题应选B。此题考点是so as to的否认形式so as not to,表示“以致于不。类似的表示目的的不定式短语还有in order not to。全句意思是:我建议他们离开而不要卷进这件事。第二节 动名词动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成,其构成法与现在分词一样。动名词既有动词性质又有名词性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语等。一、动名词的形式动名词的形式如下表:时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、动名词的功用1.动名词作主语动名词可位于句首,用作主语,表示一般概念,强调习惯性动作。例1:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。经典考点1:Finding a job in such a big company has always been his wildest dreams.(CET-4,1997年1月)A)under B)over C)above D)beyond巧解此题应选D。beyond意为“超出,出乎,为所不能及。全句意思是:在这样一个大公司找到工作一直是他不敢想象的。注:在一些句子中,常用it作形式主语,将用作真实主语的动名词放在句末。it is后可接no use, no good, fun等名词,也可接useless,nice,good,interesting等形容词。例1:Its great fun sailing a boat. 扬帆驾舟是十分有趣的。例2:Its good hearing English spoken. 听到人讲英语,我很快乐。经典考点1:There is no use over spilt milk.(考研,1983年)A)of being crying B)cryingC)to cry D)if you will cry巧解此题应选B。It is no use或There is no use结构中都应用动名词。全句意思是:木已成舟,懊悔无益。经典考点2:Its no use me not to worry.(CET-4,1989年1月)A)you tell B)your tellingC)for you to have told D)having told巧解此题应选B。Its no use doing something 是口语常用的一种句型。如果动名词带有行为主体,那么用代词所有格表示。全句意思是:你叫我别担忧,这是不可能的。2.动名词作宾语(1)某些及物动词后可接动名词作宾语,这些常见、常考的动词如下表:admit,appreciate,avoid,deny,enjoy,finish,miss, postpone,practice,quit,resent,resist,suggest,keep,complete,anticipate,discuss,mention,tolerate,understand,favor,escape,forgive,consider,prohibit,mind,dislike,acknowledge,fancy,defer,imagine等。例1:I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议换一种方法做此事。例2:The students anticipate having a good time in the Spring Festival at home.学生们预料春节在家里会过得很愉快。经典考点1:Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(CET-4,1995年6月)A)having been fined B)to have been finedC)being fined D)to be fined巧解此题应选C。escape后只能接动名词或名词,不接不定式,fine是及物动词,在这里要用被动语态,而且句子讲的是经常性动作,应当用一般时态。全句意思是:每当马克违反交通规那么时,他常常企图逃避罚款处分。经典考点2:People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor.(CET-4,1998年1月)A)to work B)to have workedC)working D)having worked巧解此题应选C。动词appreciate后面应接动名词,并且该句描述的是一般性动作,应当用一般时态。全句意思是:人们喜欢和他一起工作,因为他很有幽默感。(2)动名词做短语动词的宾语。在动名词作短语动词的宾语时,应特别注意在一些短语动词后的to究竟是介词,还是不定式符号。如在以下短语中的to都是介词:lead to,contribute to,devote to,object to,look forward to,dedicate to,confess to,be used to例1:They objected to leaving school and going to work.他们反对辍学去打工。例2:Janes summer vacation in England led to her marrying an Englishman. 简的暑假在英国度过,这使她嫁给了一个英国人。经典考点1:Im sure your suggestion will the problem.(CET-6,1991年6月) A) contribute to solving B)contribute to solve C)be contributed to solve D)be contributed to solving巧解此题应选A。contribute to中的to是介词,其后应接动名词,并且suggestion是该动词短语的主体,故要用主动语态。全句意思是:我确信你的建议将有助于我们解决这个问题。经典考点2:The match was cancelled because most of the members a match without a standard court.(CET-4,1991年6月)A)objected to have B)were objected to haveC)objected to having D)were objected to having巧解此题应该C。该句中的object是不及物动词,无被动语态。object to中的to是介词,后接动名词。全句意思是:比赛取消了,因为大多数人反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛。三、动名词的复合结构“名词所有格(或物主代词)+动名词,即构成动名词的复合结构。在该结构中,名词所有格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语,在句中可作主语或宾语。一般说来,该结构用作宾语时,对于有生命的名词来说,既可以用名词又可用名词所有格,但以直接使用名词为宜;对于无生命的名词来说,一般防止使用所有格;对于指代人的代词来说,使用其物主代词为宜。例1:Excuse my interrupting you.请原谅我打断你的话。例2:I was awakened by the door being opened.有人开门把我吵醒了。例3:I dont like strangers interfering in my affairs.我不喜欢局外人干预我的事。经典考点1:I remember to help us if we ever got into trouble.(CET-4,1993年6月)A)once offering B)him once offeringC)him to offer D)to offer him巧解此题应选B。remember doing sth.表示记得做过某事,这里的动名词短语作宾语,其逻辑主语用代词宾格him,也可用所有格his,remember todo sth.的含义是“记住,别忘记(尚未做的事),而不是“记得(做过的事)。全句意思是:我记得他曾主动提出,如果我们遇到麻烦,他会帮我们一把。经典考点2:Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture.(CET-4,1998年1月)A)to have students B)for students beingC)for students to be D)to students being巧解此题应选D。此题中be used to短语后接动名词,表示“习惯于。其中动名词短语being late for his lecture的逻辑主语是students,以名词所有格形式出现。全句意思是:尽管教授自己很准时,但对学生们上课时迟到的现象却习以为常。注:在以下句型或固定搭配中常用动名词be busy doing sth.have trouble (difficulty) in doing sth.There is no doing sth.cant help doing sth.There is no sense (point,harm,fun) in doing sth.Its no use (good) doing sth.There is not any doing sth.等等。例1:There is no knowing when he will come again.不知道他什么时候再来。例2:I cant help admiring his speech.我禁不住称赞他的演讲。经典考点1:Jean didnt have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination.(CET-4,1993年6月)A)to prepare B)to be preparedC)preparing D)being prepared巧解此题应选C。形容词busy表示“忙于做什么时,后面接动名词。全句意思是:琼昨晚没有时间去听音乐会,因为她忙于准备考试。经典考点2:Sometimes very young children have trouble fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist(CET-6,1995年6月)A)for separating B)to separateC)having separated D)separating巧解此题应选D。在have trouble(in) doing sth.结构中应用动名词,表示“干有困难。全句意思是:有时孩子难以将事实与虚构区分开,因而可能相信实际上存在这样的事情。四、动名词的完成式当动名词所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前时,该动名词要使用完成式。例1:His having left made the situation extremely hard for us.他一走使我们的处境极为困难。例2:I regret not having taken your advice.我懊悔没有听你的劝告。经典考点1:The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager of the company.(CET-4,1997年6月)A)have told B)be toldC)being told D)having told巧解此题应选D。动词confess后面可接介词to,也可省略to,直接接动名词和名词。此外,tell a lie这一行为必然发生在confess之前,所以用动名词的完成式。全句意思是:角落里的那个人成认自己对公司经理撒了谎。经典考点2:The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied in the area on the night of the fire.(CET-6,1996年1月)A)to be B)to have beenC)having been D)be巧解此题应选C。动词deny后面可接动名词和名词。因为句中有状语on the night of the fire,该句中动名词短语表示的动作应发生在deny这一动作之前。全句意思是:警察控告他放火烧毁那座建筑物,但他却否认在火灾当晚去过那里。五、动名词的被动式当动名词与被其修饰说明的名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系时,该动名词要使用被动式。例1:I couldnt help being moved by his speech. 我不得不为他的发言所感动。例2:I dont remember having ever been asked to answer the question. 我不记得曾经有人要我解答这个问题。经典考点1:I appreciate to your home.(CET-4,1991年6月)A)to be invited B)to have invitedC)having invited D)being invited巧解此题应选D。动词appreciate后面接动名词,表示“感谢。此外,动名词短语的逻辑主语是“I,它是invite这一动作的客体,所以应用被动态。全句意思是:感谢你邀请我到你家。(即:能被邀请到你家,我很感谢。)经典考点2:The squirrel was lucky that it just missed .(考研,1985年)A)catching B)to be caughtC)being caught D)to catch巧解此题应选C。miss后接动名词,表示“防止(灾难)、躲过,动名词短语动作catch与其逻辑主语squirrel之间是动宾关系,所以应当用动名词的被动式。全句意思是:这只松鼠很幸运没有被捉住。注:在某些动词后的动名词的主动形式可以表示被动含义。这些动词有need,require,want,deserve等等。例1:The question requires studying (to be studied). 这个问题需要研究。例2:The naughty boy deserves warning (to be warned). 这顽皮的男孩应当受到警告。经典考点1:Your hair wants .Youd better have it done tomorrow.(CET-4,1997年6月)A)cut B)to cut C)cutting D)being cut巧解此题应选C。句中的wants等于needs,是一种口语习惯说法,后接动名词主动式。这时动名词主动式有被动含义,动名词与主语之间是动宾关系
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