2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师点拨押题密卷56（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。祖国的地下到处都是埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。不经一事，不长一智。青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考虑这些情况，恐怕就解决不好“代沟”问题。【答案】Without the reform and opening-up, the economic will not be well developed like today.There are rich mineral resources at underground of our motherland.If screw up, youll back to square one.A fall in the pit; a gain in the wit.The young differs from the old while the young women and old lady vary a lot, without attention to this, its hard to solve the “generation gap”.2. 单选题Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmerss representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material.Under Europes “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an entire shipment. The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard say 0.5 percentbeneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such “tolerances” operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and com were refused entry to the EU when they were found to contain small amounts of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen. owing to natural disaster in South America and a growing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. making screening more difficult than ever.A further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place. “Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter.” she says.1.European laws against GM products（ ）.2.Taking todays global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that（ ）.3.What is European farmers attitude to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.After some shipments are refused to be imported,（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?问题1选项A.manage to function wellB.bring troubles to farmersC.help farmers a lotD.allow food with GM material问题2选项A.GM material is possible to be preventedB.European laws are impracticalC.Only the international supply chain can workD.Goods should be prohibited once any GM stuff is found问题3选项A.They think its reasonable for people to worry about GMs influence.B.They think its understandable to set an absolute limit on GM products.C.They will be broken if EU help them to limit GM effect.D.They think 0.5 percent is too high a standard.问题4选项A.Trade is going down all the wayB.People still sign trade on timeC.Goods are getting more expensiveD.Merchants try risking trading again问题5选项A.Because the European officials are to be replacedB.Because the policy is the result of the intensive discussion.C.Because it wants to eliminate the doubts about the GM crops safety.D.Because the price of GM crops is very high.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长Pekka Pesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pekka Pesonen”定位到第二段的内容“Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“ The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“.introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops.（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑”。选项C符合原文。3. 单选题No one was（ ） in the accident.问题1选项A.injuredB.woundedC.sufferedD.handicapped【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项injure“伤害，损害”；B选项 wound“创伤，伤害”；C选项suffer“遭受”；D选项handicap“妨碍”。句意：在这次事故中没有人受伤。选项A和B都有受伤的意思，但injury指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害，wound一般指刀伤，枪伤，战场上受伤，也可指对感情的伤害，所以选项A更加恰当。4. 单选题They were accused of （ ）to overthrow the government and were sentenced to jail.问题1选项A.intrigueB.conspiracyC.plotD.sin【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项intrigue“阴谋，私通”；B选项conspiracy“阴谋，共谋”；C选项plot“情节”；D选项sin“罪恶”。句意：他们被指控共谋推翻政府，并被判入狱。conspiracy侧重于政治方面的阴谋，所以选项B更符合语境。5. 单选题Only a（ ）person would believe such an unlikely story about flying saucers.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.nonsensicalD.creditable【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。6. 单选题The foreign student in China is（ ）with a good deal of Chinese culture.问题1选项A.scatteredB.overflowedC.permeatedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项scattered“分散的，散乱的”；B选项overflowed“溢出的”；C选项permeated“渗透，弥漫”，be permeated with洋溢着；D选项manipulated“操作”。句意：在中国的外国学生洋溢着大量的中国文化气息。选项C更符合语境。7. 单选题The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problem of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates: has since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible; but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheat-rye triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that, even with extensive government support, they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. For example, the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects.The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical changethey completely disregard the substantial effects of culturethey are correct in stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agriculture can belly used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes.1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was able to assess the truth of which of the following statements about opaque-2 maize ?2.The passage mentions all of the following as factors important to the success of a new food crop EXCEPT the（ ）.3.According to the passage, the use of Antarctic krill as a food is an innovation whose future is（ ）.4.The first paragraph of the passage best supports which of the following statements?问题1选项A.It can be stored as easily as other varieties of maize.B.It is more popular than the wheat-rye hybrid triticale.C.It produces tortillas of greater protein content than do other varieties of maize.D.It is more susceptible to insects than are other varieties of maize.问题2选项A.practicality of storage of the cropB.security of the crop yieldC.quality of the crops proteinD.cultural acceptability of the crop问题3选项A.basically gloomy but still uncertainB.somewhat promising but very tentativeC.generally bright and virtually assuredD.tied to the Success of opaque-2 maize问题4选项A.Too much publicity can harm the chances for the success of a new food innovation.B.Innovations that produce culturally acceptable crops will generally be successful.C.A food-product innovation can be technically feasible and still not be economically viable.D.It is difficult to decide whether a food-product innovation has actually been a success.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段最后一句“the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects. 如果这种新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆虫的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米饼所含的蛋白质尽管质量较好，但对处于生存边缘的家庭所带来的利益将是有限的。”作者的重点在于强调它比其他玉米品种更容易受到昆虫的侵害，所以选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. 因此，一项成功的新技术必须适应它所处的整个社会文化系统。作物产量的安全性、储藏的实用性、风味和成本都比以前新技术的倡导者所认识到的要重要得多。”选项A，B，D均有所提及，所以本题选C。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Antarctic krill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheat-rye triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate. 最近的创新，如不透明玉米、南极磷虾和黑小麦似乎更有希望，但现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早。”所以选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。第一段最后一句指出“it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早”。选项A在文中没有提及；选项B太过于绝对；选项C表述过于片面，只有选项D能够全面的概括第一段的内容，所以正确。8. 单选题A comprehensive market system should be established to（ ）the flow of talent, funds and materials.问题1选项A.sufficeB.necessitateC.facilitateD.fabricate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项suffice“使满足”；B选项necessitate“使成为必需”；C选项facilitate“促进，帮助”；D选项fabricate“伪造”。句意：应该建立完善的市场体系促进人才、资金和物资的流动。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought. The gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the parties.This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. It started on Bastille Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18.000 heavily armed police. Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europes Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalization.Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some things are predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing.For the first time in a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the meantime, the global protest “movement” is developing its own language, texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains, just as the G8 leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters once disparate political and social analyses are converging. The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and development is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.But what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power.Their options apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them are to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or. more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses.Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings. Genoa may be the last of the European super-protests.1.According to the context, the word “parties” at the end of the first paragraph refers to（ ）.2.According to the passage, economic globalization is paralleled by（ ）.3.According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing ?问题1选项A.the meeting of the G8 leadersB.the protests on Bastille Day.C.the coming pan-European protestsD.the big protest to be held in Genoa问题2选项A.the emerging differences in the global protest movementB.the disappearing differences in the global protest movementC.the growing European concern about globalizationD.the increase in the number of protesters问题3选项A.Meeting in places difficult to reachB.Further repressing dissentC.Accepting the protesters agenda.D.Abandoning global meetings【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。结合上下文可知，这里的“parties”指的是第二段首句提及的“This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. 本周将有一场全欧洲的抗议盛宴。”选项C与原文表述一致，所以正确。2.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and development is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.各国政府和世界机构使资本和发展全球化的长期项目正在抗议的全球化中得到反映。”这句话的意思是对上文的总结，即全球抗议运动正在发展自己的语言、文字、议程、神话、英雄和坏人，就像G8领导人一样，世界各地的机构和企业越来越多地用同一套说辞进行对话。因此，抗议者曾经迥然不同的政治和社会分析正在合并。也就是说，他们之间的差异分歧正在逐步消除，因此选项B符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段第一句“Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings.布鲁塞尔正在考虑为国际会议建造一座超级堡垒。”这里的超级堡垒即上一段所提及的“retreat behind even higher barricades. 退到更高的街垒后面去。”也就是在难以到达的地方见面。选项A符合原文。10. 单选题I （ ）my eyes round the room but saw nothing unusual.问题1选项A.jerkedB.flungC.tossedD.cast【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项flung“猛推”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D选项cast“投掷”。cast ones eyes为固定搭配，意为“扫视”。句意：我环视了房间的四周，但没有发现什么异常。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题If you reveal your friends secrets, you will（ ） him.问题1选项A.lureB.disturbC.alienateD.control【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项lure“诱惑”；B选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；C选项alienate“使疏远”；D选项control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你将会和他疏远。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题Living in poverty, she sold for 1000 dollars the（ ） of her fathers first work, which made him famous.问题1选项A.manuscriptB.documentC.fileD.duplicate【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项manuscript“手稿，原稿”；B选项document“文件”；C选项file“文件，档案”；D选项duplicate“副本，复制品”。句意：由于生活贫困，她以1000美元的价格卖掉了她父亲第一部作品并且使之成名的手稿。选项A更符合语境。13. 单选题Go to inspect all the parts to find what was at （ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。四个选项都表示错误或问题的意思，但是题干中的介词是at，只有选项C能与之搭配。选项A的搭配为“be+wrong”，选项B和D和介词in搭配，所以选项C正确。句意：去检查所有的部件，看看哪里出了问题。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Lacking（ ）political goals, the two parties quarreled.问题1选项A.intricateB.coherentC.intrinsicD.distinct【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项intricate“复杂的”；B选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项distinct“明显的，独特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目标，两党发生了争吵。选项B更符合语境。15. 翻译题Put the following passages into Chinese:It is not possible for a mere award of money to put him in the position he would have enjoyed had the bargain been performed. The bargain must therefore be performed. But the courts rarely compel the specific performance of a contract, save where it is one for the sale of real estate, since every parcel of real property is deemed to be unique, special, and uniquely valuable to its owner. There are other kinds of contracts that can be specifically enforced, but their number is limited and dwindling in an unsentimental, commercial world in which the payment of money is usually deemed the proper remedy for every loss or disappointment suffered. Under certain circumstances, an aggrieved party can avoid a contract that he previously agreed to make. This is known as rescission or avoidance of the contract. By this relief, the parties are to be placed in the position in which they found themselves before the contract was made.Litigants have mutual incentives to save on litigation costs by settling out of court. They avoid uncertain trial outcomes and delays and can agree to keep settlements confidential. In some cases, settlements may be reached through alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as voluntary arbitration or mediation Generally, details of civil disputes settled before a trial are not reported to the courts and hence are not included in publicly available data Those data therefore show only part of the picturethere may be important differences between cases that go to trial and cases that settle out of court. For example, cases that go to trial probably involve larger dollar amounts, on average. Nevertheless, trial verdicts set precedents for all cases and thus affect the incentive to settle by signaling the value and probability of success to future litigants.【答案】仅仅是金钱判决不可能让他享有履行协议而带来的处境。因此，协议必须履行。但是，法院很少会强制协议的具体实施，除非协议是针对不动产的出售，因为每一份不动产对它的所有者而言被认为是独特的、特殊的和具有特别价值的。也有另外一些可以具体地被强制执行的协议，然而，在金钱经常被视为弥补所遭受损失或失望的合理手段的这个无情的商业世界里，这类协议的数量是有限的并一直