高考英语复习三大从句二

1(2013四川高考)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：现在人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为environment，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。2(2012全国卷)That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析：选B考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which I will tell you more about later是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作about的宾语，代指that evening。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。注意：先行词是地点名词时，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词时，关系词不一定用when；先行词是reason时，关系词不一定用why。试比较：This is the factory where I worked last year.This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.I will never forget the day when I worked with them.I will never forget the day (that/which) I spent with them.This is the reason why he was absent from school.This is the reason (that/which) he explained for his absence from school.以上例句中visit，spend和explain为及物动词，从句中缺少宾语，故应用that/which引导。定语从句中which与as的比较1(2013山东高考)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhere解析：选A考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该题为非限制性定语从句，所填词在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，where和when不能作主语，所以选as。2(2013天津高考)We have launched another manmade satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper.Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhat解析：选B考查非限制性定语从句。句意：今天的报纸报道了我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语。 which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember, guess, hope等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012福建高考) 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.(2010四川高考)大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。定语从句中who, whom与whose的比较1(2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.Awhom Bwho Cwhat Dwhich解析：选B考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句，故答案为B。2(2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhom 解析：选B考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，定语从句的先行词是a painter，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who。3(2011新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：这个奖项会颁给作品最富有想象力的那位作家。此处whose引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词the writer，表所属关系。故选C。that和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；what不能引导定语从句。who在引导的定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语，其中who也可以代替whom作宾语，但who不能位于介词后；who与whom只能指人，whose既可指人又可指物。试比较：He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.Do you know the man who(m) Mr. Black talked with just now?Do you know the man with whom Mr. Black talked just now?We live in the room, whose window faces the south.名词性从句中what与that的比较1(2013四川高考)_ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.AWhen BHow CWhat DThat解析：选C考查名词性从句。句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用what。2(2012江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.Awhether Bwhere Cwhich Dthat解析：选D考查连词。It occurs/occurred to sb. that .是固定句型，表示“某人突然想起”。it是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；what引导名词性从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较：What he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting.(what在从句中作宾语)他认为一个很好的提议在会议上被老板否决了。That Putin visited China led to the closer relationship between the two countries.(that不作任何成分)普京访问中国让两国之间的关系更加密切。名词性从句中whether与if的比较(2012天津高考)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.Awhether Bhow Cif Dwhen解析：选A考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口无论你向右转还是向左转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。句中的It是形式主语，whether引导主语从句。whether . or .意为“是还是，不管还是”。whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但与or或or not连用时只能用whether，从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。试比较：I wonder whether/if you would like to join us in the outing this weekend.I have no idea whether he will come to help us.Whether you can come or not makes a difference.名词性从句中whichever与whoever及whatever的比较1(2013江西高考)_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.AWhoever BWhatever CWhichever DWherever解析：选C考查主语从句。句意：你们中任何一人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中的one of you可知，此空要用whichever修饰one，指“你们中的任何一个人”。2(2012陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.Awhatever Bwhichever Cwhenever Dwherever解析：选B考查宾语从句。句意：提供给你五门功课，你可以自由选择最适合于你的课程。宾语从句中缺少主语，故排除C、D两项。因为前面已提出有五门课程，是有固定范围的，故用whichever。whatever是没有范围的，不符合题意。3(2012辽宁高考)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.Awherever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhichever解析：选C句意：这位新来的人前几天进入一家图书馆搜寻他能找到的有关马克吐温的东西。此处为介词for后面的宾语从句，且从句中缺少及物动词find的宾语。whichever侧重在已知项中进行选择，不合句意。故C项正确。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论的哪一个/哪一些”。试比较：We have plenty of books. You may take whichever you like.Its generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.Whichever of them gains the most points wins the competition.Whoever leaves the room last should close the door.名词性从句中who与whoever的比较(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.Awho Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever解析：选C考查连接代词。句意：我们承诺给参加聚会的人一个同电影明星照相的机会。此处考查宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故排除B、D两项。whoever 相当于anyone who，强调任何一个人，故选C。who在名词性从句中表示“谁”；whoever相当于anyone who或those who。试比较：Whoever breaks the law should be punished.Who broke the glass is still unknown.名词性从句中why与because的比较(2013安徽高考)From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether解析：选C考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。此处考查的是表语从句的引导词，主要涉及because和why引导表语从句时的区别。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为“前果后因”，应用because，故选C。why引导名词性从句时意思是“为什么”，可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句；because意思是“因为”，只引导表语从句。试比较：He was late. Thats because he was stuck in the traffic jam.He was stuck in the traffic jam. Thats why he was late.让步状语从句中as与although的比较1(2012陕西高考)Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough Bas Cwhile Dhowever解析：选B考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。2(2011天津高考)_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.AIf BAs CAlthough DUnless解析：选C考查连词。句意：尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。根据句意可知，此处是一个让步状语从句，故用 although 引导。although引导的让步状语从句为正常语序，而as引导的让步状语从句需倒装。试比较：Although he worked hard, he failed in the exam.Hard as he worked, he failed in the exam.时间状语从句中since与before的比较1(2013陕西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad.Asince Buntil Cbefore Dwhen解析：选A考查连词的用法。句意：自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。since“自从”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。2(2013湖南高考)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision.Aalthough Bbefore Cbecause Dunless解析：选B考查时间状语从句。句意：做任何决定之前你都要顾及自己的情感和理智。此处用before引导时间状语从句。“顾及自己的情感和理智”与“做任何决定”是一种先后关系，前者在后者之前，因此用before。since引导时间状语从句表示“自从以来”，主句常用完成时；before表示“在之前；还未就；还未来得及就”等，常构成句式：It was some time before .，It will be some time before .等。试比较：He hung up before I could explain what had happened. It is/has been three years since he came to work in our school.It will be two weeks before they finish the work.1(2013济南市一模)The Voice of China has set up a stage _ some people can achieve their dreams.Awhich Bwhere Cthat Dwhen解析：选B句意：中国好声音建起了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现他们的梦想。此处由where引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语。2(2013哈六中考前模拟)Would you be kind enough to help the boy _ Chinese is really hard to learn?Awho Bwhose Cfor whom Dwhich解析：选C句意：你能帮助这个男孩吗？对他来说汉语真的很难学。此处用for whom引导定语从句，表示“对这个男孩来说”。3(2013潍坊市高三二模)We should always bear in mind _ many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving.that Cwhich Dwhether解析：选B句意：我们应该牢记，很多事故都是由酒后驾驶造成的。此处由that引导bear的宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分。4(2013重庆一中高三二模)_ the citys public school system should be open to the children of migrant workers has become the focus of discussion. AThat BWhat CWhether DIf解析：选C句意：这个城市的公共教育系统是否应该向打工者的子女开放成为讨论的焦点。此处由whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，if表示“是否”时不能位于句首。5(2013德州市一模)Is the new job a real challenge for him?Well, _ difficulties he meets, I believe he will never lose heart.Awhenever B however Cwhichever Dwhatever解析：选D句意：“这个新工作对他来说是一个挑战吗？”“无论他遇到什么困难，我相信他都不会失去信心。”此处用whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，而whichever意为“无论哪一个”。6(2013洛阳市高三二模)The notice says _ you are, you must show your tickets to enter the exhibition.Awhoever Bwho Chowever Dwhom解析：选A句意：告示上说，无论你是谁，都必须出示票之后才能进展览馆。此处whoever相当于no matter who引导让步状语从句，意为“无论谁”。7(2013昆明市高三二模)The reason for his absence yesterday was _ he did have something to do.Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dbecause解析：选B句意：他昨天缺席的原因是他确实有事要做。考查the reason . was that .意为“的原因是”，注意，前面有reason时，不能用because作表语。8(2013成都七中考前模拟)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.Aafter Bbefore Csince Dwhen解析：选B句意：这方面的研究要花费琼和保罗5个月的时间。要过很长时间我们才能再见到他们。before此处意为：过一段时间之后才。“介词定语从句”中介词的选择及其后关系词的选择1(2011江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.Afor whichBwith which Cof which Dto which解析：选C句意：她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。 the construction of(的建筑)，which指代 the museum。 2(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.Awho Bwhose Cwhom Dwhich解析：选B考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与Professor Smith是所属关系，故用whose。3(2009陕西高考)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith which Cabout which Dinto which解析：选C考查定语从句。argue about sth.“对展开争论”，由此可知C项正确。1介词后的关系代词主要有which，whom和 whose。2在“介词定语从句”中，介词的选择常常依据下面三点：(1)根据语境选介词 (2)根据谓语部分的搭配选介词 (3)根据先行词选介词In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。(to与从句谓语动词构成搭配turn to“求助于”)Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which( whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。分隔式从句1(2012江苏高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhat解析：选B考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who。2(2012重庆高考)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.Awhy Bhow Cwhether Dthat解析：选D考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的，是evidence的同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故选连词that。3(2011天津高考)The days are gone_ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dwhich解析：选A考查定语从句。句意：体力是谋生所需的一切的日子已消逝了。根据句意可知此处是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The days，且when在从句中作时间状语，故选A项。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时为了行文的需要，先行词与定语从句直接也会被同位语、状语、谓语等成分分开，解决这类题目的关键是把分隔部分去掉，并能够正确查找先行词。同位语从句也有类似情况，且数量更多。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.(定语从句和先行词被in my school隔开)(2010湖南高考)我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从句与中心词news被came隔开)(2011辽宁高考)当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。从句中句子的语序1(2013新课标全国卷)“You cant judge a book by its cover，” _.Aas the saying goes old Bgoes as the old sayingCas the old saying goes Dgoes as old the saying解析：选C考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如古语所说，“你不能以貌取人”。此处as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。2(2011辽宁高考)No matter how_， it is not necessarily lifeless.Aa desert may be dry Bdry a desert may be Cmay a desert be dry Ddry may a desert be 解析：选B考查句子语序。句意：无论沙漠多么干，它并不一定没有生命存在。首先，how 后面紧跟的应是其修饰的形容词dry，故排除A、C两项；此外，此处要用陈述句语序，故B项正确。从句一般采用陈述语序，引导词及其修饰词置于从句句首，但注意有些时候要用倒装语序，如as/though引导的让步状语从句。What worries me most is that he is always changing his mind.最让我担忧的是他总是改变他的想法。1(2013兰州市高三二模)In the company, there are 150 members, _ one third are female.Ain whom Bin them Cof whom Dof them解析：选C句意：这个公司有150名员工，其中三分之一是女性。表示“的”用of；介词后用whom引导定语从句。2(2013开封市高三二模)My mother has two brothers, both of _ graduating from Beijing University.Awhom Bthem Cwhich Dwho解析：选A句意：我母亲有两个弟弟，都毕业于北京大学。此处为定语从句，排除B项；which不能指人，也应排除；who不能直接用于介词后，故答案为A。3(2013烟台市一模)A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.Athat Bwhich Cwith which Dto which解析：选D句意：一个好的广告经常使用一些被人们赋予积极意义的词汇。attach . to .意为“把依附于”，故选D。确定是否为三大从句1(2013浙江高考)The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.Aall of what Ball of which Call of them Dall of whom解析：选D考查定语从句。句中定语从句的先行词是the children，此处关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故应该用关系代词whom，故选D项。2(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhat解析：选C考查“介词which”引导的非限制性定语从句。句中的先行词是two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选them，则both前需要有并列连词and或者是独立主格结构(both of them made into .)。有时学生容易混淆定语从句与并列句，以至于无法判断是用人称代词还是关联词，解题的关键是看题干中的横线前有无and。试比较：They live in a small house, in front of which stands an orange tree.(定语从句)They live in a small house, and in front of it stands an orange tree.(并列句)The team is made up of 20 scientists, most of whom are from China.(定语从句)The team is made up of 20 scientists, and most of them are from China.(并列句)确定是何种从句1(2013陕西高考)_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThat CWhat DAs解析：选D考查非限制性定语从句。句意：对于孩子来说经常会有这样的情况发生，当医生到达时，Amy(比之前)好多了。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子，又因为在句首，所以要用as引导该定语从句，as在从句中作主语。2(2013重庆高考)_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.AThat BIt CWhat DWhich解析：选C考查主语从句。句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。“_ struck me most in the movie”为主语从句，所填词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，故用what引导。三大从句存在一定的关联性，应抓住关键点，确定是何从句。试比较：It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.(主语从句)As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.(定语从句)What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.(主语从句与表语从句)The news (that/which) they won the match is true.(同位语从句)The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句)This is such a difficult problem as few of us can solve.(定语从句)This is such a difficult problem that few of us can solve it.(结果状语从句)He has found the book (that/which) he lost.(定语从句)He has found the book where he lost it.(地点状语从句)根据三大从句各自的特点确定关联词1(2011陕西高考)_ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. ASince BWhile CIf DAs 解析：选B考查状语从句。句意：虽然他们都是很强的候选人，但是只有一个人能被选来担任这一职务。根据句意应该选B, while 此处意为“虽然” 引导让步状语从句。2(2011上海高考)There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.Awhat Bif Chow Dthat解析：选D考查同位语从句。句意：有确凿的证据表明，所有感觉中最难解释的是身体上的痛苦。分析句子结构可知空格处引导的是evidence的同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导。3(2010新课标全国卷)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dthat解析：选A考查定语从句。题干中先行词的后面有逗号，故后面的定语从句为非限制性定语从句，而定语从句中is前缺少主语，故只能用关系代词which。定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词之分；名词性从句连接词分为连词、连接代词和连接副词。状语从句的连词也有意义和结构之分，因此，选择关联词要综合各方面因素来考虑。注意以下几点：1what不能引导定语从句。2whether/if不能引导定语从句。3that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4that既可引导定语从句也可以引导同位语从句，但that在定语从句中可作主语、表语和宾语，而that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。5which在定语从句中常可以替换that，但在名词性从句中不可以替换。1(2013福建泉州质量检查)_ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.AWho BIt CAs DWhat解析：选D考查名词性从句。句意：我应该说，众所周知要长学问，就得多问。句中的I should say是插入语，因此空处应填引导主语从句的连词what。2(2013乌鲁木齐市第一中学考前模拟) _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.AIf BAs CBecause DWhile解析：选D句意：尽管因特网很有帮助，但我认为花太多的时间在上面不是一个好的主意。 此处while意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。3(2013长春市高三二模)_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.AWhether BThat CBecause DWhat解析：选B句意：她被邀请参加舞会使她很高兴。_ she was invited to the ball 为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，没有任何含义，只起连接词的作用，故选that。4(2013宝鸡市高三质检)We all like our English teacher, _ we have learned a lot.Aof which Bof whom Cfrom whom Dfrom that解析：选C句意：我们都喜欢英语老师，并且从他那里学到了很多东西。learn sth.from sb.意为“从某人那里学到”，定语从句中that不能直接放在介词后，故选C。5(2013昆明市高三二模)Do you think it wise for parents to do everything for their children?No. Thats _ theyre mistaken.Awhether BWhen Cwhat Dwhere解析：选D句意：“你认为父母为孩子们做所有的事情明智吗？”“不，那就是他们的错误所在。”此处由where引导表语从句且在从句中作地点状语。6(2013重庆一中高三二模)Tell your doctor with a detailed medical history _ he can give you the accurate treatment.Aeven if Bso that Cin case Das though解析：选B句意：你应该把病情详细地告诉医生，以便他能够做出准确的诊治。so that“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句。