2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题98（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题_makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak.问题1选项A.ThatB.The thingC.AllD.What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语，故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项the things少了作主语的关系代词（that），在定语从句中，做主语的关系代词是不能省略的，只有作宾语的关系代词能省略，所以B，C两项错误。2. 单选题Groups of police were _ all along the street where the Queen was to pass.问题1选项A.dispersedB.displacedC.dispensedD.discounted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispersed“分散”；B选项displaced“取代；移动位置”；C选项dispensed“分发”；D选项discounted“打折；不理会”。句意：成群的警察被_在女王要经过的街道上。这里A选项dispersed“分散”比较符合语境，指警察在街道上保护女王，符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题He thought that he might be able to avoid paying some of his taxes by taking advantages of the _ in the law.问题1选项A.circleB.misunderstandingC.exceptionD.loop holes【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circle“周期”；B选项misunderstanding“误解”；C选项exception“例外；异议”；D选项loop holes“漏洞”。句意：他认为他也许可以利用法律上的_来逃避缴纳一些税款。根据语境，这里是指钻法律的空子避税，D选项loop holes“漏洞”符合题意。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Did your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how todays students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first years findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didnt (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave “to enable me to get a good job” as their main reason for choosing high education. And 37 percent said that a degree was “part of my career plan”.A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice.“Medicine is one of those fields where its pretty likely youll get a job at the end. Thats a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening.” she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. “But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices,” the survey concludes.1. The main idea of the passage is that （ ）.2. “HE” in the 4th paragraph probably refers to （ ）.3. A young person coming from a non-professional household （ ）.4. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?5. It is implied that （ ）.问题1选项A.parents experience are more important for their childrens educationB.parents careers are vitally important for their childrens degreesC.students approach to higher education correlates with their parents educational experienceD.students career and employment prospects are decided by their parents问题2选项A.health education.B.higher employmentC.Harriet EdgeD.higher education问题3选项A.is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB.is more likely to choose vocational educationC.may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD.may choose to study for a professional degree问题4选项A.They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B.They are both the first-year students in university.C.Both of their parents lack college degrees.D.Both of them chose degrees for job security.问题5选项A.the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB.higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC.a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD.medicine is a field where every degree -holder can get a job【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的主旨可以定位到第一段第二句The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how todays students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation（今天的学生如何选择学习领域，毕业后做什么，家长的教育经历仍然很重要），C项“学生接受高等教育的方式与其父母的教育经历有关”与之相呼应。A项“父母的经验对孩子的教育更为重要”；B项“父母的职业对孩子的学位至关重要”；D项“学生的职业和就业前景由他们的父母决定”，A、B、D三项在文中未体现。2.判断推理题。全文的中心是围绕higher education来写的，由文章主旨可知，此处选D“高等教育”。A项“健康教育”和B项“更高的就业率”，二项在文中均未提及；C项Harriet Edge是人名，在文中是作为例子出现的，并不是文中的主旨，不符合题意。3. 细节事实题。定位到第五段A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.（一个来自经济拮据的非职业家庭的年轻人可能会发现，为了学习而学习是一种奢侈。这就解释了职业课程的爆炸式增长）由此可知，B项“非职业家庭的年轻人更容易选择职业教育”正确。A项“不太可能得到经济资助”，C项“可能会认为学习是一个好主意”，D项“可能选择攻读专业学位”，均属于无中生有项。4. 细节事实题。定位到第六段首先Kim Burnett chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, also wanted job security（金伯内特选择了健康研究管理和心理学的学位，以获得一份安全、高薪的工作。哈里特埃奇也希望工作有保障），由此可知两人的共同之处是D项“他们两个都选择了工作保障学位”；A项“由于家庭的影响，他们都选择了自己的专业”和B项“他们都是大学一年级的学生”文中并未提及，属于无中生有；C项“他们的父母都没有大学学位”文中第六段只提到了Harriet Edge的父母没有大学学位。5.推理判断题。第七段第一句Medicine is one of those fields where its pretty likely youll get a job at the end. Thats a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening（医学是一个很有可能最终找到工作的领域。这是一个很大的优势，因为五年研究后的债务水平将是可怕的），由此可知A项“医学学位的费用很高”正确。B项“高等教育在医学上的投资是不值得的”定位到第七段最后一句some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile（一些学生最终可能会觉得他们的高等教育投资不值得），所以B项错误。C项“没有家庭医学传统的学生不太可能选择医学”从第七段一二句Medicine is one of those fields where its pretty likely youll get a job at the end, Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly.（医学是一个很有可能最终找到工作的领域，许多专家认为，这种情况对那些没有家庭高等教育传统的人的影响要大得多），因此C项与文意相反，排除。D项“医学是一个每个学位持有者都能找到工作的领域”，文中并未提及。5. 单选题At about the same time, doctors began to understand _ together.问题1选项A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项that dirt and disease went符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eyeControlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals asDolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that _.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because _.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that _.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half-awake in order to _.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that _.问题1选项A.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds,B.half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.birds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest问题2选项A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions问题3选项A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror问题4选项A.alert themselves to the approaching enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD.avoid being swept away by rapid currents问题5选项A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第一句Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.（根据一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究，鸟类处于半睡眠状态，其中一个脑半球保持警戒，另一个脑半球用来睡觉或者控制这一侧大脑保持清醒。），可知鸟类可以控制自己的睡眠，所以C选项“鸟类可以有意识地控制他们的半脑睡眠”正确。A选项“发现半脑睡眠出现在很多鸟类身上”，B选项“半脑睡眠的特点是脑电波缓慢”和D选项“鸟类很少在休息的时候用整个大脑睡觉”：根据第二段第一句Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds.（早期的研究已经记录了很多鸟类的半脑睡眠。），可知这是早期研究的结果，故错误。推测因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies（动物在观察周围以提防敌人时进化出了半脑睡眠），可知动物因为要提防敌人保护自己而发展出来半脑睡眠，所以A选项“他们必须提防可能的攻击”正确。B选项“他们的大脑半球轮流休息”：这是半脑睡眠带来的影响和好处，而非原因，故错误。C选项“他们的大脑的两个半球是不同的结构”：文章没有提到鸟类的脑部结构是怎样的，故错误。D选项“他们必须时刻注意他们的同伴”：这属于半脑睡眠运用的地方和体现，而非原因，故错误。因此A选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.（镜子那边的那只眼睛闭上了，好像镜子里的那只眼睛是同伴，而另一只眼睛则一直睁开着。），可知即使没有真正的同伴在，鸟儿也会视镜子中的自己为同伴，不一定非得要和同伴一起睡觉，结合鸟类的半脑睡眠是因为保护自己，所以C选项“即使是一个想象中的同伴也会给鸟一种安全感”正确，B选项“为了安全起见，鸟儿喜欢成对睡觉”和D选项“一只宠物鸟喜欢看到自己在镜子里的倒影”错误。A选项“鸟儿成对打瞌睡的现象很普遍”：没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第七段最后一句Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.（也许保持一侧大脑清醒可以让睡着的动物偶尔浮出水面，以避免溺水。），可知一些水生哺乳动物为了在睡着时保持安全而发展出半睡眠状态，所以D选项“避免被急流冲走”正确。A选项“警惕接近的敌人”，B选项“偶尔从水里冒出来呼吸”和C选项“感知不断变化的环境”没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.语义推测题。根据第八段最后一句He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.（他推测，当我们进一步观察其他物种时，可能会发现更多的例子。），可知Jerome M. Siegel认为半脑睡眠可能也存在于其他生物，所以D选项“半脑睡眠是一种可能存在于其他物种中的现象”正确。A选项“半脑睡眠与寒冷天气有关”和C选项“大多数生活在寒冷地区的鸟类往往是半睡眠者”：这里的冰山一角和天气寒冷无关，故错误。B选项“半脑睡眠之谜即将被破解”：文章没有提到破解谜题，并且这还需要进一步研究，故错误。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题Im sure your research has _ this disease.问题1选项A.contributed to understanding ofB.contributed to understand ofC.been contributed to understand ofD.been contributed to understanding of【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解这种疾病。Im sure (that)+宾语从句，根据contribute的动作发生在过去、对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；根据contribute的动作是主动发生，确定用主动语态；根据of所属结构确定用名词性的understanding，A选项contributed to understanding of符合题意。B选项understand是动词词性，C选项和D选项中has been done是被动语态。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题The doctor has difficulty _ this infection.问题1选项A.for treadingB.to treatC.in treatingD.being treating【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：医生在治疗这个感染病上遇到困难。做某事遇到困难用sb. have difficulty (in) doing sth.，所以C选项in treating符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此C选项正确。9. 翻译题1. Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food.2. Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture.3. The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.4. Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone.5. Our linguistic (语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.【答案】1. 很多美国人持有严重扭曲且夸张的观点，即大多数食物都存在安全问题。2. 研究者如果不熟悉所研究的文化和族群，那就要特别注意，不要附加来自其自身文化的任何偏见。3. MBA诞生于20世纪，在绿树成荫的大学校园里，纯学术学科如哲学和文学占主导地位，而MBA往往标志着低俗的商业铜臭和贪婪。4. 我们的文化让大多数美国人不仅认为我们的语言通用，而且我们所使用的手势也人人可以理解。5. 我们对语言和文化所知甚少，也不在意其他国家已经形成的爱好、肢体语言、风俗和语言，这正使我们失去全球性的朋友，错过商机，丧失威信。10. 单选题Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake. According to a new study of seeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half-brain seep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the seeping hemisphere keeps shut. While the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep rather than total relaxation. More often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain.” the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds doing side-by-side in the 200 and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half- seeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins. Whales and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a seeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that （ ）.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because （ ）.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that （ ）.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half wake in order to （ ）.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2. Para. 8). Siegel suggests that （ ）.问题1选项A.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB.half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.birds can control their half brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest问题2选项A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions问题3选项A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror问题4选项A.alert themselves to the approaching enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD.avoid being swept away by rapid currents问题5选项A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目要求我们选出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birds that are literally half asleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake according to a new study of sleeping ducks（根据对一群睡眠中的鸭子的最新研究，处于半梦半醒之间的鸟能控制任何一侧的大脑，使其保持清醒状态）由此可知，C项“鸟类可以有意识地控制半脑睡眠”是最新的研究结论。而A“多种鸟类都有半脑睡眠”，B“半脑睡眠的特点是脑电波缓慢”，D“鸟类很少在睡觉时整个大脑都处于休息状态”三项中提到的内容在第二段Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds（早期的研究记录了很多鸟类的半脑睡眠），都不是最新的研究结果，而是早期的研究所以都应一一排除。2.细节事实与推断题。定位到文章第三段开头Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end-of-the-row sleepers.（数十年来对鸟群的研究使研究人员预测，在更易受伤害的睡眠者中，会有额外的警觉性）以及第六段第一句The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies（这些结果为长期以来的假设提供了最好的证据，即单半球睡眠是随着生物扫描敌人而演变而来的）。所以根据文段信息，选A“他们必须提防可能的袭击”。B项“他们的大脑半球轮流休息”，C项“他们大脑的两部分结构不同”，D项“他们必须时刻注意他们的同伴”，均不符合原文事实。3.判断推理题。题目问鸟儿在镜子前面睡觉的例子表明了什么。根据文章第六段The mirror-side eye closed as the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open(一只鸟儿靠着镜子睡觉。那只鸟对着镜子的那只眼睛是闭着的，仿佛镜中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼则是睁开的)，因此，C项“即使是一个想象中的伴侣也能给鸟一种安全感”与文中所提及的内容一致。A项“鸟儿成双成对打瞌睡的现象很普遍”和B项“为了安全起见，鸟儿喜欢成对睡觉”中的in pairs是对原文中的误读，鸟儿喜欢结群，但文章并未提及是成双成对睡觉。文中提到的一对鸟以及镜子前的一只鸟睡觉的情