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Unit 21 Body language考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语unfair; customer; avoid; suitcase; manage; fold; vary; crazy; part; firm; handshake; bow; fist; bend; tap; gently; anger; useless; occur; focus; specific; ahead of; give sb. a hand; get through; tear down; hold up; make a face; in order;句型While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. while 从句的用法And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend. 比较级表示最高级含义语法：v-ing 在句子中充当主语、宾语和表语 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握unfair; customer; avoid; suitcase; manage; fold; vary; crazy; part; firm;bow; fist; bend; tap; gently; anger; useless; occur; focus; specific; ahead of; give sb. a hand; get through; tear down; hold up; make a face; in order;等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握while 从句的用法；比较级表示最高级含义的用法；v-ing 在句子中充当主语、宾语和表语的用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. The customer said “I dont want to talk ”by avoiding eye contact.avoid 的用法：派生词: avoidable adj. 可以避免的 avoidance n. 逃避；回避知识梳理:避免，防止She braked suddenly and avoided an accident.她紧急刹车,避免了一场车祸。(2) 回避；避开；躲避She kept avoiding my eyes over the conversation.在谈话期间他一直躲避我的眼睛。相关归纳：(1)avoid doing sthShe succeeded in avoiding being dismissed by his boss.她成功的避免了被老板解雇。(2)avoid sb/sth like the plague 像躲瘟疫一样避开He is always lending money, so we avoid him like the plague他总是借钱，因此我们像躲瘟疫一样避开他。2. Somebody is late for s flight and wants to go ahead of the queue.ahead of 的用法：在前头；早于；超过，优于She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.她在班上总是遥遥领先。The time in London is 5 hours ahead of the time in New York.伦敦的时间比纽约时间早5个小时。相关归纳：(1)ahead of time / schedule=in advance 提前we has booked two tickets ahead of time.我们已经提前预定了两张票。(2)Go ahead! 前进，有进展，请便If you think you can settle the problem, go ahead！如果你认为你能解决这个问题，那就干吧！This may mean that he s telling the truth.tell the truth 讲实话，常以不定式的形式出现，在句中做插入语。To tell (you) the truth, I dont agree with what you said.给你说实话， 我不同意你说的话。tell的用法(1)tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人Mother told the child an amusing story.母亲告诉孩子了一个有趣的故事。(2)tell sb of / about sth 告诉某人He told us of the accident that happened yesterday.他给我们讲了一个发生在昨天的事故。(3)tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人The teacher told Tom to clean the blackboard.老师叫汤姆擦黑板。(4)tell sth. 断定（与can/could/be able to连用）(5)tell a lie = tell lies 说谎He is always telling a lie.他总是撒谎。(6)tell A from B 把A与B分开The twins are so alike that I cant tell one from the other.那对双胞胎太像了以致我不能把他们区分开。(7)tell. apart. 分清，区分The twins are so alike that I cant tell them apart.那对双胞胎太像了以致我不能把他们区分开。(8)for what I can tell 据我所知For what I can tell, Tom wont come to attend the meeting.据我所知，汤姆将不来参加会议了。(9)There is no telling. 无法知道；难以预料。There is no telling what the weather will be like 100 years away.无法知道100年以后天气会怎么样。3. No thanks. I can manage it myself.manage 的用法：派生词:management 经营；管理；操作 manager经理知识梳理:(1)经营；管理（同义词：operate）；操纵He is managing the business for his father. 他在代他父亲做生意。(2) （与can/could/be able to连用）对付；设法做成；设法维持He couldnt manage his horse, and it threw him to the ground.他驾驭不了他的马，马把他摔在地上了。Can you manage another cake?你还能再吃个蛋糕吗？相关归纳：(1)manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.=be successful in doing sth.=do sth. successfully设法做成某事；He managed to organize a live concert.= He succeed in organizing a live concert.他设法组织了一次现场直播的音乐会。(2)try to do sth.= attempt to do sth=seek to sth表示尽力做某事，但很可能内成功try doing sth.试图做某事但不知道最终的结果They attempted to finish the task before July.他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。He sought to speak to her.他寻找机会与她说话。4. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.vary 的用法：派生词：(1)various adj. 不同的;各种各样的,形形色色的Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。(2)varied adj. 各种各样的;不相同的Many varied motives prompt individuals to join a political party.促使人们加入政党的动机许许多多且各不相同。(3)variety . 多样化,变化; 种种What other ways do you know to add variety?你知道其他增加变化的方法吗?People like to live a life full of variety.人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。He has a variety of interests.他有多种爱好。知识梳理：(1)vt.使不同;变更;修改He never varied his habits.他从未改变过自己的习惯。多样化Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.为了增加趣味,教师应该使自己的课多样化。(2.)vi.变化;呈多样化That sort of thing varies from person to person.那种事因人而异。5. In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero.gesture的用法：(1)n. 姿势;手势; 姿态,表示He raised his hands in a gesture of despair.他举起双手表示绝望。We hold a party for our new colleagues as a gesture of friendship.我们为新同事举办了一个聚会,以示友善。Handshake is a gesture of friendship.握手是一种友好的表示。(2)vi. 做手势,用动作示意She was gesturing so excitedly that I knew something was wrong.她如此激动地打着手势,我就知道出了问题。(3)vt.用手势(或动作)表示I gestured the child over.我朝孩子打手势叫他过来。6. There are also differences as to how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.(1)注意区别as to和as foras to 至于，对于as to 后可以接名词，动名词，疑问词+不定式，或名词性从句。该结构可以位于句首，句中，句未。as for至于，对于as for 后只可以接名词，动名词。该结构只位于句首。As to/As for money, he is indifferent. 至于钱，他漠不关心。She was at a loss as to how to explain it.她全然不知道该如何说明这件事。I enjoy going to the movies. But as to/as for the theater, I prefer staying at home.我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿留在家里。7. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.get through的用法：(1) 完成（工作）vt.How long does it take you to get through the job?你完成这件工作要花多少时间?(2) 通过(考试、议案等) vi. / vt.Tom failed but his sister got through.He got through the driving license test last week.(3) 穿越；穿过 vt.The alley ahead is narrow, so a truck cant get through it.前面的巷子很窄，所以卡车没办法通过。(4) 给接通电话; 接通（电话） vt./vi.A little patience, and Ill get you through.耐心一点，我就给你接通电话。I called all day yesterday, but I couldnt get through (to you).昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没办法联络到你。8. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.tear的用法：(1)n. 泪水（常用复数）be wet with tears 眼泪汪汪burst into tears 放声大哭Hearing his voice, she burst into tears.听到他的声音，她放生大哭起来。in tears（表示状态）哭泣We found her in tears.我们发现她在哭crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪（假悲伤）She shed crocodile tears when she dismissed him from his job.她把他解雇时，流出了鳄鱼的眼泪（假装难过）。(2)v. 撕扯，撕裂；飞奔，飞跑；强行使某人离开He tore the parcel open.他把包裹撕开。This cloth tears easily.这布料容易撕破。Her heart was torn by grief.她肝肠寸断。相关归纳：(1)tear in two把撕成两半Can you tear a sheet of paper in two?你能把一张纸撕成两半吗？(2)tearinto pieces 把撕成碎片The baby likes tearing paper into pieces.婴儿喜欢把纸撕成碎片。(3)tearopen 把撕开He tore the parcel open.他把包裹撕开。(4)tear oneself away（from sb./sth）舍不得离开某人/某事物Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk.你别舍不得离开电视了，出去散散步吧。The book was so interesting that I couldnt tear myself away from it.这本书如此有意思以至于我爱不释手。(5)tear down拆除They are tearing down the old houses.他们正在拆除旧房屋。(6)tear sth. up撕毁（文件等）She tore up all the letters he had sent her.她把他写来的信都撕了。9. Shuanghuang is popular in many parts of China.popular 的用法：(1)民众的;大众的Popular education is one of our major objectives.民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。(1) 得人心的,受欢迎的She is now a popular film star.她现在是有名的影星。(3)普通的,广为流传的,流行的Many young people love popular songs.许多年轻人喜爱流行歌曲。(4)通俗的,大众化的;(价格)低廉的BHe writes for a journal of popular science.他为一家大众科学杂志撰稿。短语归纳：be + popular with/amongThe young teacher is popular with/among his students.这个年轻老师深受学生的欢迎。10. When you write a story, you should give as many details as possible and put things in order,detail 的用法:(1) n. 细节;详情; 详述;细部He can probably tell us all the details we want.他也许能告诉我们所需的全部详情。She began to tell me the plot in great detail.她开始告诉我该阴谋的详情。(2)vt. 详述,详细说明The man detailed to us all the wonders he had seen in his travels.那人向我们详述了他旅途所见之奇事相关归纳：(1) in great detail 详细的(2)detailed adj. 详细的;精细的Think about the purpose and focus of your story.n.(1)焦点,焦距;聚光点CHe took out the binoculars and adjusted the focus.他取出双筒望远镜并调整了焦距。(2) (注意,活动等的)中心,集中点;重点the S(+of)The focus of this chapter is the American Revolution.本章的重点是讲美国独立战争。She always wants to be the focus of attention.她老想成为人们注意的中心。(3)(地震等的)震源;病灶The focus of the earthquake is eighty miles from our city.这次地震的震源在距我市八十英里的地方。vt.(1)调节(镜头等)的焦距You can focus your telescope on that distant television tower.你可以对着那座远方的电视塔调节望远镜的镜头。(2) focus sth. on sth. 把什么集中在某事上I cant focus my thoughts today.今天我的思想集中不起来。vi.(1)聚焦A defect of vision prevented him from focusing accurately.视力上的缺陷使他不能准确对焦。(2) focus on sth. 集中在某物上The beams of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.光束在空中移动,集中对准飞机11 Put numbers next to all the things in the order they occur.occur 的用法：派生词:occurrence n 发生；发生的事情知识梳理:(1) 发生; 出现It is said that the accident occurred at midnight.据说那次车祸是深夜发生的。He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.他得出结论日光在不同季节长短不同，鸟体内由此出现不同的变化。(2)(念头、想法等）想起An idea has occurred to me.我想起了一个主意。(3)存在Three misprints occur on the first page.第一页有三个地方印错。相关归纳：(1)sth occur to sb 某人发生什么事情；某人想起什么A brilliant idea occurred to me.我想到一个极好的主意。(2) It occurs to sb.that.It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。注意：“某人想起什么”的特殊表达方法：(1)sth occur to sb An idea has occurred to me.(2)sth strike sb A good idea struck me.(3)sb hit on/upon sth I hit on a good idea.概念提示重点/热点1：While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.尽管对身势语有许多不同的解释，有些动作却好像是全球化的。(1)while 此处不是引导时间状语从句，作“当时候”讲，也不是表对比，作“而，然而”讲，而是引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you.虽然我了解你的见解，我却不同意你。(2)而,然而(表示对比)I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。My brother is very tall while I am so short.我弟弟很高而我却这么矮。(表对比)(3)当.的时候,和.同时She listened closely while he read the letter.他读信时,她听得很仔细。Ill take care of your children while you are away.你不在时我会照顾你的孩子的。We must strike while the iron is hot.我们必须趁热打铁。易混易错点1：And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.比较级表示最高级含义1、比较级在否定句中表示最高级含义How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard a better voice.= She has the best voice Ive ever heard.她唱得多好啊！这是我听到的最美的歌喉。I have never read a more interesting novel.= It is the most interesting novel Ive ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的小说。Nobody can do the work better than he did.这项工作他做得最出色。2、比较级 + than + the other + 复数名词/ + any other + 单数名词/ + any of the other + 复数名词She goes to school earlier than the other girls.她比其他女孩早上学。He works harder than any other student.她学习最用功。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家3、比较级 + than + anything/ anyone elseGeorge did more work than anyone else.乔治干活最多。Tom cared more for money than for anything else汤姆最喜欢钱。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. I couldnt _. The line was busy.A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through变式1. Its surprising that they should _ most of the work in so little time.A. go through B. go around C. get in D. get through解析：1. get through这里表示接通电话。答案 D变式1. get through这里表示完成工作等。答案 D2. The other girls rushed _me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.A. from behind B. ahead ofC. next to D. close to解析：2本题考查ahead及其构成短语的用法和词义。ahead of 表示“在前面”、“超过”可以表示时间、地点，也可以表示一些抽象意义。答案：B3. The 22-year-old student _to stop her by the side of the road in the winter night and robbed her of her necklace.A. afforded B. wantedC. allowed D. managed变式1. The fire spread all over the house but they _ to escape from it before it was too late.A. managed B. succeeded C attempted D. sought变式2. At the bad news the lady _ a weak smile.A. managed B. succeeded C attempted D. sought解析：本题考查manage的词义和基本用法。manage后接不定式，表示“努力并且成功地做了某事”。答案：D变式1. 该题也是考查manage的词义和基本用法。manage后接不定式，表示“努力并且成功地做了某事”。如果选B要用动名词做宾语。答案：D变式2. 本题考查manage的词义和基本用法。Manage可以做“勉强挤出；勉强做出”。该题意思是“一听到坏消息，那个女士勉强挤出一丝笑容”。答案：D4. An eclipse of the sun_ when the moon passes between the earth and the sun.A. happened B. occurredC. appeared D. rose变式1. It _ to me that we should attend the 8 oclock meeting. Lets hurry, or we will be late.A. struck B. occurred C. happened D. came解析：4. 本题考查occur的词义以及它和一些近义词的区别。Happen表示“偶然发生”。occur可以表示“突然发生”，但不是意外。答案：B变式1. 考查句型“it occur to sb. That 从句”表示某人想起什么事情。答案：B5. He succeeded avoiding _ by apologizing to his teacher.A. punished B. being punished C. to be punished D. being punishment解析： avoid 后接名词或动名词做宾语，又由于他与惩罚之间是被动关系，所以答案选：B课后题：1. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was tal king about mydaughter.A. whom B. whereC. which D. while2. .The idea _ to him in his dream and he decided to carry it out.A. happened B. struck C. appeared D. occurred3. Do you think that mixed ability classes _ the better students?A. hold back B. hold up C. hold down D. hold off4.Dont _ the notice. It should be kept for a week.A. tear down B. put down C. turn down D. knock down5. The moment she _ the report tomorrow, she will hand in at once.A. finishes to write B. will finish C. finished writing D. finishes writing解析：1.选D 该题从结构上看似乎是考查非限定性定语从句中关系词的用法。但从前后两句的内容来看是考查并列连词。in fact插入句中有一定的迷惑作用，此处whiIe 作并列连词用，表示前后对照对比。全句的意思是：“她以为我在谈论她的女儿，而实际上，我是在谈论我的女儿。”2. sth occur to sb. 某人想起某事。答案：D3. 该句意思是“你认为混合能力班级会阻碍学生的发展吗？”hold up 阻碍；延缓。答案：B4. tear down “撕掉，撕下”符合题意。答案：A5. the moment引起时间状语从句，用一般现在时替代一般将来时。答案：D课后练习题A组：1. The other girls rushed _me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.A. from behind B. ahead ofC. next to D. close to2.He is so diligent a student that he is always his classmates in every subject.A. in advanceB. in front ofC. far ahead ofD. before3.Why are you so late?Bad luck. A car accident happened not far outside the town and we were on the way.A. stoppedB. keptC. held upD. held in4.I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5.We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to it.It might be valuable.A. hold on toB. keep up withC. turn toD. look after6.Be more about when you want us to come.A. specificB. specialC. especialD. specified7.They the old houses and built a shopping centre.A. tore downB. tore atC. tore apartD. tore up8.I the written papers but failed in the oral examination.A. got throughB. looked throughC. went throughD. lived through9 .I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother ill in hospital.A. is B. beingC. to be D. having been10.We live in the south of the city, and the Blacks live a little south.A. more B. aheadC. even D. further答案：1. B 本题考查ahead及其构成短语的用法和词义。ahead of 表示“在前面”、“超过”可以表示时间、地点，也可以表示一些抽象意义答案：B2.C 根据句意可知，此处意思应为“胜过，超过”，即be ahead of others,故选C。选项B、D一般指位置，in advance预先，故排除。3.C 由题意可知，我们在路上受阻，所以来晚了。而A项表示“被拦住（走不了）”。4.B would love后接不定式，排除C、D项；根据句意可知是表达对已经发生的事的意愿，须用不定式的完成式。5.A 从题意分析，此处应是“坚持不放，继续保留”之意。keep up with表示“与保持同一水平”，turn to意为“转向，查阅”。只有hold on to符合题意。6.A 句意为“请更具体地说明你要我们什么时候来”。Special,especial都表示“特别的，特殊的”意义，specified为specify（明确陈述逐一列举）的过去分词。7.A 句意为“他们拆掉旧房子，兴建购物中心。”tore at撕，tore up撕碎，如：She tore at the letter；then she tore it up.她撕信，之后撕碎了。tore apart撕开；The bird was torn apart by the two dogs.鸟儿被两条狗撕得粉碎。8.A “通过笔试考试”应用got through,相当于passed。look through查阅，浏览；go through经历，审阅，查看；live through活过一段时间，经历。它们都同句意不符。9.B “with +n.+分词短语”是一常用结构，通常在句中作状语或定语。10. D a little further south更往南一点。单词拼写：1.It is u for you to scold Kate. She has done nothing wrong.2.The storm was fierce，but the captain m to lead his crew to survive.3.Mom always tells me to try to (避免) accidents.4.I raised my hat to her and she (鞠躬) to me in return.5. He was a man g in manner but firm in action.答案：1. unfair 2. managed 3. avoid 4. bowed 5. gentleB组：一、 汉译英1. 我想到我们应该更经常地到那里去。2. 我尽量避免遇见他，因为他总是使我厌烦。3. 这本书很受学生欢迎。4. 我从未度过比这更让人担忧的一天了。5. 他很快地撕下这张布告。6. 你是否介意我把们打开呢？7. 我通过了昨天的英语测试8. 我提前完成了工作。答案：1. It occurred to me that we should go there more often.2. I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.3. The book is popular with his students.4. I have never spent a more worrying day.5. He tore down the notice quickly.6. Would you mind my opening the door?7. I got through yesterdays English test.8. I finished the job ahead of time.单句改错：1. As soon as your letter get through me, I will set.2. They all avoided mention that name.3. It struck to me that we should have a meeting.4. She is now a film star popular by young people.5. I like nothing best than swimming.答案：1. through 后加 to 2. mention 改为 mentioning 3. struck改为occurred4. by改为with 5. best改为better
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