虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形Could mightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词couldmightIf Id dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he.) (=If there were no water,) (=If you hadnt helped me,)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形devide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut. Its high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气专项练习一（ ）1. If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am（ ）2. I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak wish French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt（ ）3. today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave（ ）4. If Jone tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come（ ）5. “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her?” “You mean to say , you wouldve helped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you C. were she to ask you（ ）6. They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them . A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die（ ）7. If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk（ ）8. If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able（ ）9. I would have gone to the concert, if I time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had（ ）10. I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having（ ）11. your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for（ ）12. “What did Mr Smith say about his career?” “Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become（ ）13. “Why didnt you help him?” “I would have I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or（ ）14. “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .” A. goes B. would go C. go D. went（ ）15. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights. A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch（ ）16. I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I . A. can B. could C. had D. speak（ ）17. “Are you enjoying your stay here? “Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.” A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt（ ）18. “What will you do during the summer holidays?” “I dont know, but its about time on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decided（ ）19. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say（ ）20. “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be（ ）21. He makes a note of the assignment lest he it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget（ ）22. “how does the librarian act?” “He acts as if he a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D. has been（ ）23. There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be（ ）24. I wish you interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not（ ）25. Henry talks to his dog as if it him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand（ ）26. Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see（ ）27. Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today（ ）28. There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be（ ）29. It is highly desirable that every effort to reduce pollution in Bei jing. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made（ ）30. The manager would rather that his wife work in the same office as he dose. A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not（ ）31. The teacher insisted that we all back by two oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be（ ）32. I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I there. A. went B. was C. were D.had been（ ）33. It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒) A. did away with B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C (11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B (20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D (29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点1.如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气.其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天气更好些,庄稼一定会长得更好.2. If it were not for / had not been for 也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为“要不是因为”.1)If it hadnt been for the doctor, he wouldnt have recovered so soon.2)If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.3.有些条件是由一些短语引出的(but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)1)We couldnt have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).2)Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.3)With better equipment, we could have done it better.4)But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.5)I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.6)He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.7)He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.4.在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来.谓语动词用虚拟形式.1)Any men in his position would have done like that. 2) You should (ought to) have come earlier.虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用在有些情况下,条件从句中的谓语由”should +原形动词”构成,这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气,也可以是祈使语气.1. If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.2. Should anyone phone, please tell them Im busy.3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.表示要求,建议,命令的虚拟语气表示要求,建议,命令的从句中,谓语动词要用should +原形动词,其中可以should省略.下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气.a.主宾语从句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should +原形动词,可以省略.1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.2. TheLondondockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.l当suggest, insist等动词表示”暗示,坚持说”时,其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气,要用陈述语气.1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?2. He insisted that he was innocent.b.主语从句表示法:当以上动词用在下列句型中时,主语从句也应该用should +原形动词1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.2. It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.l在It is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that句型中, strange, necessary等后面的主语从句中用should +原形动词, should可以省略.3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.4. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.5. It is important that we should learn from toehrs.e.表语从句表示法.suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气,即should +原形动词, should也可以省略.1)My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.c. wish后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.e.g.Iwishthatshewerehere with me and that wewerentsick. IwishIhad sentthe old man to hospital in time.d.在as if引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气,通常用weree.g. People treat meas ifIwerea dangerous person. I remember the whole thingas ifithappenedyesterday.f.同位语从句表示法. That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.虚拟语气中常见的句型有1. It is (high / about) time that这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should +原形动词,其中should不可以省略.此句型译为”该是时候了”.2. would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.此句型表示”宁愿让某人”,如果是没有发生的动作,从句用过去时;如果是已经发生的事,从句用过去完成时. 1) Id rather you left tomorrow. 2) Id rather they hadnt gone to school yesterday.3. if only此句型表示”要是就好了”.其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同,既:如果虚拟现在,要用一般过去时;如果是虚拟过去,要用过去完成时;如果是虚拟将来,则应该用would或could加原形动词.1) If only I were a bird! 2)If only I had worked hard as a student! 3) If only I could land on the moon!4.连接词in case可用来引起的虚拟语气.形式通常为: in case +主语+ should +动词原形. in case句中should的可以省去,也可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气.1)He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.2) He doesnt dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.虚拟语气专项练习二20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D . be circling 21. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone 22. I wish I _ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were 23. I wish that I_ the concert last night. A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended 24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone 25. I wish you_ me to put these things away, he said. A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help 26. If the Watergate Incident_ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling 27. I hadnt expected _James to apologize but I had hoped . A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me 28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ . A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 29. The teacher suggested that her students _ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his 30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip_ a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. Lifted D. could lift 34. He described the town as if he_ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _from an evil dream. A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke 36. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do 37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who _their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting. A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have 38. It is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm 39. without electronic computers, much of todays _advanced technology. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government _measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. Came C. would have come D. had come 44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be surprised if he_ acting for a living one day. A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up 45. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 46. I hadnt expected _Henry to apologize but I had hoped . A. him to call me up B. him calling me up C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me 47. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend 48. I had hoped that Jennifer_ a doctor, but she wasnt good enough at science. A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes 49. Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt 50. Id just as soon_ rudely to her. A. that you wont speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak 51. Its high time they_ this road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend 52. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 53. Everybody has arrived. Its time we_ the class. A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start 54. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 55. Mary _my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received 56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _to see his classmates off. A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming 57. Hes working hard for fear that he_ . A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might_ for a century. A. have been postponed B. has been postponed C. postpone D. be postponed 59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_ in the home. A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working 60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be 61. Toms father, as well as his mother,_ in New York for a few days more. A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay C. asks he stays D. asks he stay 62. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited 64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month. A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing 65. It is appropriate that some time _thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission. A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to 参考答案20（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。 21D 22D 23C 24A 25D 26（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。 27（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。 28（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。 29（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。 30A表示与现在相反的虚拟。 31Aas though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 32Dfelt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 33Das if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。 34Aas if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 35C 36（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。 37（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 38（B） 39（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。 40（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。 41（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。 42（C） 43（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。 44（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条