十八大热词MicrosoftWord文档(3)

Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Chinese president, delivers a keynote report during the opening ceremony of the 18th CPC National Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 8, 2012. The 18th CPC National Congress was opened in Beijing on Thursday. (Xinhua/Huang Jingwen)中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会11月8日上午在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。胡锦涛向大会作题为坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗的报告。BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) - Chinese leader Hu Jintao delivered a report on Thursday at the opening of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The following are key quotes from his report:On Scientific Outlook on Development科学发展观- The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice.总结十年奋斗历程，最重要的就是我们坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想为指导，于推进实践基础上的理论创新，围绕坚持和发展中国特色社会主义提出一系列紧密相连、相互贯通的新思想、新观点、新论断，形成和贯彻了科学发展观。- This theory provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it.科学发展观对新形势下实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大问题作出了新的科学回答，把我们对中国特色社会主义规律的认识提高到新的水平，开辟了当代中国马克思主义发展新境界。- Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道，是党必须长期坚持的指导思想。On socialism with Chinese characteristics中国特色社会主义- We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.胡锦涛同志在十八大报告中强调，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利。- Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation.建设中国特色社会主义，总依据是社会主义初级阶段，总布局是五位一体，总任务是实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴。On building moderately prosperous society全面建成小康社会- We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.我们要准确判断重要战略机遇期内涵和条件的变化，全面把握机遇，沉着应对挑战，赢得主动，赢得优势，赢得未来，确保到二0二0年实现全面建成小康社会宏伟目标。- An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved.综观国际国内大势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。- On the basis of making Chinas development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents.经济持续健康发展。转变经济发展方式取得重大进展，在发展平衡性、协调性、可持续性明显增强的基础上，实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比二0一0年翻一番。- To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must, with greater political courage and vision, lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way.胡锦涛指出，全面建成小康社会，必须以更大的政治勇气和智慧，不失时机深化重要领域改革，坚决破除一切妨碍科学发展的思想观念和体制机制弊端，构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。On economy加快转变经济发展方式- Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.以经济建设为中心是兴国之要，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。- The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，必须更加尊重市场规律，更好发挥政府作用。- We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，加快建立扩大消费需求长效机制，扩大国内市场规模。- We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.推动城乡发展一体化。解决好农业农村农民问题是全党工作重中之重，城乡发展一体化是解决“三农”问题的根本途径。要加大统筹城乡发展力度，促进城乡共同繁荣。On political structure reform推进政治体制改革- We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make peoples democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.必须继续积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。- We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies. However, we will never copy a Western political system.要把制度建设摆在突出位置，充分发挥我国社会主义政治制度优越性，积极借鉴人类政治文明有益成果，绝不照搬西方政治制度模式。On improving peoples wellbeing加强社会建设- We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，在学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居上持续取得新进展，努力让人民过上更好生活。On ecological progress大力推进生态文明建设- We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势，必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，把生态文明建设放在突出地位，融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族永续发展。On military modernization推进国防和军队现代化- Building strong national defense and powerful armed forces that are commensurate with Chinas international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests is a strategic task of Chinas modernization drive.建设与我国国际地位相称、与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队，是我国现代化建设的战略任务。- We should attach great importance to maritime, space and cyberspace security. We should make active planning for the use of military forces in peacetime, expand and intensify military preparedness, and enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local war in an information age.与时俱进加强军事战略指导，高度关注海洋、太空、网络空间安全，积极运筹和平时期军事力量运用，不断拓展和深化军事斗争准备，提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务能力。On Taiwan推进祖国统一- We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.对台湾任何政党，只要不主张“台独”、认同一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交往、对话、合作。- We hope that the two sides will jointly explore cross-Straits political relations and make reasonable arrangements for them under the special condition that the country is yet to be reunified.希望双方共同努力，探讨国家尚未统一特殊情况下的两岸政治关系，作出合情合理安排。- We hope the two sides will discuss the establishment of a cross-Straits military security confidence-building mechanism to maintain stability in their relations and reach a peace agreement through consultation so as to open a new horizon in advancing the peaceful growth of these relations.商谈建立两岸军事安全互信机制，稳定台海局势；协商达成两岸和平协议，开创两岸关系和平发展新前景。On foreign affairs促进人类和平与发展- China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace.中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。- We are firm in our resolve to uphold Chinas sovereignty, security and development interests and will never yield to any outside pressure.我们坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，决不会屈服于任何外来压力。- We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its own merits and work to uphold fairness and justice.我们根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，秉持公道，伸张正义。- China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert the legitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all its manifestations.中国主张和平解决国际争端和热点问题，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，反对颠覆别国合法政权，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。- China opposes hegemonism and power politics in all their forms and will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.中国反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。中共十八大一致同意在党章中把科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道确立为党的行动指南。请看相关报道：An amendment to the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was approved Wednesday, making the Scientific Outlook on Development as part of the Partys guide for action, according to a resolution of the 18th CPC National Congress.中共十八大通过党章修正案，同意将科学发展观列入党的行动指南。Amendment to the Constitution of the Communist Party of China就是中国共产党章程（修正案），可以简写为amendment to the CPC Constitution。和科学发展观（Scientific Outlook on Development）一样先后被确立为the Partys guide for action（党的行动指南）的重要思想有：马克思列宁主义（Marxism-Leninism）、毛泽东思想（Mao Zedong Thought）、邓小平理论（Deng Xiaoping Theory） 以及“三个代表”重要思想（the important thought of Three Represents）。同时，大会还同意将生态文明建设（the need to promote ecological progress）写入党章并作出阐述，使中国特色社会主义事业总体布局更加完善。中共十八大报告提出实行“党代会代表提案制”，这是中共首次正式作出该项涉及党内民主机制的重要决定。请看中国日报的报道：Delegates to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have hailed a proposal in President Hu Jintaos report to introduce amotion systemthat enables Party delegates to collectively put forward their opinions and suggestions - like legislators do - to develop democracy within the Party.参加中共十八大的代表对胡锦涛同志在报告中提出的提案制表示认同，提案制可以让党代会代表像人大代表一样以集体的形式提出意见和建议，以发展党内民主。Motion system就是“提案制”，党代会代表可以就the Partys policies and decisions（党的政策和决定）提出书面意见和建议。提案制（motion system）和任期制（tenure system）是推行intra-Party-democracy（党内民主）的重要举措。中共十七大提出的党代会代表任期制就是指党代会的代表和它所选举产生的委员会的资格和权利同时存在，任期与换届同委员会的任期与换届同期。中国文化部副部长赵少华11日在十八大记者会上表示，十年来中华文化影响力不断扩大，全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外文化交流格局正在形成。不过，中国对外交流仍然存在“文化逆差”，这需要进一步解放思想，扩大文化交流的渠道、规模、形式、内容。请看相关报道：The increase of imported films is part of what Zhao Shaohua, vice-minister of culture, called a cultural deficit facing the country.进口影片增加正是文化部副部长赵少华所说的“文化逆差”的一部分。Cultural deficit就是“文化逆差”，指中国文化贸易（cultural trade）出口少于进口，中国的对外文化交流和传播（international cultural exchange and popularization）严重“入超”。这种“文化逆差”主要表现在电影、电视剧、图书、文艺演出等文化产品（cultural products）的进口多出口少。在国际贸易中，出口多于进口的情况叫做trade surplus（贸易顺差），反之则叫做trade deficit（贸易逆差）。今年一季度，中国取代日本成为the second-largest film market（第二大电影市场）。前十个月，domestic box office receipts（国内票房收入）比上年同期增加了40%，但是其中近60%的收入来自imported films（进口影片）。President Hu Jintao highlighted the importance of improving peoples livelihood during his keynote speech on Thursday.胡锦涛同志在十八大报告中强调了改善民生的重要性。In the speech, Hu introduced a series of measures including promoting fairness in education, increasing job opportunities, strengthening vocational skills training, providing basic social security for urban and rural regions, addressing the issue of the aging population and providing old-age services, improving the medical insurance system and building affordable housing.胡锦涛同志在报告中提到了一系列改善民生的措施：促进教育公平、增加工作机会、加强职业技能培训、推进城乡社会保障体系、关注老龄人口问题、提供养老服务、改善医保体系，以及加强保障性住房建设。To guarantee that the people share in the fruits of development, the Party must deepen reform of the income distribution system, he said.为了保障人民能享受到发展的成果，我党必须深化收入分配体系改革。十八大新闻发言人蔡名照介绍说，十八届中央委员会委员和候补委员将由参加十八大的当选代表和特邀代表按照大会通过的选举办法无记名投票选举产生，中央委员会委员和候补委员都实行差额选举。请看相关报道：Delegates and specially invited delegates to the Party congress will select members and alternate members of the 18 CPC Central Committee through secret ballot in competitive election.十八届中央委员会委员和候补委员将由参加十八大的当选代表和特邀代表通过无记名投票选举产生，中央委员会委员和候补委员都实行差额选举。Competitive election就是“差额选举”，即候选人名额多于应选代表名额的选举；与其相对的是single candidate election（等额选举）。Secret ballot指“不记名投票”，也可以用anonymous ballot表示；disclosed ballot则是“记名投票”。中央委员会候补委员（alternate member）和中央委员会委员的任期同样是五年。当中央委员会委员出缺时，由中央委员会候补委员按照得票多少依次递补（fill the vacancy）。中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第七次全体会议，于2012年11月1日至4日在北京举行。请看相关报道：At the end of the seventh plenum of the 17th Central Committee, Party leaders also approved proposed amendments to the CPC Constitution and agreed that favorable grounds have been laid and full preparations made for the crucial 18th National Congress of the CPC.中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第七次全体会议通过了中国共产党章程（修正案），并一致认为已经为召开党的第十八次全国代表大会创造了“良好条件”并作了“充分准备”。Plenum就是“全体会议”，也可以用plenary session/meeting来表示。The seventh plenum of the 17th CPC Central Committee 就是“中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第七次全体会议”。出席会议的有中央委员（members of the Central Committee）、候补中央委员（alternate members of the Central Committee），中央纪律检查委员会委员（members of the CPCs Central Commission for Discipline Inspection），以及有关负责同志列席会议（participate as non-voting members）。The central military leading organ of the Communist Party of China is the Central Military Commission.The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest military leading organ of the PRC. It directs the armed forces of the country. The CMC is composed of the chairman, vice chairmen and members.Members of the Central Military Commission of the Party are decided on by the Central Committee.中共中央军事委员会简称“中央军委”，是党的最高军事领导机构。中央军委是中华人民共和国最高军事领导机构，指挥全国军事力量。中央军委由主席、副主席和委员组成。中共中央军事委员会组成人员由中央委员会决定。Amid a widening wealth gap between rich and poor, a new survey has found that 96 percent of the public said they feel resentful toward the rich.面对不断加大的贫富差距，最新相关调查显示，有96%的受访者承认自己有仇富心理。文中的wealth gap between rich and poor就是指“贫富差距”，这已成为社会中的hot-button issue（敏感问题）。Wealth gap的不断扩大也激起了人们的resentment against the rich（仇富心理）。此次调查涵盖了十个不同的social groups（社会群体），包括public servants（公务员(微博)）以及self-employed（自由职业者）在内。不同代际的人们会产生generation gap（代沟），不同性别的人群会产生gender gap（性别差异），言行不一则会导致credibility gap（信任差距，缺乏可信性）。金融危机爆发后，各国央行更加关注foreign exchange gap（外汇缺口）和savings gap（储蓄缺口）。The National Party CongressThe CPCs organ of supreme power, the National Party Congress, held once every five years, is convened by the Central Committee. Its functions and powers are to hear and examine the report of the Central Committee, to hear and examine the report of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, to discuss and decide on major issues of the Party, to revise the Party constitution and to elect the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.党的全国代表大会党的全国代表大会是中国共产党的最高权力机关，每五年举行一次，由中央委员会召集。党的全国代表大会的职权是：听取和审查中央委员会的报告；听取和审查中央纪律检查委员会的报告；讨论并决定党的重大问题；修改党的章程；选举中央委员会；选举中央纪律检查委员会。On political structure reform- We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make peoples democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.- We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies. However, we will never copy a Western political system.胡锦涛同志在十八大报告中讲到政治体制改革时指出-必须继续积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。-要把制度建设摆在突出位置，充分发挥我国社会主义政治制度优越性，积极借鉴人类政治文明有益成果，绝不照搬西方政治制度模式。On Taiwan推进祖国统一- We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.对台湾任何政党，只要不主张“台独”、认同一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交往、对话、合作。- We hope that the two sides will jointly explore cross-Straits political relations and make reasonable arrangements for them under the special condition that the country is yet to be reunified.希望双方共同努力，探讨国家尚未统一特殊情况下的两岸政治关系，作出合情合理安排。- We hope the two sides will discuss the establishment of a cross-Straits military security confidence-building mechanism to maintain stability in their relations and reach a peace agreement through consultation so as to open a new horizon in advancing the peaceful growth of these relations.商谈建立两岸军事安全互信机制，稳定台海局势；协商达成两岸和平协议，开创两岸关系和平发展新前景。On economy加快转变经济发展方式- Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.以经济建设为中心是兴国之要，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。- The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，必须更加尊重市场规律，更好发挥政府作用。- We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，加快建立扩大消费需求长效机制，扩大国内市场规模。- We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.推动城乡发展一体化。解决好农业农村农民问题是全党工作重中之重，城乡发展一体化是解决“三农”问题的根本途径。要加大统筹城乡发展力度，促进城乡共同繁荣。