2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷85（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题At night, cars often （ ）small animals that are blinded by the headlights.问题1选项A.run overB.held upC.took apartD.drove at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。run over碾过；hold up举起；take apart拆开；drive at用意所在。句意：晚上，汽车经常碾过被车头灯照懵了的小动物。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题The bed has been （ ）in the family. It was my great-grandmothers originally.问题1选项A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。hand out分发，施舍；hand over上交，移交；hand down宣布；流传下来；hand round分发，传递。句意：这张床是我们家流传下来的。它原本是我曾祖母的。选项C更符合语境。4. 单选题Grandma always paid attention to the needs, wishes and feelings of those around her. She was the most （ ）woman Ive ever known.问题1选项A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brilliant【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。5. 单选题They tried to collect all the pictures they could （ ）.问题1选项A.lay their hands onB.capitalize onC.wash their hands ofD.make the best of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。lay ones hands on意为“找到，得到，伤害”；capitalize on意为“充分利用某事物，从某事物中获利”；wash ones hands of意为“洗手不干，退出、不参与”；make the best of意为“充分利用”。句意：他们试图收集所有他们能找到的照片。6. 单选题While the doctor analyzed the patients condition, his family waited outside in considerable （ ）.问题1选项A.tensionB.anticipationC.eagernessD.anxiety【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tension意为“拉紧，（精神、局势等）紧张。”；anticipation意为“期待，希望”；eagerness意为“渴望，热心，热切”；anxiety意为“焦虑，挂虑，忧虑”。句意：医生分析病人的病情时，他的家人在外面相当焦急地等待着。7. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses; to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive; they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the authors an ideal biographer would be one who （ ）.2.The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independent and treats the subjects with fairness and objectivityD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject问题2选项A.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.biographies can serve different purposes问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readersB.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subjectC.No one can write a perfect biographyD.Authorized biographies have a wider readership问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects character问题5选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biographies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality of life.（传记作者必须在关于这个传记对象的两个不稳定的立场之间摇摆。关系太亲密，作者可能会失去客观性。关系不够近，作者可能缺乏足够的激情去努力刻画人物的思想、灵魂这些生活的本质）可知A选项“非常了解这个传记对象，并与其保持适当的距离”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第三段中的内容为：当他们的对象是英雄或著名人物时，传记往往揭示出一种民主的动机；他们试图向人民展示他们的主也只是人，并没有比任何人都好。而其它的传记则是有意要改变我们，鼓励我们变得比我们之前更好。圣经中耶稣的传记就属于后一类。由此可知作者引用了耶稣在圣经中的传记，是为了表明传记可以有不同的目的，因此选D。第3题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.（我们凭直觉认为没有作家是站在讲述一生的故事的位置的，可能甚至不是在传记对象的位置，这已经被传记的历史所证明了）可知C选项“没有人能写出完美的传记”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress.（在图书促销中，“未经授权”的描述通常暗示着传记对象希望抑制流言蜚语）可知B选项“它包含了关于传记对象的私人生活的有趣信息”。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了传记作家需要具备哪些能力以及不同种类传记的特点，因此D选项“不同类型传记的特点”。8. 单选题People tend to ignore the delayed effects of（ ）to chemicals because the danger doesnt become apparent immediately.问题1选项A.exposureB.exploitC.explosionD.exponent【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure “暴露”；exploit “功绩”；explosion “爆炸”；exponent “倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题When asked for your views about your （ ）job, on no account must you be negative.问题1选项A.currentB.contemporaryC.occasionalD.universal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。current意为“目前的，当前的，现在的”；contemporary意为“当代的，现代的”；occasional意为“偶尔的，不经常的”；universal意为“普遍的，一般的”。句意：当被问到你对当前工作的看法时，你决不能消极。10. 单选题The republication(再版)of the poets most recent works will certainly （ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.magnifyB.enlargeC.strengthenD.enhance【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。magnify放大；enlarge扩大；strengthen巩固，加强；enhance提高，增加。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再次出版必将提高他在全国的声誉。选项D更符合语境。11. 单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a （ ）as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想，幻觉”；dilemma“困境，进退两难”； contradiction “矛盾，否认，反驳”；conflict “冲突，斗争”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他经常进退两难，不知道做什么。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Agriculture was a step in human progress （ ）which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.问题1选项A.inB.forC.toD.from【答案】C【解析】介词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，这里是由which引导的定语从句，先行词是agriculture，填空处应该填入一个和comparable搭配的介词，只有介词to能与之搭配，意为“可比较的，比得上是”，所以选项C正确。13. 单选题The weather wasnt favorable and both teams had to （ ）icy rain and a strong wind during the match.问题1选项A.pin downB.contend withC.get stuck inD.take control of【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。pin down发现，查明，确定；contend with对付，与.作斗争；get stuck in陷入.加紧进行；take control of取得对.的控制。句意：天气不太好，在比赛期间两队都不得不和冰冷的雨水以及大风作斗争。所以选项B符合句意。14. 单选题Millions of Americans take large amounts of vitamin C pills every day because they believe the vitamin will help them stay healthy. However, a new study says vitamin C may help produce substances that can damage DNA. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania experimented with vitamin C in test tubes. They studied the effects of vitamin C on a substance produced in the body from fat. That substance is called hydro-peroxide（过氧化氢物）, which can be changed in a cell into substances that can damage DNA. The scientists found that vitamin C easily changed the hydro-peroxide into the gene-damaging poisons. Such damage is the first step toward developing cancer.However, the scientists say the study does not mean that vitamin C causes cancer. They say it is well-known that vitamin C is important for human health, but people can get enough vitamin C in the foods they eat. Earlier studies have shown that eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and grains can reduce the chance of developing both heart disease and cancer.Other researchers agree that the latest study is important in understanding the chemistry of vitamin C. But they say the study did not involve people. The vitamin C was tested in the laboratory only. They think the results might be different in living cells.Mark Levine is a vitamin C expert who questions whether a similar study in people would produce the same results. He also says people should get their vitamin C in food instead of taking huge amounts in pills to stay healthy, and research does not support taking a lot of vitamin C.The United States government says people should get about eighty milligrams of vitamin C each day in the foods they eat. Studies have shown that the body cannot use more than two hundred milligrams of vitamin C each day. Medical researchers say that taking vitamin C pills cannot replace the value of eating healthy foods.1.What does this passage mainly discuss?2.Which one is Not true about the effect of VC according to the passage?3.What does the author imply when he mentions “living cells” in Paragraph 3?4.Which of the following is not true about the scientists research?5.Taking a lot of VC （ ）.问题1选项A.Taking a large amount of VC will do good to health.B.Taking too much VC pills every day is not good for health.C.People should take as much VC as possible.D.It is not necessary at all to take VC pills.问题2选项A.It is important for human healthB.It may help produce substances that can damage DNAC.It causes cancerD.VC in foods can reduce the chance of developing heart disease and cancer问题3选项A.The research has involved living creatures.B.The results from the lab test might not always be reliable.C.If it is tested in living body the results will be the same.D.The chemistry of VC is living.问题4选项A.The scientists experimented with VC in test tubes.B.The research didnt involve people.C.VC was tested in the lab only.D.Mark Levine did the experiment involving people.问题5选项A.is supported by VC expertB.is encouraged by the U.S. governmentC.is agreed by medical researchersD.is disapproved by many scientists【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，美国人每天服用大量的维生素C药片，一项新的研究表明维生素C会产生破坏DNA的物质。由此可知，不能大量的摄入维生素C，所以选项A和C错误；再根据第二段第二句“ it is well-known that vitamin C is important for human health.”众所周知，维生素C对人体健康很重要，所以不摄入维生素C也是不行的，选项D错误；只有选项B正确。所以本题选B。第2题:细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“the scientists say the study does not mean that vitamin C causes cancer.”科学家说，这项研究并不意味着维生素C会导致癌症。所以选项C不属于维生素C的效果。根据上一题可知选项A和B均正确；根据第二段最后一句“eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and grains can reduce the chance of developing both heart disease and cancer.”可知选项D也表述正确。第3题:判断推理题。根据关键词“living cells”定位到第三段最后一句，结合上下文的句意：“但是他们（研究人员）说这项研究并没有涉及人。维生素A只是在实验室里进行测试，如果在活细胞中实验的话结果可能会不同。”由此可推断，作者是想暗示实验的结果并不总是可靠的。所以选项B正确。选项A和C均不符合原文；选项D在文中没有提及。第4题:细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania experimented with vitamin C in test tubes.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段最后两句“The vitamin C was tested in the laboratory only. They think the results might be different in living cells.”可知选项B和C均正确；根据第四段第一句“Mark Levine is a vitamin C expert who questions whether a similar study in people would produce the same results.”Mark Levine是质疑在人体上进行类似的研究是否会产生相同的结果，而不是做了涉及人体的实验，所以只有选项D不正确。第5题:细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“research does not support taking a lot of vitamin C.”研究不支持人们服用大量维生素C。选项中“support，encourage，agree”都表示肯定，同意的意思，只有选项D中的“disapprove”属于不赞成，不同意，所以选项D为正确答案。15. 单选题Is it true that the company is going bankrupt? I didnt mean to eavesdrop what you said. I just （ ）it.问题1选项A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。overcome克服；overwhelm淹没，压倒；overheard无意听到；overlook忽视。句意：那家公司要破产了，是真的吗？我无意偷听你们说话，只是无意中听到的。选项C符合语境。16. 单选题His total worldly possessions （ ）little more than the clothes he stood up in.问题1选项A.amounted toB.settled forC.turned offD.came at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。amount to总计；settle for勉强同意；turn off关闭；come at达到。句意：他的全部财产仅仅只有他所穿的衣服。这里是对他的全部财产进行一个总计，所以选项A更符合句意。17. 翻译题Traditional history has been a history of nations. But here, for the first time since the Roman Empire, there is the possibility of creating the history of a civilization. Now is the first chance on a new basis with new technologies to create a civilization of unprecedented openness and pluralism（多元文化）. A civilization of the polycentric mind（多种精神中心的）. A civilization that leaves behind forever, the ethnocentric, tribal mentality. The mentality of destruction.Los Angeles is a premonition（先兆）of this new civilization.Linked more to the Third World and Asia than to the Europe of Americas racial and cultural roots. Los Angeles and southern California will enter the twenty-first century as a multiracial and multicultural society. This is absolutely new. There is no previous example of acivilization that is being simultaneously created by so many races, nationalities, and cultures. This new type of cultural pluralism is completely unknown in the history of mankind.America is becoming more plural every day because of the unbelievable facility of the new Third World immigrants to put a piece of their original culture inside of American culture. The notion of a “dominant” American culture is changing every moment. It is incredible coming to America to find you are somewhere elsein Seoul, in Taipei, in Mexico City. You can travel inside this Korean culture right on the streets of Los Angeles. Inhabitants of this vast city become internal tourists in the place of their own residence.【答案】传统意义上的历史一直是各个国家的历史。但在美国，自罗马帝国以来，首次出现了创建一个文化的历史的可能。现在第一次有了这样一个机遇，在新的基础上用新技术创建一个有着前所未有的开放性的多元文化。一个有着多种精神中心的文化。一个永远抛弃种族中心主义心态、部落心态的文化。那是一种破坏性的心态。洛杉矶就是这一新兴文化的先兆。洛杉矶以及南加州与第三世界和亚洲的联系要比与美国的民族、文化之根欧洲的联系密切，因此将以一个多民族、多元文化的社会进入世纪。这是一种全新的现象。一个文化由如此之多的种族、民族和文化同时创建，这样的先例从未有过。这种新型的文化多元化在人类历史上闻所未闻。由于来自第三世界的新移民所具有的将本族文化融入美国文化的令人难以置信的本领，美国正变得越来越多元化。美国的“主导”文化的概念时刻在改变。来到美国，你会不可思议地发现自己身在别地来到了汉城，台北，墨西哥城。你在洛杉矶街头行走，就可以感受到韩国的文化氛围。这个大城市的居民成了自己居住地的游客。18. 单选题Youll have to change your （ ）of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.formB.moldC.moodD.mode【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状，形式”；mold意为“模型，压模”；mood意为“心情”；mode意为“方式，风格，样式”。由change your _ of life（改变你的生活_）可知D选项最符合逻辑，mode of life表示“生活方式”。句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必须改变你的生活方式。19. 单选题More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California （ ） in San Francisco.问题1选项A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。previously “以前，预先”；predominantly “主要地”；practically “实际地”；permanently “永久地，长期不变地”。句意：超过三分之一的住在美国的中国人主要住在旧金山。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题He believes that （ ）things dont necessarily mean they dont exist.问题1选项A.intangibleB.indispensableC.irresistibleD.visible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。intangible意为“难以形容（或理解）的，无形的，触不到的”；indispensable意为“不可缺少的”；irresistible意为“无法抗拒的”；visible意为“看得见的”。句意：他认为触摸不到的东西并不一定意味着它们不存在。